Paleoenvironmental reconstruction in La Paz Bay, Gulf of California: Evidence from δ18O in Chione californiensis

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362110665
Author(s):  
Fernando Arenas ◽  
Harumi Fujita ◽  
Alberto Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of California ◽  
First Year ◽  
Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stable Oxygen ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Summer Growth ◽  
Bivalve Shells

Oceanic characteristics of the Holocene are used to understand climatic patterns and phenomena that affect marine and human communities. Likewise, past marine conditions can be reconstructed from surface sea temperature (SST), using stable oxygen isotopes in bivalve shells. The objective of this study was to calculate Holocene summer SSTs for La Paz Bay, by analyzing δ18O of 14C dated bivalve shells ( Chione californiensis) from a Holocene camp site located in Cañada de La Enfermería, Baja California Sur, México. Aragonite was extracted from the shells’ umbo, representing the summer growth season during the first year of life. δ18O value of C. californiensis is −1.9 ± 0.1‰ at present, and varied between −1.3‰ and −2.6‰ during the last 9 ky. In 9469 BP, 8396 BP, and 7708 BP, δ18O values were similar to those of the present. In 7857 BP, 7805 BP, and 7804 BP, δ18O was 18O depleted (0.6–0.9‰), indicating warmer summer SSTs versus the present. In 7070 BP, 6945 BP, and 2087 BP, δ18O was enriched in 18O (0.3–0.4‰), suggesting colder SSTs versus the present. This study coincides with other paleotemperature studies for the region and allows us to address the effect of changing SST on this marine resource, its use by human communities of the past, and its effects on human presence in the area with respect to climate variability.

scholarly journals BILINGUALISM IN CHILDREN HAVING CONGENITAL BILATERAL PROFOUND SENSORI NEURAL HEARING LOSS – CASE REVIEW

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Amina Asif Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
First Year ◽  
Case Review ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
High Intelligence ◽  
Mainstream Society ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Developed World

The age old understanding that an individual with a hearing loss is incapable of acquiring verbal communication skills was readily accepted in the past, which led to the inadvertent but unfortunate coining of phrases “deaf and dumb” or “deaf and mute, " and the development of non-verbal or manual communication methodolgies of Sign language. Further, this caused the segregation and isolation of otherwise physically and intellectually competent individuals from mainstream society, unjustifiably denying them opportunities of education and vocation. Studies have proved that in the absence of any organic or inorganic complication, a child with a hearing loss may not only score a high Intelligence Quotient but can also acquire more than one language fluently. Early Intervention with appropriate amplification of residual hearing is underscored as the fundamental prerequisite for children with bilateral congenital profound sensorineural hearing loss, for subsequent acquisition of good listening and normal speech-language skills and plausible bilingualism; that further equips them with scholastic achievements comparable to their hearing peers. The past half century has witnessed stupendous technological enhancements in amplification devices manufactured for children having hearing loss, complemented by steady success in fostering their Inclusive Education. This paper highlights the urgent need in Pakistan to address this issue as well as the importance of early detection, diagnosis, and (re)habilitation along with parent training initiated within the first year of life. An otherwise anticipated disabling condition may be overcome completely if neonatal screening, which is not only inexpensive but also easy to perform; is made mandatory at all hospitals and maternity homes, as practiced in the developed world. This shall ease the challenges faced by the families of children having hearing loss; and enable the professionals working with them to successfully alleviate their communicative, social, educational and vocational difficulties, and ensure that they become successfully contributing members of our verbal society.

scholarly journals Analysis of the health status of children of the first year of life

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
R.V. Marushko ◽  
◽  
О.О. Dudina ◽  
T.L. Marushko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Negative Trend ◽  
Child Health Service ◽  
First Year ◽  
Live Births ◽  
The Past ◽  
First Year Of Life

Ukraine entered the 21st century with one of the worst vital signs in Europe and the burden of many socio-economic and demographic problems. Adverse quantitative and especially qualitative indicators of population reproduction have become stable. Therefore, the most important medical and social task and one of the main activities of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine is the formation and maintenance of public health. The defining stage in the formation of human health is the first year of life. Purpose — to study the state and trends of changes in the main indicators of the health of children in the first year of life for the period 2000–2019. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the incidence of children in the first year of life, infant mortality, over the past 20 years in the context of individual pathological conditions is carried out. The information base of the study was the data of state and industry statistics for 2000–2019. Methods of a systematic approach, statistical data processing, epidemiological analysis of graphic images were used. Results. The study revealed that the unfavorable demographic situation in Ukraine is accompanied by an unsatisfactory state of the main predictors of a healthy start in the life of infants, the formation and maintenance of their health. Over the past two decades, there has been a high level with a negative trend of diseases of the reproductive system of women, a high frequency of the combination of pregnancy and extragenital diseases remains. There is a negative trend towards an increase in the generalized objective criterion of the health of the generation, which is born and the socio-economic well-being of the population — the frequency of premature, low birth weight, incl. With very low birth weight. Only thanks to the introduction of modern medical organizational technologies with proven efficiency in the activities of the maternal and child health service was it possible to achieve a decrease in the incidence of newborns from 280.8 per 1000 live births in 2000 up to 172.14 in 2019. At the same time, the increase in the incidence of newborns with diseases that have a direct impact on the development of chronic and disabling diseases at all stages of life is of concern — congenital pneumonia, neonatal sepsis, other disorders of the cerebral status of the newborn, neonatal jaundice. According to the assessment of the dynamics of the general morbidity of children in the first year of life, its level is still high, with a positive trend — 2018.8 per 1000 children who reached 1 year in 2000 and 1393.1 in 2019, the growth rate is -30.9% with a traditionally leading position in the level and structure of the incidence of respiratory diseases — 810.2 per 1000 children who have reached one year of life and 58.15%, certain conditions occurring in perinatal period — 126.7 ‰ and 9.06%, diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue — 63.9‰ and 4.59%, diseases of the blood and hematopoietic organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism — 63.0‰ and 4.52%. Conclusions. The positive dynamics of morbidity in children of the first year of life is confirmed by a decrease in infant mortality from its maximum level of 11.9 per 1000 live births in 2000 up to 7.0 in 2019, the growth rate is -41.2% due to all its components with a more intensive reduction in postneonatal mortality from 5.28‰ to 2.57‰, the growth rate is -51.3% against the background of an increase in the concentration of mortality in the neonatal period from 55.9% to 64.5%, respectively. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: newborns, children of the first year of life, low birthweight newborns, morbidity, infant mortality.

EVALUATION OF THE ROUTINE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF INFANTS IN THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE: REVIEW

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 960-962
Author(s):  
Clarence H. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Life Review ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Past ◽  
Routine Physical Examination ◽  
First Year Of Life

In view of the fact that this reviewer has spent a considerable part of his professional career rendering the type of service which Dr. Anderson decries as unnecessary, it is difficult to review the article without doing what the author found difficult to avoid, which is to be swayed by preconceptions. It is hoped that the author will temper his bias with the reviewer's bias to bring conclusions and recommendations out of the study which the figures justify and which are nearer the middle of the road. There are physicians in pediatrics who consider regular examination of infants and children to be desirable and productive; there are physicians who prefer that a variety of methods be used in pediatrics until it is fully demonstrated that one is superior to the other and do not wish to be forced into a "new pediatrics" unless it is demonstrably better; and, there are parents who bring their babies to pediatricians for reasons other than those mentioned, i.e., for treatment or prevention of abnormal conditions. Their babies are precious commodities and they wish to know that the babies do not have abnormalities but also want reassurance that they are caring for the babies properly, affording them attention and supervision which is not just good but is superior, and being good parents who are helping their babies in every way to develop the best of their potentials. Herein lies an innate difference between public health and private health in pediatrics which seems to have been highly desirable to pediatricians and parents in the past.

scholarly journals Possibilities of the ultrasonography in the diagnosis of craniosynostosis in children of the first year of life

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
N. N. Dzhandzhgava ◽  
A. B. Sugak ◽  
E. A. Filippova ◽  
L. A. Satanin ◽  
D. S. Kryuchko
Keyword(s):  
Screening Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The State ◽  
Cranial Sutures ◽  
First Year ◽  
Ultrasound Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Suture Fusion ◽  
First Year Of Life

Craniosynostosis is a premature closure of the skull sutures, manifested by deformation of the head requiring surgical treatment. An instrumental examination of the state of the cranial sutures is necessary for the differential diagnosis of craniosynostosis and benign positional deformities of the skull in infants. Traditionally, radiation methods, such as X-ray and computed tomography with three-dimensional reconstruction, are used for this purpose. Over the past two decades, we have accumulated a large amount of data on the high information content of the ultrasound method in assessing the state of the cranial sutures in children. Ultrasound examination is widely available, easy to perform, reproducible; it does not require sedation of the patient and does not carry radiation exposure, which is especially important when examining young children. A negative result of the study makes it possible to exclude the diagnosis of craniosynostosis, while the detection of suture fusion serves as an indication for referring the child to visit a surgeon and further examination. The ultrasound method should be more widely used as a screening method for detecting head deformity and suspicion of craniosynostosis in children of the first year of life.

scholarly journals A clinical perspective on food-relatA Clinical Perspective on Food-Related Diseases in the First Year of Lifeed diseases in the first year of life

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Hopp
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
First Year ◽  
Food Protein ◽  
Clinical Perspective ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
Allergic Proctocolitis ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

Food-related disease processes can have a wide presentation picture. We present here a review of their clinical patterns in infants to allow a prompt diagnosis and appropriate management. Included in the discussion in infants from birth to 12 months includes IgE-mediated food allergy, food protein–induced allergic proctocolitis , food protein enterocolitis syndrome, atopic dermatitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, and eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease. The bibliography is updated to the past two years unless the latest guideline pre-dated 2018, or the reference was of a classic nature.

scholarly journals WAYS OF MODERNIZATION OF MEDICAL AND SOCIAL ASSISTANCE IN CHILDREN’S HOMES

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Svetlana B. Lazurenko ◽  
A. P. Fisenko ◽  
S. R. Konova
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
First Year ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Children’S Homes ◽  
Interdisciplinary Interaction ◽  
First Year Of Life

Results of the analysis and comparison of official statistics and selective studies of the health status of young children brought up in children’s homes and in the children’s population over the past decade are presented. It has been established that The state of health of charity-children of children’s homes by the nature and structure of disorders was established to differ from the state of health of children in the population. The authors propose to implement a number of measures to ensure the improvement of the quality of medical and psychological-pedagogical assistance to children with combined forms of pathology; to introduce in the child’s homes modern medical-psychological-pedagogical assistance to a severe contingent of children based on interdisciplinary interaction, to improve the system of gradual rehabilitation treatment and comprehensive medical rehabilitation of children of the first year of life, taking into account the structure of health disorders.

INDICES OF THE CHILD'S EARLIEST ATTACHMENT TO HIS MOTHER, APPLICABLE IN ROUTINE PEDIATRIC EXAMINATION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-603
Author(s):  
Henri Parens
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Care ◽  
Maternal Deprivation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Regular Component ◽  
Clinical Knowledge ◽  
Adequate Nutrition ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Common ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Common Infections

Knowledge about the psychological aspects of early child development is now a regular component of basic clinical knowledge for pediatricians. In the past 25 years this newer knowledge has become documented, refined, and translated into every-day pediatric competence. The practicing pediatrician and his academic colleagues will be as deficient without this understanding as applied in clinical care as if they were deficient in up-to-date knowledge about immunizations, adequate nutrition, or the recognition and care for the common infections and infectious diseases of childhood. Children do not grow out of developmental deviations any more than they grow out of the need for adequate nutrition. This note is a reminder, not only of all the competent care pediatricians provide, but of the risk they take for their patients when they are ambiguous or less than rigorous about the earliest signs of maternal deprivation or other causes of developmental deviation in the first year of life. Five years after a first adoption, a middle class couple privately adopted Fay at the age of 1 month. Within weeks, the natural mother sued for the return of her child, and the case remained in litigation from within the second month of Fay's life to 16 months of age, when the court legalized the adoption. Mrs. G., the adopting mother, cared for her child's physical and physiological needs well. However, during this entire 15 months, because she feared she might lose Fay at any point, Mrs. G. took particular pains to limit the amount of emotional contact she, her husband, and their adopted son had with Fay.

Women As Mothers and Grandmothers

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANGELA B. MCBRIDE ◽  
CHERYL PROHASKA SHORE
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
First Year ◽  
Role Development ◽  
Maternal Role ◽  
Traditional Family ◽  
The Past ◽  
Almost All ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Made In

This chapter analyzes the literature on women as mothers; research reports published between January 1985 and December 1999 were reviewed. As in the past, almost all of the extant studies analyzed the experience of mothers in their children’s first year of life. Although therapeutic suggestions were made in many studies, relatively few interventions have been implemented and evaluated. More studies are needed that go beyond traditional family forms and that explore mothers’ role development over the full course of their children’s growth and development. Additional longitudinal research that views maternal role development as a process is indicated.

scholarly journals Risk factor analysis of allergic rhinitis in 6–8 year-old children in Taipei

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249572
Author(s):  
Ciao-Lin Ho ◽  
Wei-Fong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
First Year Of Life

The incidence of allergic rhinitis (AR) has increased rapidly in Taiwan during the past 30 years; however, potential risk factors of AR have yet to be examined. The purpose of this study is to explore the prevalence, personal and environmental risk factors of rhinitis. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 26418 first graders (6–8 years old) in Taipei with a response rate of 94.6% (24999/26418). Modified International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaires were completed by their parents or main caregivers. Logistic regression was used to examine possible personal and environmental (in early life and current) factors related to rhinitis. The prevalence of rhinitis in the past 12 months was 42.8% in 6–8 years old children. Multivariate logistic regression analysis for both males and females revealed that male gender, antibiotic use in first year of life, bronchiolitis before the age of two years, diagnosed asthma, and diagnosed eczema, having a cat the first year of life were associated with an increased risk of rhinitis. Having older siblings, on the other hand, may reduce the risk of rhinitis. Based on the present study, we may recommend less use of antibiotics the first year of life and not having a cat in the home in the child’s first year of life as preventive measures to reduce the risk of rhinitis. From the subgroup analysis, we can take preventive measures for the different risk factors of rhinitis and the severity of rhinitis in each subgroup.

The Breastfeeding-Friendly Pediatric Office Practice

2018 ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Joan Younger Meek ◽  
Amy J. Hatcher
Keyword(s):  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Pediatric Care ◽  
First Year ◽  
Clinical Report ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Office Setting ◽  
Office Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
First Year Of Life

The landscape of breastfeeding has changed over the past several decades as more women initiate breastfeeding in the postpartum period and more hospitals are designated as Baby-Friendly Hospitals by following the evidence-based Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding. The number of births in such facilities has increased more than sixfold over the past decade. With more women breastfeeding and stays in the maternity facilities lasting only a few days, the vast majority of continued breastfeeding support occurs in the community. Pediatric care providers evaluate breastfeeding infants and their mothers in the office setting frequently during the first year of life. The office setting should be conducive to providing ongoing breastfeeding support. Likewise, the office practice should avoid creating barriers for breastfeeding mothers and families or unduly promoting infant formula. This clinical report aims to review practices shown to support breastfeeding that can be implemented in the outpatient setting, with the ultimate goal of increasing the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and the continuation of any breastfeeding.

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