Trouble in Bed: The Role of Pre-Sleep Worry and Intrusions in the Maintenance of Insomnia

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison G. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Intrusive Thoughts ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Preliminary Research ◽  
Unwanted Thoughts

Insomnia chronically affects 1 in 9 individuals. It causes sufferers severe distress as well as social, interpersonal, and occupational impairment. One of the most replicated findings in the insomnia literature is that people who suffer from insomnia attribute their sleep disturbance to unwanted and excessive intrusive thoughts and worries whilst trying to get to sleep. This article aims to provide an overview of published studies relating to unwanted worry and intrusions in insomnia and to establish the extent to which unwanted worry and intrusions, and the management of them, contribute to the maintenance of insomnia. It is argued that a key mechanism underpinning excessive negatively toned cognitive activity is the strategy by which the unwanted thoughts are managed. Preliminary research is presented in support of this proposal and the clinical implications of it are discussed. It is concluded that investigations of the mechanisms underpinning excessive and unwanted pre-sleep intrusions and worry are in their infancy, but that it is a promising area for future research.

I CAN'T SLEEP, MY MIND IS RACING! AN INVESTIGATION OF STRATEGIES OF THOUGHT CONTROL IN INSOMNIA Allison G. Harvey

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison G. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Intrusive Thoughts ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Thought Control ◽  
Sleep Period ◽  
Falling Asleep

People with sleep-onset insomnia commonly attribute their difficulty falling asleep to intrusive thoughts, worries, or “a racing mind”. Previous research has implicated strategies of thought control in the maintenance of symptoms in a number of psychological disorders. The purpose of the present study was to compare individuals diagnosed with insomnia (n = 30) and good sleepers (n = 29) for the strategies employed to manage cognitive activity during the pre-sleep period. Reappraisal, worry, and suppression were employed more by participants with insomnia than by good sleepers. Good sleepers employed social control, replacement, suppression, and reappraisal strategies most frequently, whereas the strategies most frequently employed by insomniacs were suppression and reappraisal. The results are discussed in terms of the role of strategies employed to manage pre-sleep cognitive activity in the maintenance and reversal of insomnia.

scholarly journals Pain and Attention

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimiti van Ryckeghem ◽  
Geert Crombez
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
The Relationship

Attention plays a pivotal role in the experience of pain and its impact upon daily activities. Accordingly, research on the interplay between attention and pain has a long scientific history. This chapter discusses the theoretical frameworks that aim to explain the relationship between attention and pain. It argues for a motivational perspective on pain that highlights the critical role of cognitive, affective, and contextual factors in explaining the interplay between attention and pain. To substantiate this argument, the chapter provides an overview of available research addressing the bottom-up capture of attention by pain and the top-down modulation (both inhibition and facilitation) of attention for pain. It concludes with guidelines and suggestions for future research and discusses clinical implications of adopting a motivational perspective on pain.

Acculturation and suicide-related risk among Latin American migrants

2021 ◽  
pp. 553-566
Author(s):  
Lillian Polanco-Roman ◽  
Cristiane Duarte ◽  
Roberto Lewis-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Latin American And Caribbean

This chapter examines suicide-related risk among Latin American migrants worldwide, exploring the finding of elevated risk among certain subgroups of Latin American and Caribbean migrants against a background of lower risk overall compared to native populations. The evidence summarized here supports the role of acculturation in rising suicide-related risk, with longer exposure to the new society represented by longer residence in the country, earlier age of migration, and later generation status. A review of sociocultural risk and protective factors relevant to the experiences of migration and acculturation that are linked to suicide-related risk is provided, as well as a summary of limitations in the existing literature. We suggest pathways that account for how acculturation impacts the onset and course of suicide-related behaviours of Latin American migrants, as well as their clinical implications and recommendations for future research and clinical work.

scholarly journals Losing Control: Sleep Deprivation Impairs the Suppression of Unwanted Thoughts

2020 ◽  
pp. 216770262095151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus O. Harrington ◽  
Jennifer E. Ashton ◽  
Subbulakshmi Sankarasubramanian ◽  
Michael C. Anderson ◽  
Scott A. Cairney
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
Salutary Effect ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Memory Control ◽  
Unwanted Thoughts

Unwanted memories often enter conscious awareness when individuals confront reminders. People vary widely in their talents at suppressing such memory intrusions; however, the factors that govern suppression ability are poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that successful memory control requires sleep. Following overnight sleep or total sleep deprivation, participants attempted to suppress intrusions of emotionally negative and neutral scenes when confronted with reminders. The sleep-deprived group experienced significantly more intrusions (unsuccessful suppressions) than the sleep group. Deficient control over intrusive thoughts had consequences: Whereas in rested participants suppression reduced behavioral and psychophysiological indices of negative affect for aversive memories, it had no such salutary effect for sleep-deprived participants. Our findings raise the possibility that sleep deprivation disrupts prefrontal control over medial temporal lobe structures that support memory and emotion. These data point to an important role of sleep disturbance in maintaining and exacerbating psychiatric conditions characterized by persistent, unwanted thoughts.

The role of anxiety in the development, maintenance, and treatment of childhood aggression

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (4pt2) ◽  
pp. 1515-1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela Granic
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Childhood Aggression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Primary Target ◽  
Daily Stressors ◽  
Developmental Models ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Aggressive Children

AbstractThe majority of aggressive children exhibit symptoms of anxiety, yet none of our developmental models of aggression incorporate the role of anxiety, and our treatments ignore this comorbidity. This article outlines a novel theoretical model that specifies three hypotheses about comorbid anxious and aggressive children: (a) unpredictable parenting induces anxiety in children that in turn triggers aggressive behavior; (b) prolonged periods of anxiety deplete children's capacity to inhibit impulses and trigger bouts of aggression, and aggression in turn functions to regulate levels of anxiety; and (c) minor daily stressors give rise to anxiety while cognitive perseveration maintains anxious moods, increasingly disposing children to aggress. Little or no research has directly tested these hypotheses. Extant research and theory consistent with these claims are herein reviewed, and future research designs that can test them specifically are suggested. The clinical implications most relevant to the hypotheses are discussed, and to improve the efficacy of treatments for childhood aggression, it is proposed that anxiety may need to be the primary target of treatment.

scholarly journals The Role of Fatigue in the Aging Swallow: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Danielle Brates ◽  
◽  
Michelle S. Troche ◽  
Sonja M. Molfenter ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Swallowing Function ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Mealtime Behavior ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Patient Performance

Fatigue is a term commonly used to describe patient performance and/or subjective experience in the evaluation and management of swallowing disorders (known as dysphagia). There is an association between fatigue and aging, as well as fatigue and many dysphagia-causing diseases/disorders. Therefore, speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are justifiably aware of and concerned about the potential impact of fatigue on swallowing performance and mealtime behavior. However, there is minimal agreement on and understanding of what constitutes swallowing-related fatigue, how it is identified and measured, who is at risk, and its impact on swallowing function, overall health, and quality of life. The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of fatigue in swallowing and eating behavior in the context of aging, and how fatigue may be measured and managed clinically. We review the concept of fatigue and its clinical implications for swallowing function and mealtime behavior through the dichotomous framework of self-perceived fatigue versus measurable fatigability. Quantitative fatigability and patient-reported fatigue are discussed. We conclude with implications for future research.

The Relationship Between Forgiveness, Bullying, and Cyberbullying in Adolescence: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
pp. 152483801986909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cirenia Quintana-Orts ◽  
Lourdes Rey ◽  
Everett L. Worthington
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Traditional Bullying ◽  
Online Bullying ◽  
The Past ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
The Relationship

The study of bullying in adolescence has received increased attention over the past several decades. A growing body of research highlights the role of forgiveness and its association with aggression. In this article, we systematically review published studies on the association among online and traditional bullying and forgiveness in adolescents. Systematic searches were conducted in PsycINFO, MEDLINE, PsycArticles, and Scopus databases. From a total of 1,093 studies, 637 were nonduplicated studies and 18 were eventually included. Together, these studies provided evidence that forgiveness and bullying behaviors are negatively related: Adolescents with higher forgiveness levels bully less. Similarly, forgiveness is negatively related to victimization: Adolescents with higher forgiveness show less victimization. Unforgiveness was positively related to traditional and online bullying. This relationship appears to be consistent beyond types of bullying, certain background characteristics, and forgiveness measures. These findings are discussed, and clinical implications and guidelines for future research are presented.

Taming the Thoughts in the Writings of Maximos the Confessor

2020 ◽  
pp. 193979092097054
Author(s):  
Despina D. Prassas
Keyword(s):  
Intrusive Thoughts ◽  
Monastic Life ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Neutral Ground ◽  
Unwanted Thoughts

St. Maximos the Confessor, a 7th-century monk, wrote several ascetical treatises that addressed the monastic life. This article explores the role of unwanted intrusive thoughts, the logismoi, outlined in two of his earlier works, the Centuries on Love and the Questions and Doubts. The author encourages the reader to pay particular attention to one’s thoughts, take the time to familiarize oneself with the thoughts that enter one’s mind, and offers advice on how to eliminate the causes of unwanted intrusive thoughts. He concludes that the mind or nous is considered neutral ground and one is able to control, but not completely eradicate, the unwanted thoughts by utilizing specific spiritual techniques.

scholarly journals Perspectives and future directions for epigenetics in hematology

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 121 (26) ◽  
pp. 5131-5137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Goodell ◽  
Lucy A. Godley
Keyword(s):  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pleiotropic Action ◽  
Epigenetic Regulators ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractGenetic analysis of hematologic malignancies over the past 5 years has revealed abundant mutations in epigenetic regulators in all classes of disorders. Here, we summarize the observations made within our review series on the role of epigenetics in hematology. We highlight the clinical implications of mutations in epigenetic regulators and outline what we envision are some of the major areas that merit future research. Recent findings may have immediate prognostic value, but also offer new targets for drug development. However, the pleiotropic action of these regulators indicates caution is warranted and argues for investment in understanding of their underlying mechanisms of action as we proceed to exploit these findings for the benefit of patients.

THE ROLE OF COGNITIVE PROCESSES IN SLEEP DISTURBANCE: A COMPARISON OF JAPANESE AND ENGLISH UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison G. Harvey ◽  
Alice M. Gregory ◽  
Chris Bird
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Japanese Sample ◽  
Clinically Significant

The present study investigated the role of cognitive processes in the maintenance of clinically significant sleep disturbance across two cultures. A questionnaire was administered to 60 Japanese and 60 English university students to assess the presence of sleep disturbance, predominance of pre-sleep cognitive activity, use of thought management strategies to control pre-sleep cognitive activity, and the content of pre-sleep cognitive activity. The results indicated that across both cultures poor sleepers attributed their sleep disturbance to the presence of uncontrollable pre-sleep cognitive activity. Minor differences between the Japanese and English samples included the strategies employed to control pre-sleep cognitive activity. The English participants were more likely to engage in reappraisal whereas the Japanese sample were more likely to engage in punishment and worry. These results are suggestive of the cross-cultural applicability of cognitive models of insomnia.

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