Recollections of Maternal and Paternal Punitive Discipline in Childhood and Violent Attitudes and Behaviors in Adulthood: A Mediation Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-400
Author(s):  
Sofia Koukouli ◽  
Argyroula E. Kalaitzaki
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Harsh Discipline ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Punitive Discipline ◽  
And Behaviors

This cross-sectional retrospective study on a convenience sample of 973 Greek undergraduate students examined whether the violent socialization in childhood and the criminal history in adolescence would be mediators between parents' harsh discipline and young adults' violent attitudes and behaviors (VA/B). Structural Equation Modelling indicated that both the mothers' and fathers' punitive discipline at age 10 have an indirect impact, through the mediators, on young adults' VA/B. A direct effect was also found from mothers' and fathers' punitive discipline to violence approval and from fathers' punitive discipline to antisocial personality symptoms, and corporal punishment law attitude. The findings suggest that early experiences of harsh discipline may increase the risk of adult's violence and call for multilevel prevention and intervention programs targeting both parents and children.

I think you can: transpersonal efficacy in teams

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 458-474
Author(s):  
Samantha Dubrow ◽  
Kyle J. Emich ◽  
Tara S. Behrend
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Task Interdependence ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Behaviors

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to expand the nomological network of a relational efficacy construct, transpersonal efficacy, and examine its effect on attitudes and behaviors important for team performance. The authors identify several antecedents to transpersonal efficacy, including task interdependence, agreeableness and conscientiousness. The authors also find that transpersonal efficacy is related to relational attitudes and behaviors in teams.Design/methodology/approachThis study consists of an online cross-sectional survey completed by participants representing a wide range of occupations, team types, contexts and industries. Participants reported on their working relationships with team members and various behavioral outcomes. Participants used the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) to describe their teammates’ job requirements and to evaluate each teammate’s ability to complete required tasks. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to test hypotheses.FindingsFindings suggest that people in highly interdependent teams have more confidence in their teammates. Further, transpersonal efficacy predicts relationship, task and process conflict when controlling for team task interdependence and virtualness, along with individual differences including agreeableness and conscientiousness. Transpersonal efficacy also contributes to the prediction of relationship conflict beyond the explained variance of collective efficacy.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to our understanding of individuals in teams by using social cognitive theory, expectancy theory and uncertainty reduction theory as a base for predicting the value of transpersonal efficacy in driving relational team behaviors. The authors uniquely consider efficacy as an interpersonal construct that is related to individual behaviors and attitudes that target specific teammates, rather than the team as a whole.

scholarly journals Prescribers’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors on Antibiotics, Antibiotic Use and Antibiotic Resistance in Jordan

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 858
Author(s):  
Reema A. Karasneh ◽  
Sayer I. Al-Azzam ◽  
Mera Ababneh ◽  
Ola Al-Azzeh ◽  
Ola B. Al-Batayneh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Ease Of Access

More research is needed on the drivers of irrational antibiotic prescribing among healthcare professionals and to ensure effective prescribing and an adequate understanding of the issue of antibiotic resistance. This study aimed at evaluating prescribers’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviors about antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance. A cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing an online questionnaire and included physicians and dentists from all sectors in Jordan. A total of 613 prescribers were included (physicians n = 409, dentists n = 204). Respondents’ knowledge on effective use, unnecessary use or associated side effects of antibiotics was high (>90%), compared with their knowledge on the spread of antibiotic resistance (62.2%). For ease of access to the required guidelines on managing infections, and to materials that advise on prudent antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance, prescribers agreed in 62% and 46.1% of cases, respectively. 28.4% of respondents had prescribed antibiotics when they would have preferred not to do so more than once a day or more than once a week. Among respondents who prescribed antibiotics, 63.4% would never or rarely give out resources on prudent use of antibiotics for infections. The findings are of importance to inform antibiotic stewardships about relevant interventions aimed at changing prescribers’ behaviors and improving antibiotic prescribing practices.

scholarly journals Media and sustainable apparel buying intention

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orpha de Lenne ◽  
Laura Vandenbosch
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Content Type

Purpose Using the theory of planned behavior, the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between different types of media and the intention to buy sustainable apparel and test whether attitudes, social norms, and self-efficacy beliefs may explain these relationships. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional survey study was conducted among 681 young adults (18-26 years old). Findings Exposure to social media content of sustainable organizations, eco-activists, and sustainable apparel brands, and social media content of fashion bloggers and fast fashion brands predicted respondents’ attitudes, descriptive and subjective norms, and self-efficacy beliefs regarding buying sustainable apparel. In turn, attitudes, descriptive norms, and self-efficacy beliefs predicted the intention to buy sustainable apparel. Fashion magazines predicted the intention through self-efficacy. Specialized magazines did not predict the intention to buy sustainable apparel. Research limitations/implications Results should be generalized with caution as the current study relied on a convenience sample of young adults. The cross-sectional study design limits the ability to draw conclusions regarding causality. Actual behavior was not addressed and needs to be included in further research. Practical implications The present study hints at the importance of social media to affect young consumers’ intentions to buy sustainable apparel. Sustainable apparel brands should consider attracting more young social media users to their social media pages. Originality/value This study is one of the first to examine the potential of different media to promote sustainable apparel buying intention.

Structure of HIV Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors among American Indian Young Adults

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M. Mitchell ◽  
Carol E. Kaufman ◽  
Pathways of Choice and Health Ways Project Team
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
And Behaviors

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOR ABOUT NUTRITION BALANCE WITH NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF STUDENT IN POLTEKKES KEMENKES BENGKULU IN 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-166
Author(s):  
Thesa Frovela
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Nutrition Balance ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
Nutritional Balance

The health and nutritional status of pregnant women determined at teenager and adult during a eligible woman, so everyone must have knowledge, attitudes and behaviors about nutrition so that they don’t have mistakes in food selection. The purpose of this observation is determine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and behavior about nutritional balance with the nutritional status of students in Poltekkes Kemenkes Bengkulu in 2020. The design of this observation is obsevational cross-sectional design conducted in January in Poltekkes Kemenkes Bengkulu with a population of 640 people and a sample of 60 people. The statistical analysis used the pearson correlation test. The results showed that the average knowledge about balanced nutrition was good enough, the average attitude about balanced nutrition was good, the average behavior about balanced nutrition was good and the average nutritional status of female students was in the normal category. There is a relationship between knowledge about nutritional balance with nutritional status of student (r = 0.324), there is a relationship between attitudes about nutritional balance with nutritional status of student (r = 0.373), and there is a relationship between behavior about nutritional balance with nutritional status of student (r = 0.343). It is expected that students can improve their knowledge, attitudes and behaviors about nutritional balance.

scholarly journals The paths to children’s disordered eating: The implications of BMI, weight-related victimization, body dissatisfaction and parents’ disordered eating

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilou Côté ◽  
Maxime Legendre ◽  
Annie Aimé ◽  
Marie-Christine Brault ◽  
Jacinthe Dion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Disordered Eating Attitudes

Background Being the target of peer victimization is frequent among children categorized as overweight and obese and is thought to play a central role in disordered eating behavior development. In accordance with a previous theoretical model, this cross-sectional study aimed to replicate among children the mediating role of weight-related victimization from peers and body dissatisfaction in the association between body mass index (BMI) and children’s disordered eating attitudes and behaviors (CDEAB), while also taking into account the contribution of parents’ disordered eating attitudes and behaviors (PDEAB). Methods Participants were 874 children aged between 8 and 12 years old who were recruited in elementary schools. Height and weight were measured and used to calculate BMI. Self-reported questionnaires were used to measure weight-related victimization, body dissatisfaction, CDEAB and PDEAB. Results For both girls and boys, a path analysis showed no direct effect of BMI on CDEAB, but a significant indirect effect was found, indicating that weight-related victimization and body dissatisfaction mediated this relationship. In addition, the indirect effect of weight-related victimization and body dissatisfaction remained significant even when controlling for PDEAB. Conclusion While weight itself appears to be insufficient to explain CDEAB, weight-related victimization may lead children to see their weight as problematic and develop disordered attitudes and behaviors toward eating. This suggests that weight-related victimization from peers and body dissatisfaction must be taken seriously and that preventive and intervention efforts must be pursued.

Does employee ownership moderate the outcomes of pay dispersion?

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-176
Author(s):  
Dan Weltmann
Keyword(s):  
Administrative Support ◽  
Employee Ownership ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Pay Dispersion ◽  
And Behaviors

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to answer the question: What happens to the outcomes of pay dispersion when the employees own stock in their own company? Design/methodology/approach The data set consisted of over 20,000 employee surveys. Pay dispersion was measured with the Gini coefficient. The outcome variables were attitudes and behaviors with numerous controls. The moderation effect of employee ownership was investigated at the individual and group level using multilevel regression analysis. Findings Most hypothesized outcomes did not yield statistically significant results. The results that were statistically significant had two patterns: first, higher pay dispersion was consistently associated with improved attitudes and behaviors; and second, employee ownership moderated the outcomes of pay dispersion for certain outcomes and job types (e.g. perceptions of company fairness among administrative support personnel, or absenteeism and production personnel). There was no evidence to support a link between pay dispersion and attitudes across job types (vertical), only within job types (horizontal). Research limitations/implications All the data were self-reported in surveys. Attitudes were measured with single items rather than validated scales. The data were cross-sectional, so no causality can be inferred. Practical implications While both higher pay dispersion and employee ownership can motivate employees, the interaction between them can be negative, especially in a cooperative environment. Consideration should be given to this when designing compensation packages. Social implications There was a surprisingly strong link between higher pay differentials and improved attitudes, suggesting that the opportunity for higher pay is more influential than any feelings of inequity. Originality/value The effect of employee ownership on the outcomes of pay dispersion has never been investigated. This should be valuable given how widely higher pay is used to attract, retain and motivate employees (leading to pay dispersion) as well as how increasingly popular employee ownership is becoming.

scholarly journals Perceived changes of specific attitudes, perceptions and behaviors during the Corona pandemic and their relation to wellbeing

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arndt Büssing ◽  
Daniela Rodrigues Recchia ◽  
Rudolf Hein ◽  
Thomas Dienberg
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
And Behaviors

Abstract Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, most people had to cope with the restrictions of the lockdown, leaving them to their fears, insecurity and isolation. On the other hand, due to the unexpected ‘extra time’ there was room for new experiences and for personal reflections on what is essential in life, to perceive nature and relations more consciously etc. We, therefore, intended to analyze perceived changes of attitudes and behaviors during the time of lockdown, and whether these perceptions would contribute to personal wellbeing during the pandemic. Methods An anonym cross-sectional online survey was performed for data collection, using standardized questionnaires, i.e., the WHO-Five Well-being Index (WHO-5), Brief Multidimensional Life Satisfaction Scale (BMLSS), Awe/Gratitude scale (GrAw-7), and the newly developed Perceived Changes Questionnaire (PCQ). Results Within the number of respondents (n = 1277), women were predominating (67.5%). Participants’ mean age was 50.9 ± 14.9 years. Exploratory factor analyses showed that the 24-item Perceived Changes Questionnaire differentiated five factors that would account for 61% of variance: (1) Nature/Silence/Contemplation (Cronbach’s alpha = .87), (2) Spirituality (Cronbach’s alpha = .83), (3) Relationships (Cronbach’s alpha = .80), (4) Reflection on life (Cronbach’s alpha = .74), (5) Digital media usage (Cronbach’s alpha = .74). Strongest changes were observed for Relationships and Nature/Silence/Contemplation. Perceived changes were stronger among older persons, among persons with higher wellbeing, and among those who relied on their faith as a resource. These changes were predicted best by a person’s perception of wondering awe in distinct situations with subsequent feelings of gratitude. Stepwise regression analyzes revealed that participants’ wellbeing was explained best by low perceived burden and high life satisfaction (R2 = .46). Awe/gratitude, perceived changes in terms of Nature/Silence/Contemplation and low Reflections of live are further variables that would predict a person’s wellbeing among the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions During the Corona pandemic, people tried to find ways to adapt to the outcomes of the restrictions. The perceived changes of attitudes and behaviors can be interpreted in terms of a reappraisal strategy. These can be measured with the extended version of the PCQ which was found to have good quality indices and a plausible factor structure. The reported changes contribute to persons’ wellbeing only to some extend, indicating that they represent an independent quality of relevance in peoples’ life.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document