scholarly journals Examining The Employment Intensity Of Economic Growth Of The PIIGS

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
William Seyfried
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
The Other ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Temporary Contracts ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Employment Elasticity ◽  
High Employment ◽  
Very High ◽  
Double Digit

At the beginning of the second decade of the 21st century, several countries in the periphery of Europe began suffering from sovereign debt crises, resulting from and contributing to economic weakness. As of late 2013, each country was struggling with double-digit unemployment rates with rates in Greece and Spain near 27%. Though economic weakness was responsible for falling employment, the linkage between economic growth and employment, known as the employment intensity of economic growth (also called employment elasticity), may differ between nations. Estimation of models developed reveal different dynamics in the respective countries. Regardless of the model employed, the results revealed a very high employment intensity of economic growth in Spain relative to the other nations, indicating that employment was highly sensitive to changes in economic growth. As such, an equivalent decline in GDP had a much larger impact on employment in Spain than the other PIIGS. There is evidence that the structure of the labor market may play some role in explaining different employment elasticities for the countries in question. In particular, the degree of unionization appeared to be negatively correlated with employment intensity (economic growth had a smaller impact on employment in nations that have a larger percentage of unions) while the portion of workers on temporary contracts was positively correlated with employment intensity; countries with a larger percentage of workers on temporary contracts, such as Spain, had a higher employment intensity as employment responded more to changes in economic growth.

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Cells Carrying the t(12;21) Translocation Are Highly Sensitive to Alemtuzumab Mediated Cell Lysis.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 872-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josee Golay ◽  
Chiara Cortiana ◽  
Giovanni Cazzaniga ◽  
Anna Salvi ◽  
Massimiliano Manganini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukaemia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽  
B Lymphoma ◽  
Complement Inhibitors ◽  
Complement Dependent Cytotoxicity ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Very High

Abstract We have investigated CD52 expression and alemtuzumab (Campath-1H®) mediated lysis in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) cell lines and freshly isolated samples. CD52 was expressed in 4 out of 9 ALL cell lines studied (44%), only two of which expressed it at high levels: the preB ALL REH carrying a t(12;21) translocation and the B-ALL Silti with rearranged c-myc (both with MFI of about 270). In contrast, of 57 freshly isolated ALL samples analysed, 86% of cases expressed CD52, albeit at varying levels. CD52 expression was generally more frequent and more intense on more mature ALL along either the B or T lineage. In particular none of the 4 proB-ALL carrying a t(4;11) translocation expressed CD52 (0%), whereas 100% of B linage ALL with a t(12;21), t(9;22) or t(1;19) translocations (total 19 cases analysed) stained positive for CD52 at varying levels (100%). We next analysed alemtuzumab and complement mediated lysis (CDC) and ADCC. ADCC was equivalent in different CD52+ lines, reaching 50% lysis at a 60:1 effector:target ratio. In contrast complement dependent cytotoxicity was variable in different cell lines, since the REH cell line bearing the t(12;21) translocation showed 47% lysis at 10 μg/ml alemtuzumab compared to 0–6% for the other cell lines (Silti and the B lymphoma EsIII), expressing equivalent amounts of CD52. Interestingly amongst freshly isolated ALL, 10/10 t(12;21) ALL samples showed very high CDC (mean 96% lysis) in presence of 10 μg/ml alemtuzumab and human serum, compared to the other 15 CD52+ cases tested in the same conditions which showed a mean of 19% lysis (p<0.0001). Furthermore in t(12;21) samples, near maximal CDC was obtained with as low as 1 μg/ml alemtuzumab whereas other ALL cases required 10 to 100 μg/ml alemtuzumab for significant lysis to be observed. CDC correlated only in part with CD52 levels, suggesting that CD52 expression as well as other yet undefined factors contribute to the particular sensitivity of t(12;21) cells. In non t(12;21) ALL cases showing low lysis, CDC could be increased 2 to 3 fold by increasing alemtuzumab concentration to 100 μg/ml, or by blocking the CD55 and CD59 complement inhibitors. Furthermore, increased cytotoxicity (up to 100%) could be obtained in several non t(12;21) ALL cases by combining alemtuzumab with fludarabine or mafosfamide, with an approximately additive effect observed between the antibody and these chemotherapeutic drugs. We conclude that the cytotoxic activity of alemtuzumab against CD52+ ALL is variable and its effectivenes can be improved by the combination with cytotoxic drugs.

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: Mechanism for Effectiveness of Plasmapheresis

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Kelton ◽  
P. B. Neame ◽  
I. Walker ◽  
A. G. Turpie ◽  
J. McBride ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽  
The Other ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Antiplatelet Antibody ◽  
Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽  
Serious Illness ◽  
Normal Platelet ◽  
Very High

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare but serious illness of unknown etiology. Treatment by plasmapheresis has been reported to be effective but the mechanism for benefit is unknown. We have investigated the effect of plasmapheresis in 2 patients with TTP by quantitating platelet associated IgG (PAIgG) levels prior to and following plasmapheresis. Both patients had very high levels of PAIgG at presentation (90 and A8 fg IgG/platelet respectively, normal 0-5). in both, the PAIgG levels progressively fell to within the normal range and the platelet count rose following plasmapheresis. One patient remained in remission with normal platelet counts and PAIgG levels. The other relapsed after plasmapheresis and the PAIgG level rose prior to the fall in platelet count. Plasmapheresis was repeated and resulted in normalization of both the platelet count and PAIgG level. It is suggested that plasmapheresis removes antiplatelet antibody or immune complexes which may be of etiological importance in this illness.

Growth Characteristics of Activated Sludges Acclimated to para-Nitrophenol in Batch and Continuous Modes

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 327-333
Author(s):  
Y. Matsui ◽  
F. Yamaguchi ◽  
Y. Suwa ◽  
Y. Urushigawa
Keyword(s):  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Operational Mode ◽  
Continuous Mode ◽  
Relative Resistance ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
The Given ◽  
Operational Modes ◽  
Very High ◽  
Sensitive Group

Activated sludges were acclimated to p-nitrophenol (PNP) in two operational modes, a batch and a continuous. The operational mode of the PNP acclimation of activated sludges strongly affected the physiological characteristics of predominant microorganisms responsible for PNP degradation. Predominant PNP degraders in the sludge in batch mode (Sludge B) had lower PNP affinity and were relatively insensitive to PNP concentration. Those of the sludge in continuous mode (Sludge C), on the other hand, had very high PNP affinity and were sensitive to PNP. MPN enumeration of PNP degraders in sludge B and C using media with different PNP concentrations (0.05, 0.2,0.5 and 2.0 mM) supported the above results. Medium with 0.2 mM of PNP did not recover PNP degraders in sludge C well, while it recovered PNP degraders in sludge B as well as the medium with 0.05 mM did. When switching from one operational mode to the other, the predominant population in sludge B shifted to the sensitive group, but that of sludge C did not shift at the given loading of PNP, showing relative resistance to inhibitive concentration.

Islamic hedging for pilgrimage funds: case of Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-341
Author(s):  
Rifki Ismal ◽  
Nurul Izzati Septiana
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Exchange Rate Risk ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Rate Risk ◽  
Risk Identify ◽  
Hajj Season ◽  
The Right ◽  
Very High

Purpose The demand for Saudi Arabian real (SAR) is very high in the pilgrimage (hajj) season while the authority, unfortunately, does not hedge the hajj funds. As such, the hajj funds are potentially exposed to exchange rate risk, which can impact the value of hajj funds and generate extra cost to the pilgrims. The purpose of this paper is to conduct simulations of Islamic hedging for pilgrimage funds to: mitigate and minimize exchange rate risk, identify and recommend the ideal time, amount and tenors of Islamic hedging for hajj funds, estimate cost saving by pursuing Islamic hedging and propose technical and general recommendations for the authority. Design/methodology/approach Forward transaction mechanism is adopted to compute Islamic forward between SAR and Rupiah (Indonesian currency) or IDR. Findings – based on simulations, the paper finds that: the longer the Islamic hedging tenors, the better is the result of Islamic hedging, the decreasing of IDR/USD is the right time to hedge the hajj funds and, on the other hand, the IDR/SAR appreciation is not the right time to hedge the hajj funds. Findings Based on simulations, the paper finds that: the longer the Islamic hedging tenors, the better is the result of Islamic hedging, the decreasing of IDR/USD is the right time to hedge the hajj funds and, on the other hand, the IDR/SAR appreciation is not the right time to hedge the hajj funds. Research limitations/implications The research suggests the authority to (and not to) hedge the hajj fund, depending on economic conditions and market indicators. Even though the assessment is for the Indonesian case, other countries maintaining hajj funds might also learn from this paper. Originality/value To the best of author’s knowledge, this is the first paper in Indonesia that attempts to simulate the optimal hedging of hajj funds.

scholarly journals Higher Education and Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)—Potential Contribution of the Undergraduate Courses of the School of Social Sciences of the University of Évora

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1828
Author(s):  
Elisa Chaleta ◽  
Margarida Saraiva ◽  
Fátima Leal ◽  
Isabel Fialho ◽  
António Borralho
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
The Other ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The University

In this work we analyzed the mapping of Sustainable Development Goals in the curricular units of the undergraduate courses of the School of Social Sciences at the University of Évora. Of a total of 449 curricular units, only 374 had students enrolled in 2020/2021. The data presented refer to the 187 course units that had Sustainable Development Goals in addition to SDG4 (Quality Education) assigned to all the course units. Considering the set of curricular units, the results showed that the most mentioned objectives were those related to Gender Equality (SDG 5), Reduced Inequalities (SDG 10), Decent Work and Economic Growth (SDG 8) and Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions (SDG 16). Regarding the differences between the departments, which are also distinct scientific areas, we have observed that the Departments of Economics and Management had more objectives related to labor and economic growth, while the other departments mentioned more objectives related to inequalities, gender or other.

DEVELOPMENT OF NACL-BASED OPTICALLY STIMULATED LUMINESCENT PHOSPHORS FOR THE POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS IN DOSIMETRY

2020 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
S U Gaikwad ◽  
R R Patil ◽  
M S Kulkarni ◽  
C M Dudhe ◽  
S V Moharil
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Radiation Dosimetry ◽  
Optically Stimulated Luminescence ◽  
Signal Loss ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Very High

Abstract New highly sensitive optically stimulated luminescent phosphors with NaCl moiety and dopants Ca,Cu,P/Mg,Cu,P are developed. These phosphors show very high optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) sensitivity. The dose response for NaCl:Ca,Cu,P is linear up to 1.2 Gy and for NaCl:Mg,Cu,P is slightly sub linear from 0.2 Gy. These phosphors show 30% fading during first 4 and later signal gets stabilised with no further signal loss. These sensitive phosphors will find applications in radiation dosimetry using OSL.

Rolling and Recrystallization Textures in High Purity Al Cold Rolled to Very High Rolling Reductions

2005 ◽  
Vol 495-497 ◽  
pp. 603-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Todayama ◽  
Hirosuke Inagaki
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Work Hardening ◽  
Dynamic Recovery ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rolling Reduction ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Very High

On the basis of Taylor-Bishop-Hill’s theory, many previous theoretical investigations have predicted that, at high rolling reductions, most of orientations should rotate along theβfiber from {110}<112> to {123}<634> and finally into the {112}<111> stable end orientations. Although some exceptions exist, experimental observations have shown, on the other hand, that the maximum on the β fiber is located still at about {123}<634> even after 97 % cold rolling. In the present paper, high purity Al containing 50 ppm Cu was cold rolled up to 99.4 % reduction in thickness and examined whether {112}<111> stable end orientation could be achieved experimentally. It was found that, with increasing rolling reduction above 98 %, {110}<112> decreased, while orientations in the range between {123}<634> and {112}<111> increased, suggesting that crystal rotation along the βfiber from {110}<112> toward {123}<634> and {112}<111> in fact took place. At higher rolling reductions, however, further rotation of this peak toward {112}<111> was extremely sluggish, and even at the highest rolling reduction, it could not arrive at {112}<111>. Such discrepancies between theoretical predictions and experimental observations should be ascribed to the development of dislocation substructures, which were formed by concurrent work hardening and dynamic recovery. Since such development of dislocation substructures are not taken into account in Taylor-Bishop-Hill’s theory, it seems that they can not correctly predict the development of rolling textures at very high rolling reductions, i. e. stable end orientations. On annealing specimens rolled above 98 % reduction in thickness, cube textures were very weak, suggesting that cube bands were almost completely rotated into other orientations during cold rolling. {325}<496>, which lay at an intermediate position between {123}<634> and {112}<111> along theβfiber, developed strongly in the recrystallization textures.

Japan's Role in Asia-Pacific Cooperation

1991 ◽  
Vol 513 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
SABURO OKITA
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
International Economic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
The Other ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
International Trading

The Asia-Pacific countries achieved rapid economic growth with the flying-goose model in the 1980s, growth buttressed by export-oriented development strategies and the policy culture in these countries. While Japan and the other Asia-Pacific countries still have strong growth potential, many problems remain, including trade imbalances with the United States and the rise of protectionism there, the Asia-Pacific economies' vulnerability, and the need to consolidate the infrastructure for growth. It is imperative that Japan contribute to the development of the region by responding effectively to these issues and that it strengthen the international trading arrangements by promoting Asia-Pacific cooperation premised on openness. Given the region's great internal diversity, Asia-Pacific economic cooperation can well serve as a model for international economic coordination.

LONG DURATION ECHOES FROM AURORA, METEORS, AND IONOSPHERIC BACK-SCATTER

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. R. McKinley ◽  
Peter M. Millman
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
E Region ◽  
Very High ◽  
Visual Observations

In the course of the Ottawa meteor program some unusual echoes have been detected on 33 Mc. Echoes from the aurora are discussed and correlated with visual observations. Two mechanisms of radio reflections from the aurora have been proposed but the data here presented are insufficient to favor one over the other. On Aug. 4, 1948, six extremely long duration meteor echoes were observed which may have been due to abnormal ionospheric conditions. From time to time since August, 1948, a weak semipermanent echo has been recorded, usually appearing at a range of about 80 km., and enduring up to an hour. It is suggested that this echo is due to back-scatter from the same sources in the lower E-region that are presumed to be responsible for long-range very high frequency propagation.

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