scholarly journals A Comparative Cost Disadvantage Driven By Foreign Competition

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaechi Nkemakolem Nwaokoro
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Foreign Competition ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Steel Making ◽  
Steel Output ◽  
The Us ◽  
Steel Import ◽  
The Impact

This study focuses on the impact of foreign physical steel imports on the output of the US steel industry. This industry faces a comparative disadvantage in costs and from reduced utilized capacity in steel making. The strong desire of many foreign steel producers to export steel to the US lucrative market led to their plant modernization with the associated economies of scale. This led to steel import surge in America. The imposed trade restrictions had mixed outcomes. The domestic steel output is modeled as function of steel imports and from the size of the economy addressed by shipments. The OLS estimate of steel imports is insignificant and this could be explained by the ineffectiveness of the various instituted trade instruments, from increased foreign prices of steel, and from depreciated dollars at some points in time during the period in study. As expected the measure of the economyshipments variable has a positive impact on steel production.

The speed of change and performance risk: examining the impacts of IT spending in the US hotel industry

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Hua ◽  
Tingting Zhang ◽  
Melissa F. Jahromi ◽  
Agnes DeFranco
Keyword(s):  
Business Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Performance Risk ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Revenue Volatility ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Speed Accuracy

Purpose This study aims to investigate the impact of the speed of change (trend) in information technology (IT) expenditures on performance risk indicated by revenue volatility in the US hotel industry. Design/methodology/approach To systematically investigate the impacts of IT expenditures on hotel performance risks, this study collects the same store proprietary data of 1,471 hotel properties from CBRE, a leading hotel consulting firm in the USA, from 2011 to 2017, with a total of 10,297 observations. Findings Econometric analyses are performed and results indicate a significant and positive impact of the speed of change of IT systems expenditures on the performance risk after comprehensively controlling for confounding factors following prior research. Originality/value With the increased importance of IT in day-to-day activities, hospitality business owners have started to quickly adjust their investment in IT infrastructure and superstructure to enhance their business performance. However, their fast-changing expenditures may introduce more risks to their businesses based on the speed–accuracy tradeoff, systems theory and the Schumpeterian Growth Model. This study is one of the pioneer projects that ever assessed the impact of IT expenditure and speed of change on performance risks of hotels.

Processing and Recycling Experiments of Dust from Electric Arc Furnace

2011 ◽  
Vol 378-379 ◽  
pp. 719-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zorica Bacinschi ◽  
Cristiana Zizi Rizescu ◽  
Elena Valentina Stoian ◽  
Dan Nicolae Ungureanu ◽  
Aurora Anca Poinescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steel Production ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Leaching Test ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Steel Making ◽  
Fine Grained Material ◽  
The Impact

The processing and recycling experiments of dust from Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) in industrial conditions aimed at highlighting the minimizing possibility of this waste by transforming it into a by-product that can represent either a secondary raw material for steel making in EAF or to recover iron, zinc and lead (the Waltz process). Electric-arc furnace dust (EAFD) is a by-product of steel production and recycling. This fine-grained material contains high amounts of zinc and iron as well as significant amounts of potentially toxic elements such as lead, cadmium and chromium. Therefore, the treatment and stabilization of this industrial residue is necessary. Leaching test is a method of evaluating the impact of waste that is stored (soil, water table).

scholarly journals US-China trade war: Impact on chemical exporting firms from India to US

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Areej Aftab Siddiqui ◽  
Parul Singh
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Exporting Firms ◽  
China Trade ◽  
The Us ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Trade War ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

With the onset of the US-China trade war in July 2018, the trade patterns between China, the US, and India have undergone a tremendous change. The number of products in which China had a competitive advantage in terms of exports to the US has declined in the last 9 months. A number of developing countries may be benefitted from the ongoing tariff war between the US and China, like Vietnam, Brazil, India, and Korea. In the present study, an attempt has been made to analyse the impact of the US-China trade war on exports of India to the US. The sector which has been selected is the chemical sector comprising of organic and inorganic chemicals as chemicals are one of the top-exported products from India to the US. To analyse the impact, the difference-in-differences technique of regression has been applied. The results indicate that after July 2018, i.e., the commencement of the US-China trade war, the impact on firms exporting chemicals from India to the US has been significant and firms in India may be a potential source for chemicals for the US provided the right policy measures are exercised in India. The results indicate that the trade war between the US and China has had a positive impact on the chemical exports from India to the US. The chemical exports from India to the US have increased post-July 2018, though not at a steep rate. This indicates that India has the potential to export chemicals to the US

scholarly journals Mexico and China in the US manufacturing market: An empirical analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Víctor M. Cuevas Ahumada ◽  
Cuauhtémoc Calderón Villarreal
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
Plausible Model ◽  
The Us ◽  
Unit Labor Costs ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
The Impact

<p>This paper conducts a disaggregated comparative analysis of China’s and Mexico’s export dynamism in the US manufacturing market over the period 1994-2015 and, against this backdrop, it estimates a panel data econometric model showing the impact of key variables on Mexico’s export performance across manufacturing subsectors of different technology categories. Export performance is measured in terms of import market shares in the US and numerous econometric issues are addressed to produce a plausible model. In addition to capturing some heterogeneity among different manufacturing subsectors, this study shows that: (i) a depreciation of the real exchange rate calculated for each subsector worsens (rather than improves) Mexico’s export performance, which is likely due not only to the high import content of Mexican manufacturing exports, but also to the increasing weight of the private sector’s external liabilities; (ii) a fall in domestic unit labor costs has a positive impact on Mexico’s export performance, which highlights the importance of raising labor productivity faster than wages; and (iii) a reduction in US unit labor costs deteriorates Mexico’s export performance. In this context, the empirical evidence leads to clear-cut policy recommendations to raise export performance and thus economic growth.</p>

The Consolidation of the Latin American City and the Undermining of Social Cohesion

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan R. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Social Disorganization ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Current Period ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Second Period

The paper examines possible sources of urban disorder and their impact on social disorganization in two times periods in Latin America. The first period is that of the region's rapid urbanization (c. 1950–1980) and the second is the current period of low rates of urbanization and slow urban growth, particularly true of the largest cities. Unlike in the US, Latin American urbanization in the first period produced social disorganization that in turn gave rise to social organization and local cohesion. The paper focuses on the intervening factors that mediate the link between poverty/inequality and social cohesion. These include the pattern of settlement of the city through different types of migration, the pattern of residential segregation in the city, and the nature of poverty. Social cohesion is defined in terms of the nature of social relationships and in terms of feelings of trust and identity with others at both neighborhood and city level. The spatial, demographic, and economic sources of disorder are hypothesized to have a positive impact on social cohesion in the first period relative to the second period when the impact is more negative.

scholarly journals Oil Price, Oil Price Implied Volatility (OVX) and Illiquidity Premiums in the US: (A)symmetry and the Impact of Macroeconomic Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sharik Essa ◽  
Evangelos Giouvris
Keyword(s):  
Implied Volatility ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Full Sample ◽  
Crisis Period ◽  
The Us ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

We examine the impact of oil price and oil price volatility on US illiquidity premiums (return on illiquid-minus-liquid stocks), using the US Oil Fund options implied volatility OVX index. We use daily data from 2007 to 2018, taking into account the structural break in June 2009 and controlling for macroeconomic factors. Both OLS and VAR models indicate that oil price has a significantly positive impact and OVX has a significantly negative impact on premiums, for the full sample and post-crisis period. These relationships are potentially driven by investor sentiments and market liquidity. Oil price has a negative impact on premiums during the crisis period. Using an autoregressive distribution lag model and an error correction model, we analyse long- and short-run elasticities. We find that oil price has a significantly positive impact on premiums both in the long- and short-run, for the full sample and post-crisis period. OVX only has a significantly negative impact in the short-run for the full sample. The reverting mechanism to establish long-run equilibrium is effective for the full sample and post-crisis period. Illiquidity premiums do not show any asymmetric responses to oil price changes but we do find evidence of asymmetric response to OVX changes.

scholarly journals Influence of the COVID-19 Crisis on Steel Production in Poland Compared to the Financial Crisis of 2009 and to Boom Periods in the Market

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Bożena Gajdzik ◽  
Radoslaw Wolniak
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Large Decrease ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Us ◽  
Steel Market ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Situation

This paper presents an analysis of the volume of steel production in Poland during the COVID-19 crisis in the first half of 2020 in comparison to the volume of steel production during the financial crisis initiated in the US during the period 2007–2008, whose effects, in the form of a large decrease in steel production, were seen in 2009 in Poland. A comparison is also made to periods of prosperity in 2004, 2007, and 2017 (when there was a good economic situation in the steel market in Poland). The selection of the time period—the first half of 2020—was based on the emergence of a new situation in the economy, which was lockdown. The aim of the analysis is to determine the impact of the COVID-19 situation on the steel market (volume of steel production) in Poland. The analysis performed could help entrepreneurs manage their companies during the COVID-19 crisis. This paper belongs to the category of research work. The statistical analysis was realized regarding steel production in Poland. Three periods were analyzed: The first half of 2020—the period termed the COVID-19 crisis; the year 2019—the year of a large decrease in steel production in Poland caused by the world financial crisis; and periods of prosperity in the steel market—the years 2004, 2007, and 2017 (periods before crises). The analysis shows that, in order to assess the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the functioning of enterprises or industries, it is necessary to analyze the situation and compare it with other situations in the past. Moreover, crisis management in the COVID-19 situation must be highly rationalized and real, and the various industrial sectors and companies forming them should adapt this process to their own situation. Results: On the basis of the statistical data, it was found that, in the short term (months), the production of steel during the COVID-19 crisis was a little higher than in the financial crisis of 2009 (excluding steel production in June 2020), and lower than during the boom in the steel market (the comparison to the periods when there was a boom in the Polish steel market was made to show the dynamics of decline).

scholarly journals TRADE RESTRICTIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF FOREIGN TRADE LIBERALIZATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1(13) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Kateryna Pugachevska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Research on the impact of the external component on economic growth shows the prevailing view of the positive impact of foreign trade and its liberalization on economic growth. At the same time, discussions on trends in foreign trade liberalization are part of the issue of contradictory impact of free cross-border movement of goods, capital and labor on the economic development. The majority of sources on endogenous growth contains a range of models for the relationship between trade restrictions and economic growth. Therefore, the aim of the article is to study trade restrictions in the context of foreign trade liberalization. At a high level of economic development, the liberalization of the economy allows to increase the benefits of foreign trade, but the issues related to the opening of national markets in the economic periphery remain controversial. The article considers the essence and classification of foreign trade restrictions. The views of scholars of leading economic schools on the relationship between trade liberalization and economic growth have been represented. It has been determined, that the main trends in the liberalization of foreign trade are: expanding the scope of regulatory measures by both national governments and global trade institutions; coordination and intensification of international cooperation in the areas of multilateral liberalization of foreign trade; growing non-tariff barriers to the development of international trade. The results of the study allow to deepen the understanding of the peculiarities of ensuring national economic interests in the conditions of dynamization of foreign trade. Key words: trade restrictions, national economic interests, import regulation, foreign trade liberalization, tariff and non-tariff restrictions.

scholarly journals Urban Spatial Expansion, Urban Compactness, and Average Travel Demand in the US Urbanized Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Qing Su
Keyword(s):  
Travel Demand ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Simultaneous Equation ◽  
Lot Size ◽  
Average Household Income ◽  
The Us ◽  
Spatial Size ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the impact of a wide variety of factors on spatial size, spatial compactness measured by population density, and average travel demand measured by daily vehicle miles traveled per capita. The simultaneous equation regression results indicate real average household income has a positive impact on spatial size and average travel demand while a negative impact on urban spatial compactness. Transportation cost measured by fuel cost per mile has a negative impact on spatial size while a positive impact on urban spatial compactness. Among the land use policy tools, urban growth boundary has a positive impact on urban compactness while minimum lot size has a positive impact on urban spatial size.

The Impact of China, the EU, and the US on Africa through the Lens of Output Growth and FDI

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-568
Author(s):  
Marvellous Ngundu ◽  
◽  
Nicholas Ngepah ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
The European Union ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Resource Rents ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

This study uses a vector of FDI-weighted real gross domestic product (GDP) growth rates as proxy for the output growth of China, the European Union (EU), and the United States (US). Using a two-stage least squares estimator over a sample of 42 sub-Saharan African countries for the period 2003–2012, our findings reveal that only the EU’s output spillovers have a significant impact on sub-Saharan Africa’s growth: a 1% increase (decrease) in the EU’s output growth can lead to a 0.02% increase (decrease) in sub-Saharan Africa’s real GDP per capita. The results obtained from the panel threshold regression analysis indicate that this linkage is not conditional on the availability of natural resources, unlike the output spillovers from the US and China, which bear a positive impact only in countries with resource rents of at least 24.3% and 24.1%, respectively. These are mostly oil-abundant countries, implying that China’s motive for natural resources in Africa is not different from that of the US. While the resource rents threshold level of 24.3% can serve as the benchmark for natural resource management policies to benefit from both China and the US output spillovers, a diversified FDI is also encouraged to minimize the risk associated with the resource growth paradigm.

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