scholarly journals The Development Of Instructional Module Of Hybrid Approach Using Collaborative And Metacognitive (HybCoMet) Strategy As An Alternative Approach To Help Improving Generic Skills Among Students In Malaysian Polytechnics

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusmarwati Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Teaching Approach ◽  
Generic Skills ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Instructional Module ◽  
Traditional Approaches

This paper presents the development and design of a new alternative approach to teaching, which is referred to as a hybrid teaching approach. This teaching approach is developed to meet the challenges and academic needs of students learning technical subjects at polytechnic level in Malaysia. It is intended to help students improve their learning and deepen their understanding in learning the subjects matters. It is also to help students to emphasize positive attitudes in a wide range of skills that are critically needed in a workplace such as communication, thinking and interpersonal skills (Yusof, 2004). Accordingly, this paper describes a “hybrid” educational system which integrates collaborative and metacognitive strategies, involving the development, design and implementation of an instructional module which is entitled “ A Hybrid Approach Using Collaborative and Metacognitive (HybCoMet) Strategy : An Instructional Module for Polytechnics Lecturers”. The HybCoMet Instructional Module is designed as an alternative to the current teaching approaches which are hereinafter referred as ‘traditional approaches’. The strategy is intended to help students to learn in a meaningful way, by facilitating the assimilation of their knowledge prior to transfer it into real world situation. The purpose of the teaching module of HybCoMet Strategy is to encourage teachers to move away from the current teaching approach by which students are ‘fed’ facts and information (Wee, 2004). Even where there are some activities in a classroom, the teacher retains control over the procedure and learning process. Introducing HybCoMet strategy may allow teachers to experience a new role, as a facilitator who provides support and assistance and interferes only when necessary. The strategy could be beneficial for teachers preparing a lesson and was more effective at pointing teachers toward individual learning objectives. Therefore, it is expected that students could take control of the learning process and become more motivated and responsible for their own learning, and then will be able to prepare them for their future life. It was hoped to inculcate this learning mode into students’ educational environment to prepare them for real-life situations and provide opportunities for the optimal intellectual and academic development as well as their generic skills. The designed instructional module is hoping will contribute as a new pedagogical approach to the representation of hybrid system for technical education needs at the polytechnics level and supply as a comprehensive academic references and guidelines to the academician and will be beneficial to those who are interested.

Constitutive Modeling of Cartilaginous Tissues: A Review

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeike A. Taylor ◽  
Karol Miller
Keyword(s):  
Solid Mechanics ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Constitutive Models ◽  
Macroscopic Models ◽  
Cartilaginous Tissues ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Many ◽  
High Level ◽  
Traditional Approaches

An important and longstanding field of research in orthopedic biomechanics is the elucidation and mathematical modeling of the mechanical response of cartilaginous tissues. Traditional approaches have treated such tissues as continua and have described their mechanical response in terms of macroscopic models borrowed from solid mechanics. The most important of such models are the biphasic and single-phase viscoelastic models, and the many variations thereof. These models have reached a high level of maturity and have been successful in describing a wide range of phenomena. An alternative approach that has received considerable recent interest, both in orthopedic biomechanics and in other fields, is the description of mechanical response based on consideration of a tissue's structure—so-called microstructural modeling. Examples of microstructurally based approaches include fibril-reinforced biphasic models and homogenization approaches. A review of both macroscopic and microstructural constitutive models is given in the present work.

Task-Based Language Teaching

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-98
Author(s):  
Gökhan Kayır
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Communicative Language Teaching ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Teaching Approach ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
Teaching Models

Task-based language teaching is one of the newest language teaching models and has popularity among language teachers as it brings real-life situations to the classroom. Based on main principles of communicative language teaching approach, the method provides student-centered, flexible, and authentic real-life classroom environments. Not only the output but also input and learning processes are important for the teachers using this approach. Students are in the center of teaching and learning process, while the teachers are mentor and facilitator. The TBLT uses educational tasks to teach a language. Educational tasks are duties that are structured for an educational purpose. Each task has a language focus that can be assessed. As a result, having the flexibility and being a student-centered approach, TBLT will be used and adapted by many language instructors.

scholarly journals Clinicians’ Voices on a Disciplinary Approach to Teaching Clinical Communication in the Chinese Context: Priorities, Challenges, and Scope

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Pun
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Teaching Approach ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Clinical Communication ◽  
Chinese Context ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Medical Educators

Abstract Background: In the absence of a well-rounded syllabus to teach clinical communication, emphasising both interpersonal and medical dimensions, medical students in the early stages of their career may find it challenging to effectively communicate with patients, especially those from different cultural backgrounds. Aims: To explore the priorities, challenges and scope of teaching clinical communication in a Chinese context using a disciplinary approach, and to investigate how medical educators and clinicians teach clinical communication in their respective clinical disciplines. Design: Interpretative phenomenological analysis. Data sources: Nine medical educators, all experienced frontline clinicians from 7 clinical disciplines, were recruited from 7 Hong Kong hospitals and 2 medical schools. They were interviewed to seek their views on teaching clinical communication in the Chinese context, specifically its priorities, challenges, and scope. Results: The interview data revealed 5 themes related to the priorities, challenges, and scope of teaching clinical communication across a wide range of clinical disciplines in the Chinese context, namely (1) showing empathy with patients; (2) using technology as a modern teaching approach to combine medical and interpersonal dimensions; (3) shared decision-making, reflecting the influence of Chinese collectivism and cultural attitudes towards death on communication with patients and their families; (4) interdisciplinary communication between medical departments; and (5) the role of language in clinician–patient communication. Conclusions: Taking a disciplinary perspective, the clinicians in this study approached the complex nature of teaching clinical communication in the Chinese context in different ways. The findings illustrated the need to teach clinical communication using a disciplinary approach in addition to teaching it generically across specialties. This is particularly important in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), where clinicians frequently cooperate with physicians from other departments. This study also highlighted how non-verbal social cues, communication strategies, and the understanding of clinical communication in the Chinese context operate differently from those in the West, because of socio-cultural factors such as family dynamics and hierarchical social structures. We recommend a dynamic teaching approach using role-playing tasks, scenario-based examples, and similar activities to help medical students to establish well-rounded clinical communication experiences in preparation to overcome challenges in their future real-life clinical practice.

Home Learning in Times of COVID: Experiences of Parents

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelina Bhamani ◽  
Areeba Zainab Makhdoom ◽  
Vardah Bharuchi ◽  
Nasreen Ali ◽  
Sidra Kaleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
Google Docs ◽  
Learning Gap ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Home Learning ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Learning At Home ◽  
At Home

<p align="center"><em>The widespread prevalence of COVID-19 pandemic has affected academia and parents alike. Due to the sudden closure of schools, students are missing social interaction which is vital for better learning and grooming while most schools have started online classes. This has become a tough routine for the parents working online at home since they have to ensure their children’s education. The study presented was designed to explore the experiences of home learning in times of COVID-19. A descriptive qualitative study was planned to explore the experiences of parents about home learning and management during COVID-19 to get an insight into real-life experiences.  Purposive sampling technique was used for data collection.  Data were collected from 19 parents falling in the inclusion criteria. Considering the lockdown problem, the data were collected via Google docs form with open-ended questions related to COVID-19 and home learning. Three major themes emerged after the data analysis: impact of COVID on children learning; support given by schools; and strategies used by caregivers at home to support learning. It was analyzed that the entire nation and academicians around the world have come forward to support learning at home offering a wide range of free online avenues to support parents to facilitate home-learning. Furthermore, parents too have adapted quickly to address the learning gap that have emerged in their children’s learning in these challenging times. Measures should be adopted to provide essential learning skills to children at home. Centralized data dashboards and educational technology may be used to keep the students, parents and schools updated.</em></p>

scholarly journals Modeling In-Match Sports Dynamics Using the Evolving Probability Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4429
Author(s):  
Ana Šarčević ◽  
Damir Pintar ◽  
Mihaela Vranić ◽  
Ante Gojsalić
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Empirical Bayes ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Bayes Estimation ◽  
Probability Method ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
Sport Event ◽  
Insight Into

The prediction of sport event results has always drawn attention from a vast variety of different groups of people, such as club managers, coaches, betting companies, and the general population. The specific nature of each sport has an important role in the adaption of various predictive techniques founded on different mathematical and statistical models. In this paper, a common approach of modeling sports with a strongly defined structure and a rigid scoring system that relies on an assumption of independent and identical point distributions is challenged. It is demonstrated that such models can be improved by introducing dynamics into the match models in the form of sport momentums. Formal mathematical models for implementing these momentums based on conditional probability and empirical Bayes estimation are proposed, which are ultimately combined through a unifying hybrid approach based on the Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, the method is applied to real-life volleyball data demonstrating noticeable improvements over the previous approaches when it comes to predicting match outcomes. The method can be implemented into an expert system to obtain insight into the performance of players at different stages of the match or to study field scenarios that may arise under different circumstances.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review and Qualitative Synthesis Resulting in a Typology of Elementary Classroom Movement Integration Interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyridoula Vazou ◽  
Collin A. Webster ◽  
Gregory Stewart ◽  
Priscila Candal ◽  
Cate A. Egan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Teacher Collaboration ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Dose Intensity ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Movement Integration

Abstract Background/Objective Movement integration (MI) involves infusing physical activity into normal classroom time. A wide range of MI interventions have succeeded in increasing children’s participation in physical activity. However, no previous research has attempted to unpack the various MI intervention approaches. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review, qualitatively analyze, and develop a typology of MI interventions conducted in primary/elementary school settings. Subjects/Methods Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to identify published MI interventions. Irrelevant records were removed first by title, then by abstract, and finally by full texts of articles, resulting in 72 studies being retained for qualitative analysis. A deductive approach, using previous MI research as an a priori analytic framework, alongside inductive techniques were used to analyze the data. Results Four types of MI interventions were identified and labeled based on their design: student-driven, teacher-driven, researcher-teacher collaboration, and researcher-driven. Each type was further refined based on the MI strategies (movement breaks, active lessons, other: opening activity, transitions, reward, awareness), the level of intrapersonal and institutional support (training, resources), and the delivery (dose, intensity, type, fidelity). Nearly half of the interventions were researcher-driven, which may undermine the sustainability of MI as a routine practice by teachers in schools. An imbalance is evident on the MI strategies, with transitions, opening and awareness activities, and rewards being limitedly studied. Delivery should be further examined with a strong focus on reporting fidelity. Conclusions There are distinct approaches that are most often employed to promote the use of MI and these approaches may often lack a minimum standard for reporting MI intervention details. This typology may be useful to effectively translate the evidence into practice in real-life settings to better understand and study MI interventions.

scholarly journals Goal-driven active learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Bougie ◽  
Ryutaro Ichise
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Real World ◽  
Imitation Learning ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fixed Set ◽  
Complex Decision Making ◽  
Complex Decision

AbstractDeep reinforcement learning methods have achieved significant successes in complex decision-making problems. In fact, they traditionally rely on well-designed extrinsic rewards, which limits their applicability to many real-world tasks where rewards are naturally sparse. While cloning behaviors provided by an expert is a promising approach to the exploration problem, learning from a fixed set of demonstrations may be impracticable due to lack of state coverage or distribution mismatch—when the learner’s goal deviates from the demonstrated behaviors. Besides, we are interested in learning how to reach a wide range of goals from the same set of demonstrations. In this work we propose a novel goal-conditioned method that leverages very small sets of goal-driven demonstrations to massively accelerate the learning process. Crucially, we introduce the concept of active goal-driven demonstrations to query the demonstrator only in hard-to-learn and uncertain regions of the state space. We further present a strategy for prioritizing sampling of goals where the disagreement between the expert and the policy is maximized. We evaluate our method on a variety of benchmark environments from the Mujoco domain. Experimental results show that our method outperforms prior imitation learning approaches in most of the tasks in terms of exploration efficiency and average scores.

scholarly journals Machine learning for multi-dimensional optimisation and predictive visualisation of laser machining

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. T. McDonnell ◽  
Daniel Arnaldo ◽  
Etienne Pelletier ◽  
James A. Grant-Jacob ◽  
Matthew Praeger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Pulse ◽  
Surface Texturing ◽  
Laser Surface Texturing ◽  
Laser Machining ◽  
Laser Materials ◽  
Parameter Optimisation ◽  
Short Pulse Laser ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractInteractions between light and matter during short-pulse laser materials processing are highly nonlinear, and hence acutely sensitive to laser parameters such as the pulse energy, repetition rate, and number of pulses used. Due to this complexity, simulation approaches based on calculation of the underlying physical principles can often only provide a qualitative understanding of the inter-relationships between these parameters. An alternative approach such as parameter optimisation, often requires a systematic and hence time-consuming experimental exploration over the available parameter space. Here, we apply neural networks for parameter optimisation and for predictive visualisation of expected outcomes in laser surface texturing with blind vias for tribology control applications. Critically, this method greatly reduces the amount of experimental laser machining data that is needed and associated development time, without negatively impacting accuracy or performance. The techniques presented here could be applied in a wide range of fields and have the potential to significantly reduce the time, and the costs associated with laser process optimisation.

scholarly journals EXPLORIA, a New Way to Teach Maths at University Level as Part of Everything

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1082
Author(s):  
Pantaleón D. Romero ◽  
Nicolas Montes ◽  
Sara Barquero ◽  
Paula Aloy ◽  
Teresa Ferrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Teaching Methodology ◽  
Colour Space ◽  
Engineering Degree ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
University Level ◽  
Academic Results

The main objective of this article has been to evaluate the effect that the implementation of the EXPLORIA project has had on the Engineering Degree in Industrial Design and Product Development. The EXPLORIA project aims to develop an integrated competence map of the learning process, where the subjects are no longer considered as isolated contents, by elaborating an integrated learning process where the competences and learning outcomes of the subjects are considered as a whole, global and comprehensive learning. The EXPLORIA project connects the competencies of the different STEAM subjects that make up the degree, designing a learning process as a logical, sequential and incremental itinerary. Through concepts on which the foundations of design are based—shape, volume, colour, space and structure—the competencies of the different subjects are defined in incremental learning levels: understanding, applying, experimenting and developing, all taken from Bloom’s taxonomy. Mathematics is linked to the rest of learning through active learning methodologies that make learning useful. This new methodology changes the student’s affective domain towards mathematics in which positive emotions are transformed into positive attitudes that will improve the learning result and therefore, the students’ academic results. To validate it, at the end of the paper, the academic results compared with previous years are shown, as well as an ad hoc survey of the students’ assessment of the new teaching methodology.

scholarly journals Estimating the number of usability problems affecting medical devices: modelling the discovery matrix

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Vandewalle ◽  
Alexandre Caron ◽  
Coralie Delettrez ◽  
Renaud Périchon ◽  
Sylvia Pelayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Usability Testing ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Usability Problems ◽  
Usability Problem ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Problem Detection

Abstract Background Usability testing of medical devices are mandatory for market access. The testings’ goal is to identify usability problems that could cause harm to the user or limit the device’s effectiveness. In practice, human factor engineers study participants under actual conditions of use and list the problems encountered. This results in a binary discovery matrix in which each row corresponds to a participant, and each column corresponds to a usability problem. One of the main challenges in usability testing is estimating the total number of problems, in order to assess the completeness of the discovery process. Today’s margin-based methods fit the column sums to a binomial model of problem detection. However, the discovery matrix actually observed is truncated because of undiscovered problems, which corresponds to fitting the marginal sums without the zeros. Margin-based methods fail to overcome the bias related to truncation of the matrix. The objective of the present study was to develop and test a matrix-based method for estimating the total number of usability problems. Methods The matrix-based model was based on the full discovery matrix (including unobserved columns) and not solely on a summary of the data (e.g. the margins). This model also circumvents a drawback of margin-based methods by simultaneously estimating the model’s parameters and the total number of problems. Furthermore, the matrix-based method takes account of a heterogeneous probability of detection, which reflects a real-life setting. As suggested in the usability literature, we assumed that the probability of detection had a logit-normal distribution. Results We assessed the matrix-based method’s performance in a range of settings reflecting real-life usability testing and with heterogeneous probabilities of problem detection. In our simulations, the matrix-based method improved the estimation of the number of problems (in terms of bias, consistency, and coverage probability) in a wide range of settings. We also applied our method to five real datasets from usability testing. Conclusions Estimation models (and particularly matrix-based models) are of value in estimating and monitoring the detection process during usability testing. Matrix-based models have a solid mathematical grounding and, with a view to facilitating the decision-making process for both regulators and device manufacturers, should be incorporated into current standards.

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