Utilization of Mosquito Nets and Malaria Related Under-Five Mortality in Abia State, Nigeria

In spite of huge global investments in the production and distribution of mosquito nets to protect people from malaria; it has continued to militate against the reduction of mortality in Nigeria. The study, therefore, examined the nexus between utilization of mosquito nets and malaria related under-five health outcome. Two local government areas were randomly selected from each of the three senatorial districts, and stratified along urban and rural communities. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 609 mothers within childbearing age and who had under-five children across the communities. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests and logistic regression at p<0.05, and thematic content analysis were used for data analyses. The respondents’ age was 32.6±5.8 years, 84.6% were married/living together, 55.0% had secondary education, while 42.7% were in paid/civil service jobs. Under-five mortality was 19.3% higher amongst rural than urban dwellers. Ownership of mosquito nets (treated or untreated) varied by place of residence with 60.1% and 39.9% for urban and rural areas respectively. About 62% of the dead under-five children never slept under mosquito nets. The likelihood of under-five mortality significantly increased by nonownership of mosquito nets (Odds-Ratio (OR): 2.476) and reduced by number of mosquito nets (OR: 0.278). Wrong methods adopted by mothers in using mosquito nets, was deduced as a contributory factor causing underfive mortality for home with fewer nets. Information on the proper use of the mosquito nets would help achieve the goal of universal access for the atrisk populations of children under age five and pregnant women.

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WASH Practices and Its Association With Disease and Nutritional Status of Under Five Children: Evidence From Rural Bangladesh

10.20944/preprints202201.0187.v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Abdul Kuddus ◽

Atiqur Rahman Sunny ◽

Mizanur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Disease Outbreaks ◽

Nutrition Status ◽

Chi Square ◽

Under Five ◽

Knowledge And Practice ◽

Diseased State ◽

Nutritional Status Of Children

This study aimed to assess knowledge and practice of caregivers and its relationship to the disease and nutritional status of children under five years of age in rural areas of Sylhet, Bangladesh. A total of 110 households having 6 to 59 months aged children was selected by simple random method from ten rural communities of three Upazila of Sylhet during September 2019 to February 2020. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the WASH knowledge & practice and multivariate chi-square analyses were performed to assess associations among diseases & nutritional status with WASH following a structured questionnaire. The study found a significant association of WASH with childhood disease and nutritional status, and 65% of children were found to be in a diseased state and 35% of children were found to be in a disease-free state within the last six months. The findings sketched that mother with poor wash knowledge and practice was at greater risk for disease outbreaks, disease frequency and duration. The highest incidence of diarrhea was 17% in children aged 12 to 23 months. Significant effect of WASH was also found in children nutrition status, that was reflected in the ratio of stunted, underweight and wasted children. Integrated convergent work focusing on the provision of clean water within the household, stop open defecation, promotion of hand washing, behavior change and poverty alleviation is needed to improve the situation. Health, nutrition and livelihood programs should be uninterrupted, and mothers or caregivers should be encouraged to participate in these programs.

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Analisis Faktor Keteraturan Ibu dalam Menimbang Balita di Posyandu

Journal of Health and Behavioral Science ◽

10.35508/jhbs.v1i3.2094 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Florani Asanab ◽

Ribka Limbu ◽

Enjelita M. Ndoen

Keyword(s):

Health Workers ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Chi Square Test

Mothers’ regularity of weighing their children aged <5 yo at Posyandu is crucial to monitor the growth, nutritional status, and health of the children. Several factors could affect mothers’ regularity in weighing their children at Posyandu. This study aimed to identify factors affecting mothers to regularly measure the weight of their children <5 yo at Posyandu in Toobaun Village Kupang District. The study used an analytical survey with a cross-sectional study design. The sample was 57 mothers who had under-five children obtained by simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through interviews using questionnaires and analyzed using the chi-square test. The result showed that knowledge (p= 0,002) and distance home-posyandu (p=0,000) associated with mothers’ regularity of weighing their under-five children, while mother’s occupation had no association with mothers’ regularity of weighing their children( p=0,091). Health workers should encourage mothers to measure regularly the weight of their under-five children at Posyandu.

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HUBUNGAN KEPEMILIKAN JAMBAN TERHADAP KEJADIAN DIARE PADA BALITA DI KOTA BANJARMASIN

Jurnal Publikasi Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia ◽

10.20527/jpkmi.v7i1.8674 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Kasman Kasman ◽

Nuning Irnawulan Ishak

Keyword(s):

Statistical Tests ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Septic Tank ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Multistage Sampling

ABSTRAKSetiap anak mengalami episode serangan diare rata-rata 3,3 kali setiap tahun. Lebih kurang 80% kematian terjadi pada anak berusia kurang dari dua tahun. Penyakit diare merupakan salah satu penyakit yang banyak terjadi di Kota Banjarmasin. Penyebabnya diduga karena Kondisi sanitasi lingkungan yang tidak baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penggunaan jamban terhadap kejadian diare pada anak balita di Kota Banjarmasin. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh anak balita yang ada di Kota Banjarmasin sebanyak 54.746 balita. Teknik penarikan sampel secara multistage sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 188 balita. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada Bulan Juni sampai Agustus 2018 dengan wawancara langsung pada responden menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik Chi Square. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 22,9% anak balita yang menderita diare. Sebagian besar (97,9%) responden telah memiliki Jamban dengan jenis jamban menggunakan tangki septic 94,6%. Terdapat 19% jamban dengan kondisi yang tidak baik. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kepemilikan jamban (p-value=0,038) dan kondisi jamban (p-value =0,000) terhadap kejadian Diare pada Balita di Kota Banjarmasin. Diharapkan kepada masyarakat untuk memperhatikan kebersihan jamban.Kata-kata kunci : Diare, Balita, Penyakit infeksi, JambanABSTRACTEach child experiences episodes of diarrhea attack an average of 3.3 times each year. Approximately 80% of deaths occur in children aged less than two years. Diarrhea is one of the many diseases that occur in Banjarmasin. The cause is thought to be due to poor environmental sanitation. This study aims to analyze the use of latrines on the incidence of diarrhea in under-five children in Banjarmasin. The design of this study used a cross-sectional design. The study population was all toddlers in Banjarmasin of 54,746 toddlers. The sampling technique was multistage sampling with a total sample of 188 toddlers. Data collection was conducted from June to August 2018 with an interview with the respondent directly using a questionnaire. Data analysis using Chi-Square statistical tests. The results of this study indicate that there were 22.9% of children under five suffering from diarrhea. Most (97.9%) of respondents have had latrines in the type of latrine using a 94.6% septic tank. There is a significant relationship between latrine ownership (p-value= 0.038) and latrine condition (p-value= 0,000) to the incidence of diarrhea in children under five in Banjarmasin City. It is expected the public to pay attention to hygiene latrine.Keywords: Diarrhea, under-five children, infectious diseases, latrines

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Socio-epidemiological study of malnutrition and associated risk factors among under five children in rural Rajasthan

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20210876 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 774

Author(s):

Anjana Verma ◽

Dhriti Chugh ◽

Ashish Patyal ◽

Jitendra Kumar Meena ◽

Medha Mathur

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

World Health ◽

Sociocultural Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

Study Population

Background: Malnutrition continues to be a major problem in India and is rightfully described as “the silent emergency.” Sociocultural factors and rural urban disparity in health services in our country further impact the health outcomes. The effects of malnutrition are long-term and trap generations in the vicious circle of poverty. Improving nutrition is therefore essential to accelerate economic growth and development of the country.Methods: It was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted among 200 under five children residing in rural Udaipur, Rajasthan. Random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. A structured validated questionnaire was used to collect socio demographic data, birth history, Anganwadi beneficiary status etc. Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC), weight and heights were recorded and classified as underweight, wasted and stunted, using standard World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines.Results: This study revealed that 58% of the study population was stunted, 45% was wasted, 54% was underweight and 5% was overweight of the study population was overweight. Regarding the association of malnutrition parameters with other factors, it was found that malnutrition was high among female children, lower socioeconomic class, children of low educated mothers and children who were not exclusively breast fed.Conclusions: To combat malnutrition in India, there is need of multifaceted approach, taking into account the sociocultural determinants, demographic variables, especially in rural areas. In addition to providing supplementary nutrition, innovations regarding specific interventions targeted towards vulnerable population is necessary.

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KEPEMILIKAN JAMBAN TERHADAP KEJADIAN DIARE PADA BALITA DI KOTA BANJARMASIN

Jurnal Publikasi Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia ◽

10.20527/jpkmi.v7i1.8790 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Kasman Kasman ◽

Nuning Irnawulan Ishak

Keyword(s):

Statistical Tests ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Septic Tank ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Multistage Sampling

ABSTRAK Setiap anak mengalami episode serangan diare rata-rata 3,3 kali setiap tahun. Lebih kurang 80% kematian terjadi pada anak berusia kurang dari dua tahun. Penyakit diare merupakan salah satu penyakit yang banyak terjadi di Kota Banjarmasin. Penyebabnya diduga karena Kondisi sanitasi lingkungan yang tidak baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penggunaan jamban terhadap kejadian diare pada anak balita di Kota Banjarmasin. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh anak balita yang ada di Kota Banjarmasin sebanyak 54.746 balita. Teknik penarikan sampel secara multistage sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 188 balita. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada Bulan Juni sampai Agustus 2018 dengan wawancara langsung pada responden menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik Chi Square. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 22,9% anak balita yang menderita diare. Sebagian besar (97,9%) responden telah memiliki Jamban dengan jenis jamban menggunakan tangki septik 94,6%. Terdapat 19% jamban dengan kondisi yang tidak baik. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kepemilikan jamban (p-value=0,038) dan kondisi jamban (p-value=0,000) terhadap kejadian diare pada Balita di Kota Banjarmasin. Diharapkan kepada masyarakat untuk memperhatikan kebersihan jamban. Kata-kata kunci : Diare, anak, Balita, Penyakit, infeksi, Jamban. ABSTRACT Each child experiences episodes of diarrhea attack an average of 3.3 times each year. Approximately 80% of deaths occur in children aged less than two years. Diarrhea is one of the many diseases that occur in Banjarmasin. The cause is thought to be due to poor environmental sanitation. This study aims to analyze the use of latrines on the incidence of diarrhea in under-five children in Banjarmasin. The design of this study used a cross-sectional design. The study population was all toddlers in Banjarmasin of 54,746 toddlers. The sampling technique was multistage sampling with a total sample of 188 toddlers. Data collection was conducted from June to August 2018 with an interview with the respondent directly using a questionnaire. Data analysis using Chi-Square statistical tests. The results of this study indicate that there were 22.9% of children under five suffering from diarrhea. Most (97.9%) of respondents have had latrines in the type of latrine using a 94.6% septic tank. There is a significant relationship between latrine ownership (p-value= 0.038) and latrine condition (p-value=0,000) to the incidence of diarrhea in children under five in Banjarmasin City. It is expected the public to pay attention to hygiene latrine. Keywords: Diarrhea, children, under-five children, infectious, diseases, latrines

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Vaccine-related knowledge and utilization of childhood immunization among mothers in urban Lagos

Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics ◽

10.4314/njp.v47i3.13 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 270-276

Author(s):

J.O. Omomila ◽

A.O. Ogunyemi ◽

O.J. Kanma-Okafor ◽

B.E. Ogunnowo

Keyword(s):

Health Workers ◽

Urban Community ◽

Immunization Coverage ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Good Knowledge ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Survey Tool ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children

Background: Immunization is the single most costeffective preventive health intervention which saves the lives of 2 -3 million children annually. Theunsatisfactory immunization coverage numbers have unsurprisingly resulted in abysmal child mortality figures across the country. This study aims to assess mother’s knowledge and immunization utilization among underfives in an urban community. Methods: A descriptive crosssectional study was carried out among 232 mothers of under- five children in an urban community in Lagos State. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the respondents. A semistructured interviewer administered questionnaire was used as the survey tool for data collection and a checklist for sighted immunization cards. The entry and analysis of the data was done using EPI – Info Version 7.2.1.0 software computer program. Chi square was used to test association. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: All respondents were aware of immunization. Just over half (53.9%) of the respondents had good knowledge about immunization. Less than half (42.5%) of the under-five children were fully immunized. The vaccines most missed were oral polio and pentavalent vaccines. There was a statistically significant association between knowledge of mothers and the immunization status of their children (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results indicate that mothers with good knowledge of different aspects of immunization were more likely to have fully vaccinated children. It is recommended that health workers enlighten mothers on the benefit of each vaccine. Key words: Immunization, Underfive, Utilization, Vaccination, Knowledge

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Unimproved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and common childhood illness in Myanmar: evidence from a nationally representative survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-36037/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lubna Naz ◽

Umesh Ghimire

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Childhood Illness ◽

Chi Square ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Childhood Illnesses ◽

Bivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Unsafe Water

Abstract Background Inadequate Water, Hygiene and Sanitation (WASH) is one of the major risk factors of common childhood illness - namely, diarrhea, cough, fever, and acute respiratory infection, in many Southeast Asian countries. This study aims to analyze the relationship between WASH-related indicators and common childhood illnesses; cough, fever and diarrhea among under-five children in Myanmar. Methods The data of 4,815 under-fives was extracted from the first Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16. Chi-square test was used to determine association between WASH and sociodemographic variables and each common childhood illness. The bivariate logistic regression was used to obtain the unadjusted odds of cough, fever, and diarrhea for each wash indicator, i.e., Unimproved toilet, access to unsafe water, and unsafe feces disposal. Further multivariate regression was employed and adjusted odd ratios were obtained of each common childhood illness after accounting for all wash indicators. Results Among under-five children, 16.2% suffered from cough, 16% suffered from fever, and 10.4% from diarrhea. Unimproved toilet facility was associated with cough (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 1.15, 95% CI:0.86, 1.22), and fever (AOR 1.03, 95% CI:0.86,1.23) among children. Children from households practicing unimproved child feces disposal had 21%, 18%, and 52% higher odds of experiencing cough (95% CI:1.12, 1.31), fever (95% CI: 0.99,1.29), and diarrhea (95% CI:1.21, 1.68), respectively. A combination of unimproved water, toilet and child feces disposal facilities was associated with cough (AOR 1.34, 95% CI:1.03, 1.73), fever (AOR 1.12, 95% CI:0.86, 1.19) and diarrhea (AOR 1.18, 95% CI:0.95, 1.29). Conclusion Inadequate improved WASH significantly contributed to common childhood illnesses among children in Myanmar. Findings suggest that WASH interventions should be targeted to the poor and rural areas where the prevalence of both childhood illnesses and unimproved WASH facilities were reportedly high.

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Determinants of Malnutrition in Under-five Children in Angola, Malawi and Senegal

The Open Public Health Journal ◽

10.2174/1874944502013010055 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 55-61

Author(s):

Chris Khulu ◽

Shaun Ramroop

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Primary Education ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Linear Mixed Model ◽

Wealth Index ◽

Chi Square ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Poor Households

Introduction: Malnutrition is one of the leading causes of under-five mortality globally. With the estimated target of reducing mortality in this age group by 2030, understanding and determining the factors contributing to child mortality are critical. Methods: The current study used Demographic Health Survey (DHS) data from Angola (2016), Malawi (2016) and Senegal (2016). The DHS data for under-five children from these three countries were then combined in this study to create a pooled sample. This method allows for a comparison and generalization of the results across countries and has also been used in previous studies. The dependent variables (severely nourished, moderately nourished and nourished) were developed by using calculated Weight-for-age Z-scores (WAZ) from DHS data. The exploratory analysis was conducted by performing a gamma measure and chi-square test of independence to evaluate the association between malnutrition status and covariates. Results & Discussion: Based on the generalized linear mixed model, the type of residence, sex of the child, age of the child, mother’s level of education, birth interval, wealth index and the birth order are correlated to malnutrition in Angola, Malawi and Senegal. Children who are from rural communities, poor households, with a mother having attained primary education, are female and are between the age of 24 and 59 months are associated with malnutrition. The results of the study suggest that children from these three countries who reside with mothers who have attained only primary education are at the highest risk of being affected by malnutrition. Conclusion: The results show the necessity of collaboration among the three countries in order to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target.

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A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge regarding Prevention and Management of Water Borne Diseases among mothers of under five Children in selected areas of Mehsana

Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research ◽

10.52711/2349-2996.2021.00091 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 381-383

Author(s):

Manthankumar N. Kapadiya

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Data Collection ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Causes And Risk Factors ◽

Water Borne

A quantitative approach was used to assess the knowledge regarding prevention and management of water borne diseases among mothers of under five children. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the mothers of under five children for study.100 samples collected from selected areas of mehsana. The duration of data collection was 1 day. The results of the study revealed that majority of the study sample (58.63%) have average knowledge regarding water borne diseases, 71.5% of the study sample having knowledge about causes and risk factors of Water borne diseases, 68.22% of the study sample having knowledge about prevention of Water borne diseases and 70.36% of the study sample having knowledge about management of Water borne diseases.

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Association Between Household Air Pollution and Infant and Child Mortality in Myanmar: Evidence From The First Demographic and Health Survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-152520/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Juwel Rana ◽

Md Nuruzzaman Khan ◽

Rakibul M Islam ◽

Razia Aliani ◽

Youssef Oulhote

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Child Mortality ◽

Health Survey ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Household Air Pollution ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

High Exposure ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children

Abstract Background: Household air pollution (HAP) from solid fuel use (SFU) for cooking has been considered a public health threat, particularly for women and children in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), with limited evidence. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of HAP on neonatal, infant, and under-five child mortality in Myanmar. Methods: This cross-sectional study employed data from the Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS), the first nationally representative survey conducted in 2016. Data were collected from MDHS based on stratified two-stage cluster sampling design applied in urban and rural areas. The sample consists of 3249 under-five children in the household with a 98% response rate. Exposure measures were HAP (coal and biomass) and level of exposure to HAP (no exposure, moderate and high exposure). The main outcomes were neonatal, infant, and under-five child mortality reported by mothers presented in rates and risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals, accounting for survey weight and cluster variation. Results: The prevalence of SFU was 79.0%. The neonatal, infant and under-five child mortality rates were 26, 45, and 49 per 1,000 live births, respectively. The risks of infant (aRR 2.02; 95% CI: 1.01-4.05) and under-five mortality (aRR 2.16; 95% CI: 1.07-4.36) mortality were higher among children from households with SFU compared to children from households using clean fuel. When applying an augmented measure of exposure to HAP by incorporating SFU and the kitchen's location, the likelihoods of infant and under-five mortality were even higher among moderate and highly exposed children than unexposed children with similar trends. Neonatal mortality was not associated with either HAP exposure or levels of exposure to HAP.Conclusion: Infants and under-five children are at higher risk of mortality from exposure to HAP. Increasing access to cookstoves and clean fuels is imperative to reduce the risk of infant and under-five child mortality in LMICs, including Myanmar.

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