Socio-epidemiological study of malnutrition and associated risk factors among under five children in rural Rajasthan

Background: Malnutrition continues to be a major problem in India and is rightfully described as “the silent emergency.” Sociocultural factors and rural urban disparity in health services in our country further impact the health outcomes. The effects of malnutrition are long-term and trap generations in the vicious circle of poverty. Improving nutrition is therefore essential to accelerate economic growth and development of the country.Methods: It was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted among 200 under five children residing in rural Udaipur, Rajasthan. Random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. A structured validated questionnaire was used to collect socio demographic data, birth history, Anganwadi beneficiary status etc. Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC), weight and heights were recorded and classified as underweight, wasted and stunted, using standard World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines.Results: This study revealed that 58% of the study population was stunted, 45% was wasted, 54% was underweight and 5% was overweight of the study population was overweight. Regarding the association of malnutrition parameters with other factors, it was found that malnutrition was high among female children, lower socioeconomic class, children of low educated mothers and children who were not exclusively breast fed.Conclusions: To combat malnutrition in India, there is need of multifaceted approach, taking into account the sociocultural determinants, demographic variables, especially in rural areas. In addition to providing supplementary nutrition, innovations regarding specific interventions targeted towards vulnerable population is necessary.

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THE CORRELATION BETWEEN PARENT KNOWLEDGE AND INJURY PREVENTION PRACTICES ON UNDER-FIVES

Midwifery Journal Jurnal Kebidanan UM Mataram ◽

10.31764/mj.v4i1.567 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 4

Author(s):

Intan Mutiara Putri

Keyword(s):

Injury Prevention ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

The United States ◽

World Health ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Risk Of Injury ◽

Level Of Knowledge

Abstract: Injury is still one of the problems that need special attention because high mortality rate caused by injuries is still quite high. According to report of World Health Organization (WHO), from 5.8 million deaths worldwide, more than 3 million deaths among them occurred in developing countries due to the incidence of injuries. By analyzing the characteristics of the development, toddlers are more at risk of injury than adults. Injury results in 42% of deaths in children aged 1-4 years in the United States. Knowledge about the risk of injury and the practice of its prevention as well as handling is needed to parents who have under-fives children, so they can provide appropriate action. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between the level of knowledge and the practice of injury prevention in under-five children in Bangunjiwo Kasihan Bantul Yogyakarta. This study used a descriptive observational method with a cross sectional approach with a quantitative approach. The sampling technique applied the cluster random sampling method obtained by Anggrek Bulan Maternal Care at Kalangan Village. The numbers of samples were 90 under-five children. Bivariate statistical analysis employed Chi Square test. The results of the statistical test showed that there was a correlation between the level of knowledge and the practice of injury prevention in under-five children in Bangunjiwo Kasihan Bantul, Yogyakarta (p-value = 0.016). Thus, midwives need to improve health counseling for parents who have under-five children about the risk of injury to children, so parents have good knowledge regarding children's health, especially regarding the risk of injuries that can occur to children.

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Manuscript title: Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among under-five children residing in urban slums and rural area, Maharashtra, India: a community-based cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-15651/v7 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sujata Kapil Murarkar ◽

Jayashree Sachin Gothankar ◽

Prakash Doke ◽

Prasad Pore ◽

Sanjay Lalwani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Economic Status ◽

Urban Slums ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children

Abstract BackgroundUndernutrition among under five children in India is a major public health problem.Despite India’s growth in the economy, the child mortality rate due to undernutrition is still high in both urban and rural areas.Studies that focus on urban slums are scarce. Hence the present study was carried out to assess the prevalence and determinants of undernutrition in children under five in Maharashtra, India.Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 16 randomly selected clusters in two districts of Maharashtra state, India. Data were collected through house to house survey by interviewing mothers of under five children. Total 2929 mothers and their 3,671 under five children were covered. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify the determinants of child nutritional status seperately in urban and rural areas. ResultsThe mean age of the children was 2.38 years (±SD 1.36) and mean age of mothers was 24.25 years (± SD 6.37).Overall prevalence of stunting among children under five was 45.9 %, wasting was 17.1% and 35.4% children were underweight.Prevalence of wasting, stunting and underweight were more seen in an urban slum than a rural area.In the rural areas exclusive breast feeding(p<0.001) and acute diarrhea (p=0.001) were associated with wasting, children with birth order 2 or less than 2 were associated with stunting and exclusive breast feeding (p<0.05) and low maternal education were associated with underweight. Whereas in the urban slums exclusive breast feeding(p<0.05) was associated with wasting, sex of the child (p<0.05) and type of family(p<0.05)were associated with stunting,and low income of the family(p<0.05) was associated with underweight.ConclusionsFactors like sex of the child, birth order,exclusive breast feeding ,economic status of the family, type of family,acute diarrhea and maternal education have influence on nutritional status of the child. Improvement of maternal education will improve the nutritional status of the child. Strategies are needed to improve the economic status of the community.Trial registration-Trial registration number:CTRI/2017/12/010881;Registration date:14/12/2017. Retrospectively registered.

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Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among under-five children residing in urban slums and rural area, Maharashtra, India: a community-based cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-15651/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sujata Kapil Murarkar ◽

Jayashree Sachin Gothankar ◽

Prakash Doke ◽

Prasad Pore ◽

Sanjay Lalwani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Urban Slums ◽

Trial Registration ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children

Abstract Background Undernutrition among under five children in India is a major public health problem.Despite India’s growth in the economy, the child mortality rate due to undernutrition is still high in both urban and rural areas.Studies that focus on urban slums are scarce. Hence the present study was carried out to assess the prevalence and determinants of undernutrition in children under five in Maharashtra, India.Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 16 randomly selected clusters in two districts of Maharashtra state, India. Data were collected through house to house survey by interviewing mothers of under five children. Total 2929 mothers and their 3,671 under five children were covered. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify the determinants of child nutritional status seperately in urban and rural areas. Results The mean age of the children was 2.38years (±SD 1.365) and mean age of mothers was 24.25(± SD6.37) years.Overall prevalence of stunting among children under five was 45.9 %, wasting was 17.1% and 35.4% children were underweight.Prevalence of wasting, stunting and underweight were more seen in an urban slum than a rural area.In the rural areas exclusive breast feeding(p<0.001) and acute diarrhea (p=0.001)in children underfive were associated with wasting, children with birth order 2 or less than 2 were more affected by stunting and exclusive breast feeding (p<0.05) and low maternal education were associated with underweight.Whereas in the urban slums exclusive breast feeding(p<0.05) was associated with wasting, sex of the child (p<0.05) and type of family(p<0.05)were associated with stunting,and low income of the family(p<0.05) was associated with underweight.Conclusion Factors like sex of the child, birth order,exclusive breast feeding ,economic status of the family, type of family,acute diarrhea and maternal education have influence on nutritional status of the child. Improvement of maternal education will improve the nutritional status of the child. Strategies are needed to improve the economic status of the community.The trial registration-This article is part of baseline data of the project, hence not related to trial registration. After baseline data principal investigator had done trial registration retrospectively.

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Diarrhea Prevention Practice and Associated Factors among Caregivers of Under-Five Children in Enemay District, Northwest Ethiopia

Journal of Environmental and Public Health ◽

10.1155/2019/5490716 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Melese Dubie Agegnehu ◽

Liknaw Bewket Zeleke ◽

Yitayal Ayalew Goshu ◽

Yonas Lamore Ortibo ◽

Yohannes Mehretie Adinew

Keyword(s):

Family Size ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Diarrheal Disease ◽

Good Practice ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children

Background. Diarrhea is the leading cause of mortality among infants and children younger than 5 years of age in both underdeveloped and developing countries. Factors determining the occurrence of diarrhea in children are complex, and the relative contribution of each factor varies as a function of interaction between socioeconomic, environmental, and behavioral variables. Objectives. To assess diarrhea prevention practice and associated factors of diarrheal disease among caregivers who have under-five children in Enemay district, Ethiopia, 2018. Methods. Community-based cross-sectional study was done from June 1–30, 2018, among 398 caregivers who have under-five children, in the Enemay district that were selected by using the simple random sampling technique. A structured and pretested data collection tool was used to collect the data. Data were entered using EPI DATA version 4.2, and analysis was done using SPSS version 20 statistical package to be cleaned and analyzed. Descriptive analysis was done to describe study participants, and logistic regression (bivariable and multivariable) analysis was done to identify factors that have association with the dependent variable. The P value was less than 0.05. Results. A total of 398 with a response rate of 97% under-five caregivers were participated in this study. Nearly, half (48.7%) of the participants were in the age group 25–34. The study revealed that good practice of diarrhea prevention was 52.8%. This study was also identified that occupation (AOR: 3.922, 95% CI: 1.593, 9.657), family size (AOR: 0.088, 95% CI: 0.009, 0.916), and understanding on diarrhea (AOR: 0.237, 95% CI: 0.091, 0.613) were associated factors of diarrhea prevention practice of under-five children caregivers. Conclusion. This finding showed that diarrhea prevention practice among under-five children caregivers was low and prevention practice was significantly associated with caregivers’ awareness on frequency of diarrhea in a day, occupation, and family size in a house.

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Knowledge of Factors Contributing to Child Malnutrition among Mothers of Under-five Children in Sokoto Metropolis, North-West Nigeria

Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care ◽

10.4314/jcmphc.v32i2.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 17-26

Author(s):

I.A. Raji ◽

A.U. Abubakar ◽

M.M. Bello ◽

A.Z. Ezenwoko ◽

Z.B. Suleiman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Education ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Child Malnutrition ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

North West ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children

Background: Malnutrition remains a killer of children, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Nigeria, malnutrition is among the top five killers of children under five years of age. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of factors contributing to child malnutrition among mothers of under-fives.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 347 mothers of under-five children who were selected using a multistage sampling technique from January to March 2018. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS® version 20.0. Descriptive statistics, crude and adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) in cross-tabulation and binary logistic regression analysis, respectively, were estimated.Results: More than half, 198 (57.0%) were aged 40 years and below. Most, 324 (93.4%) of the respondents were Hausas, with only 45 (13.0%) having tertiary education. Majority of the respondents, 326 (93.9%) knew that diarrhoea-causing diseases could lead to malnutrition. About two-thirds, 222 (64.0%) knew that deworming could protect a child from malnutrition. Less than half, 169 (48.7%) did not know that overeating starchy food can cause malnutrition. Overall, majority 216 [62.2% (95% CI = 56.9% - 67.4%)] of the respondents had good knowledge of factors associated with malnutrition. There were no statistically significant predictors of knowledge of factors contributing to malnutrition.Conclusion: Mothers of under-five children in Sokoto metropolis had a high level of knowledge of the factors contributing to child malnutrition. However, there is still a need to continue educating mothers of under-five children on the importance of maintaining proper nutrition for their children. Keywords: Awareness; Factors; Knowledge; Malnutrition; Mothers; Under-five

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Analisis Faktor Keteraturan Ibu dalam Menimbang Balita di Posyandu

Journal of Health and Behavioral Science ◽

10.35508/jhbs.v1i3.2094 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Florani Asanab ◽

Ribka Limbu ◽

Enjelita M. Ndoen

Keyword(s):

Health Workers ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Chi Square Test

Mothers’ regularity of weighing their children aged <5 yo at Posyandu is crucial to monitor the growth, nutritional status, and health of the children. Several factors could affect mothers’ regularity in weighing their children at Posyandu. This study aimed to identify factors affecting mothers to regularly measure the weight of their children <5 yo at Posyandu in Toobaun Village Kupang District. The study used an analytical survey with a cross-sectional study design. The sample was 57 mothers who had under-five children obtained by simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through interviews using questionnaires and analyzed using the chi-square test. The result showed that knowledge (p= 0,002) and distance home-posyandu (p=0,000) associated with mothers’ regularity of weighing their under-five children, while mother’s occupation had no association with mothers’ regularity of weighing their children( p=0,091). Health workers should encourage mothers to measure regularly the weight of their under-five children at Posyandu.

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HUBUNGAN KEPEMILIKAN JAMBAN TERHADAP KEJADIAN DIARE PADA BALITA DI KOTA BANJARMASIN

Jurnal Publikasi Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia ◽

10.20527/jpkmi.v7i1.8674 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Kasman Kasman ◽

Nuning Irnawulan Ishak

Keyword(s):

Statistical Tests ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Septic Tank ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Multistage Sampling

ABSTRAKSetiap anak mengalami episode serangan diare rata-rata 3,3 kali setiap tahun. Lebih kurang 80% kematian terjadi pada anak berusia kurang dari dua tahun. Penyakit diare merupakan salah satu penyakit yang banyak terjadi di Kota Banjarmasin. Penyebabnya diduga karena Kondisi sanitasi lingkungan yang tidak baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penggunaan jamban terhadap kejadian diare pada anak balita di Kota Banjarmasin. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh anak balita yang ada di Kota Banjarmasin sebanyak 54.746 balita. Teknik penarikan sampel secara multistage sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 188 balita. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada Bulan Juni sampai Agustus 2018 dengan wawancara langsung pada responden menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik Chi Square. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 22,9% anak balita yang menderita diare. Sebagian besar (97,9%) responden telah memiliki Jamban dengan jenis jamban menggunakan tangki septic 94,6%. Terdapat 19% jamban dengan kondisi yang tidak baik. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kepemilikan jamban (p-value=0,038) dan kondisi jamban (p-value =0,000) terhadap kejadian Diare pada Balita di Kota Banjarmasin. Diharapkan kepada masyarakat untuk memperhatikan kebersihan jamban.Kata-kata kunci : Diare, Balita, Penyakit infeksi, JambanABSTRACTEach child experiences episodes of diarrhea attack an average of 3.3 times each year. Approximately 80% of deaths occur in children aged less than two years. Diarrhea is one of the many diseases that occur in Banjarmasin. The cause is thought to be due to poor environmental sanitation. This study aims to analyze the use of latrines on the incidence of diarrhea in under-five children in Banjarmasin. The design of this study used a cross-sectional design. The study population was all toddlers in Banjarmasin of 54,746 toddlers. The sampling technique was multistage sampling with a total sample of 188 toddlers. Data collection was conducted from June to August 2018 with an interview with the respondent directly using a questionnaire. Data analysis using Chi-Square statistical tests. The results of this study indicate that there were 22.9% of children under five suffering from diarrhea. Most (97.9%) of respondents have had latrines in the type of latrine using a 94.6% septic tank. There is a significant relationship between latrine ownership (p-value= 0.038) and latrine condition (p-value= 0,000) to the incidence of diarrhea in children under five in Banjarmasin City. It is expected the public to pay attention to hygiene latrine.Keywords: Diarrhea, under-five children, infectious diseases, latrines

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Nutritional status of under- five children in a city of Maharashtra: a community based study

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20171344 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 1171 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Laxmikant Purohit ◽

Priyanka Sahu ◽

Lata B. Godale

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Birth Order ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Under Nutrition

Background: Children are considered to be the backbone of any nation. Nutritional problems among children cause major morbidity and mortality in India. India is home to the largest number of underweight and stunted children in the world. Aim and objectives: 1) To assess prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting among under-five children 2) To study factors associated with underweight, stunting and wasting among under-five childrenMethods: It was community based descriptive cross sectional study conducted during January 2010 to December 2011 at Urban Health Center of the Department of Preventive and Social Medicine catering approximately 27000 populations. 650 under- fives residing in urban field practice area were included in the study with the help of Stratified random sampling technique. Data was analyzed using SPSS software 16 version and OpenEpi Software Version 2.3.Results: 40.46% under five children were stunted, 38.15% were underweight, and 16% were wasted. The difference observed between stunted and normal study subjects with reference to type of family, education of mother, birth weight and birth order were statistically significant. The proportion of under- five children with underweight showed significant association with their age, socioeconomic status, education mother, birth weight and birth order. Proportion of under-five children with SAM and MAM decreased significantly with increase in education status of mother. Significantly higher proportion of under-five children with birth weight less than 2.5 kg and higher birth order were grouped as SAM and MAM.Conclusions: Maternal education, birth weight and birth order of children were significantly associated with all three types of under nutrition i.e. underweight, stunting and wasting. Proportion of children with underweight increases significantly with increase in age and decrease in socioeconomic status. There was no religion wise or gender wise variation in proportion of children with under nutrition was reported among study subjects.

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Utilization of Mosquito Nets and Malaria Related Under-Five Mortality in Abia State, Nigeria

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2016.v12n21p209 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (21) ◽

pp. 209

Author(s):

Imo, Chukwuechefulam Kingsley ◽

Isiugo-Abanihe, Uche Charlie

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Universal Access ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Contributory Factor ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Chi Square ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Mosquito Nets

In spite of huge global investments in the production and distribution of mosquito nets to protect people from malaria; it has continued to militate against the reduction of mortality in Nigeria. The study, therefore, examined the nexus between utilization of mosquito nets and malaria related under-five health outcome. Two local government areas were randomly selected from each of the three senatorial districts, and stratified along urban and rural communities. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 609 mothers within childbearing age and who had under-five children across the communities. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests and logistic regression at p<0.05, and thematic content analysis were used for data analyses. The respondents’ age was 32.6±5.8 years, 84.6% were married/living together, 55.0% had secondary education, while 42.7% were in paid/civil service jobs. Under-five mortality was 19.3% higher amongst rural than urban dwellers. Ownership of mosquito nets (treated or untreated) varied by place of residence with 60.1% and 39.9% for urban and rural areas respectively. About 62% of the dead under-five children never slept under mosquito nets. The likelihood of under-five mortality significantly increased by nonownership of mosquito nets (Odds-Ratio (OR): 2.476) and reduced by number of mosquito nets (OR: 0.278). Wrong methods adopted by mothers in using mosquito nets, was deduced as a contributory factor causing underfive mortality for home with fewer nets. Information on the proper use of the mosquito nets would help achieve the goal of universal access for the atrisk populations of children under age five and pregnant women.

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Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among under-five children residing in urban slums and rural area, Maharashtra, India: a community-based cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-15651/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sujata Kapil Murarkar ◽

Jayashree Sachin Gothankar ◽

Prakash Doke ◽

Prasad Pore ◽

Sanjay Lalwani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Urban Slums ◽

Trial Registration ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children

Abstract Background Undernutrition among under five children in India is a major public health problem.Despite India’s growth in the economy, the child mortality rate due to undernutrition is still high in both urban and rural areas.Studies that focus on urban slums are scarce. Hence the present study was carried out to assess the prevalence and determinants of undernutrition in children under five in Maharashtra, India.Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 16 randomly selected clusters in two districts of Maharashtra state, India. Data were collected through house to house survey by interviewing mothers of under five children. Total 2929 mothers and their 3,671 under five children were covered. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify the determinants of child nutritional status seperately in urban and rural areas. Results The mean age of the children was 2.38 years (±SD 1.36) and mean age of mothers was 24.25 years (± SD 6.37).Overall prevalence of stunting among children under five was 45.9 %, wasting was 17.1% and 35.4% children were underweight.Prevalence of wasting, stunting and underweight were more seen in an urban slum than a rural area.In the rural areas exclusive breast feeding(p<0.001) and acute diarrhea (p=0.001) were associated with wasting, children with birth order 2 or less than 2 were associated with stunting and exclusive breast feeding (p<0.05) and low maternal education were associated with underweight. Whereas in the urban slums exclusive breast feeding(p<0.05) was associated with wasting, sex of the child (p<0.05) and type of family(p<0.05)were associated with stunting,and low income of the family(p<0.05) was associated with underweight.Conclusions Factors like sex of the child, birth order,exclusive breast feeding ,economic status of the family, type of family,acute diarrhea and maternal education have influence on nutritional status of the child. Improvement of maternal education will improve the nutritional status of the child. Strategies are needed to improve the economic status of the community.Trial registration-This article is part of baseline data of the project, hence not related to trial registration. After baseline data principal investigator had done trial registration retrospectively.

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