scholarly journals Évaluation de l’activité antifongique et de la phytotoxicité de Isoberlinia doka craib & staff

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (30) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Harouna Ouédraogo ◽  
Lassina Ouattara ◽  
Paulin Ouoba ◽  
Schémaeza Bonzi ◽  
Irénée Somda
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Alternative Solutions ◽  
Phytotoxicity Tests

This study has been designed to contribute to search alternative solutions based on plant extracts against phytopatogenic fungi. It aims to test the efficacy of ethanolic extract (70%) of Isoberlinia doka trunk bark on the mycelial growth of eight phytopagenic fungi species and on maize and cowpea seedlings germination and growth. The results showed that the ethanolic extract inhibits mycelial growth. This extract has showed an interesting efficiency on three fungi such as Colletotrichum dematium, Curvularia lunata and Fusarium verticilloides. Among these fungi, Curvularia lunata was the most sensitive with a rate of inhibition of mycelial growth of 52.35% after four days incubation at 10 mg / ml. After seven days incubation, the extract was more effective in reducing Fusarium verticilloides mycelial growth with 50,70% inhibition rate at the same concentration. After the phytotoxicity tests, it was found that this extract had no phytotoxic effect on the germination and growth of maize seedlings while it reduced significantly seed germination and cowpea seedling growth. The ethanolic extract of I. doka bark has antifungal properties and did not inhibited maize growth parameters. It could be used in maize seed treatment. Investigations could also be made into the herbicidal properties of some invasive legumes close to cowpea.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Securidaca longepedunculata and Acacia gourmaensis Hydro-ethanolic Extracts against Three Rice Seed-borne Fungi

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Léon W. Nitiema ◽  
Fabrice W. Nikiema ◽  
Drissa Sérémé ◽  
Pierre A. E. D. Sombié
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Securidaca Longepedunculata

Aims: This study was undertaken to investigate the antifungal activities of Securidaca longepedunculata and Acacia gourmaensis bark hydro-ethanolic extract against Fusarium solani, Fusarium moniliforme and Curvularia lunata and to evaluate the percentages of germination and infection of infected rice seeds. Methods: Different extract concentrations ranging from 0.25, 0.5 and 1% were tested during 15 days using poisoned food technique method for in vitro antifungal activity against above three fungal strains. The same concentrations of extract were used to evaluate in vivo antifungal activity on rice seeds infected by these three fungal strains. Results: The extract of Securidaca longepedunculata had antifungal effect on Fusarium solani and Fusarium moniliforme and completely inhibited its mycelial growth at all tested concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 1%). Curvularia lunata mycelial growth was inhibited of 84.7% by 1% Securidaca longepedunculata extract after five days of culture. However, mycelial growth of F. solani, F. moniliforme and C. lunata were increased with increasing concentration of Acacia gourmaensis extract. It has been observed that when Securidaca longepedunculata hydro-ethanolic extract concentration increased up to 1%, seeds germination percentage decreased for all infection. In contrast, the opposite was observed for Acacia gourmaensis extract. Likewise, seeds infection decreased with the highest concentration (1%) of Securidaca longepedunculata for all infection, whereas the opposite was observed with Acacia gourmaensis extract. Conclusion: This study showed that S. longepedunculata hydro-ethanolic extract has more antifungal activity against seed-borne fungi (F. solani, F. moniliforme and C. lunata) than A. gourmaensis in vitro and in vivo. Results show that Securidaca longepedunculata hydro-ethanolic bark extract can be used as a potential antifungal agent in the management of some rice fungal diseases. Acacia gourmaensis extract, at low concentration, could be used in rice seed treatment to increase seed germination.

scholarly journals Effect of different nanoscale microelements containing formulations for seed treatment on germination and growth of maize seedlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 723
Author(s):  
Đào Trọng Hiền
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
Commercial Fertilizer ◽  
Environmental Technology ◽  
Edta Complexes ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Germination And Growth

Effect of the nutrient formulations for pre-sowing seed treatment on germination and growth of maize seedlings was studied. The formulations comprised separate copper nanoparticles (NanoCu), IET1- based on a Novalon Seed Treatment product, IET2 - based on humate metal-organic-coordination complexes (MOC), Nualgi – based on nano silica, wherein microelements were adsorbed on the surface of the silica nanoparticles, and formulations with microelements in a form of Metal-EDTA complexes, based on commercial fertilizer products of Novalon, Wuxal and Comex companies. Results of the study showed that all the tested formulations, except for the separate nanocopper formulation, demonstrated visibly higher stimulation effects on the maize seedlings growth, among which the nanoscale microelements-containing seeds treatment formulations produced in Institute of Environmental Technology (IET1 and IET2) exhibited the best growth indices although non-significantly differed as compared with the control. The experimental data presented also proved that for obtaining stable stimulation effects on the plant growth kinetics instead of using separate nanosized microelement it is preferable to use complex formulations, wherein besides of microelements there are other components included such as plant regulators, amino- and carboxylic acids, plant protection agents etc.

scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF WEED SPEICES AGERATUM CONYZOIDES L. AND CLEOME VISCOSA L. ON GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF SESAMUM INDICUM L

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-117
Author(s):  
Anbarasan R ◽  
Prabhakaran J
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Cleome Viscosa

Various concentrations (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) of aqueous extracts prepared from two weed species namely Ageratum conyzoides L. and Cleome viscosa L. and used for the present experiments to determine their allelopathic potential on growth and developmental changes on sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). The weed extracts showed an inhibitory effect on germination percentage, root and shoot growth, and fresh and dry weight of sesame seedlings. The extracts of A.conyzoides had more inhibitory effect at 20%concentration,than that of C.viscosa on growth parameters of sesame.

Effect of Oil Cakes and Bio-agents Each Alone and in Combination for Management of Root Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in Green Gram

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 286-294
Author(s):  
Poornata Jena ◽  
◽  
N. K. Sahoo ◽  
J. K. Mahalik ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Neem Cake ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Am Fungus

A pot experiment was carried out in the net house of Department of Nematology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India during June to August, 2017 on the application of oilcakes (mustard cake and neem cake) and bio-agents (Trichoderma viride, Glomus fasciculatum, Rhizobium leguminosarum) each alone and in combination for the management of root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in green gram. Result of the experiment indicated that soil application of mustard or neem cake @ 50 g m-2 with AM fungus (Glomus fasciculatum) @ 5 g m-² and seed treatment of Rhizobium @ 25 g kg-1 of green gram seed declined the root knot nematode population, number of galls plant-1, number of eggmass plant-1and root knot index with corresponding increase of plant growth parameters and chlorophyll content in green gram plant as compared to other treatments and untreated check. But integration of mustard cake @ 50 g m-2 at 2 weeks prior to sowing with AM fungus @ 5 g m-2 at 10 days before sowing and seed treatment of Rhizobium @ 25 g kg-1 green gram seed exhibited the lowest M. incognita population 200 cc soil-1 (153.33 J2), number of galls plant-1 (7.0), number of eggmass plant-1 (2.0) and root knot index (2.0) reflecting enhancement of plant growth parameters, number of pods (206.67%), number of nodules (691.17%) over untreated check. This integrated management module also recorded maximum increase in the availability of NPK content in soil and chlorophyll content as compared to other treatments.

HERBICIDAL ACTIVITY OF Ageratum conyzoides AGAINST PARTHENIUM

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Nimra Javaid ◽  
Arshad Javaid ◽  
Mukhtar Hussain Shah ◽  
Iqra Haider Khan ◽  
Syed Muhammad Waleed
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

This study was carried out to explore herbicidal potential of an asteraceous weed Ageratum conyzoides against an exotic noxious weed parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.). Different concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%) of aqueous extracts of various parts of the tested weed were used in laboratory bioassays. ANOVA revealed the significant effect of plant part bioassay and extract concentration on germination as well as various root and shoot growth parameters. Leaf extract was found the most herbicidal where a 10% extract completely inhibited the germination and growth of parthenium. Root and inflorescence extracts were also highly inhibitory in suppressing the germination up to 89% and 95%, shoot length up to 80% and 89%, root length up to 86% and 91%, and plant biomass up to 89% and 98%, respectively. Stem extract showed the least herbicidal activity causing up to 46%, 59%, 73% and 37% reduction in germination, shoot length, root length and plant biomass, respectively. This study concludes that leaf, root and inflorescence extracts of A. conyzoides possess strong herbicidal potential against germination and growth of parthenium.

Effect of Pre-Sowing Seed Treatment With Micronutrients on Growth Parameters of Raya

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Arshad Ullah . ◽  
M. Sarfraz . ◽  
M. Sadiq . ◽  
S. M. Mehdi . ◽  
G. Hassan .
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Sowing Seed

scholarly journals Allelopathic effect of black mustard tissues and root exudates on some crops and weeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Al-Sherif ◽  
A.K. Hegazy ◽  
N.H. Gomaa ◽  
M.O. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Root Exudates ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Trifolium Alexandrinum ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Black Mustard ◽  
Sisymbrium Irio

Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the phytotoxic effect of black mustard extracts and root exudates on two crops: Trifolium alexandrinum and Triticum aestivum, and two weeds: Phalaris paradoxa and Sisymbrium irio. The seeds were treated with aqueous and ethanolic extracts and chloroform for eight days, or subjected to root exudates of just harvested mustard in a greenhouse for five weeks. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify phytotoxins from plant tissues. Seed germination of P. paradoxa was reduced with the lowest concentration of the different extracts. However, the aqueous extract at 4% completely curtailed the germination of all the target species. In general, plant extracts had a concentration-dependent reduction of seedling growth of the target species. However, the ethanolic extract, at the lowest concentration, has stimulated the shoot length of both T. alexandrinum and T. aestivum, and the root length of the former. Mustard root exudates inhibited emergence and growth of the target species throughout the experiment. Ferulic and syringic acids were the dominant allelochemicals found when HPLC was used.

scholarly journals Phytotoxic effect of silver nanoparticles on seed germination and growth of terrestrial plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruti Budhani ◽  
Nzube Prisca Egboluche ◽  
Zikri Arslan ◽  
Hongtao Yu ◽  
Hua Deng
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Germination And Growth

scholarly journals Phytotoxic Effect of Tithonia rotundifolia (Miller) S.F.Blake on Chlorophyll and Protein Contents of Vigna unguiculata L. and Zea mays L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Ilori Olasupo John ◽  
Olutobi Oluwafunmilayo Otusanya
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Range Test

A large number of plants impose inhibitory effects on the germination and growth of neighbouring or successional plants by releasing allelochemicals into the soil. This study investigated the phytotoxic effects of Tithonia rotundifolia (Miller) S.F.Blake on the chlorophyll and protein contents of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers and Zea mays L.. This was with a view to determining the susceptibility of these crops to allelochemicals in the extracts prepared from T. rotundifolia. Seeds of the test plants were sown in pots filled with top humus soil. At two weeks, seedlings in each pot were thinned down to 10 seedlings per pot. Potted plants of the test crops were supplied with 400 ml of the appropriate water extracts while the control potted plants were supplied with 400 ml of water. Biochemical analyses were carried out according to standard methods. The data obtained were analysed by (ANOVA) to determine significant (P< 0.05) effects. The means were compared using Duncan Multiple Range Test. The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and protein contents in V. unguiculata and Z. mays and were significantly inhibited by the extract from T. rotundifolia. The inhibitory effects of these allelochemicals increased with concentration. The phytotoxic effect of T. rotundifolia was species dependent. It was concluded that the extract contains water-soluble allelochemicals which inhibited the biochemical parameters of the test crops. T. rotundifolia should be controlled where it grows in association with cultivated crops.

scholarly journals Endophytic Isolates of Cordyceps fumosorosea to Enhance the Growth of Solanum melongena and Reduce the Survival of Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Tingfei Sun ◽  
Zhang Shen ◽  
Mobeen Shaukat ◽  
Cailian Du ◽  
Shaukat Ali
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Total Dry Weight

This study reports the effects of seed treatment with Cordyceps fumosorosea on seed germination, growth, colonization of eggplant (Solanum melongena), and growth of Bemisia tabaci (feeding on fungal colonized eggplant leaves). Germination rates of eggplant seeds were similar among different treatments. The growth parameters such as root length, shoot length, and number of leaves) differed significantly after 15, 30, and 60 days of seed treatment. The total dry weight of eggplant in response to treatment with C. fumosorosea isolates increased significantly when compared with the control. Both isolates of C. fumosorosea colonized different plant tissues, although the extent of colonization decreased during the experimental period. The colonization of eggplants by both C. fumosorosea isolates resulted in a significant reduction of B. tabaci incidence. This study possibly provides the first report of increased plant growth and increased insect mortality in eggplants inoculated with C. fumosorosea isolates.

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