scholarly journals The Corona Virus Pandemic And Stochastic Growth: Implications For Developed, Developing, And Emerging Economies

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Diana Loubaki
Keyword(s):  
Portfolio Choice ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Social Planner ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Endogenous Growth Theory ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Almost Everywhere ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
The Impact

This article studies the impact of the “coronavirus” on the economy when the growth path follows a stochastic Markov process in a multi countries’ exchange context. The methodology used is endogenous growth theory coupled with topology, the fixed point, and the separation theorem for the equilibrium determination through private agents’ maximization behaviors. Thereafter, the equilibrium is rendered optimal in the Pareto sense through the linear programming method and the portfolio choice theory used by the social planner. The results found are: First, growth decreases almost everywhere; second, per-capita income increase in contrast. Finally, the conjunction of the whole accelerates convergence and catching-up since the most affected countries are also the richest. As a result, they experience higher economic and social disorders giving credibility to the Solow (1956) marginal productivity that decrease the hypothesis that poor countries grow faster than rich countries. Consequently, the pandemic negative action is an accelerator of the economic retarded countries market-based economy which targets a faster means of achievement.

Sources of Increasing Inequality

2021 ◽  
pp. 172-190
Author(s):  
Francis Teal
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
The Political ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Unskilled Labour ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
The Impact

While all the evidence we have points to the rising living standards for most of the very poorest, the wages of unskilled labour in poor countries remain a fraction of those in rich countries. Those potential workers are seen as a threat to the living standards of the unskilled in rich countries and the political impetus to limit their access to those labour markets has been, and remains, one of the most potent issue in the politics of rich countries. This aversion to immigration as a threat to the wages of the unskilled often transmutes into a hostility to trade, as goods, which use a lot of unskilled labour, can be imported more cheaply. Both immigration and trade are seen as a threat to the unskilled. Two dimensions of this threat are examined in this chapter—the impact of Chinese exports on wages in the US and the impact of immigration on the UK economy.

Private or Public Law Enforcement? The Case of Digital Anti-Piracy Policies with Illegal Non-Monitored Behaviors

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Darmon ◽  
Thomas Le Texier
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Social Planner ◽  
Private Enforcement ◽  
Digital Piracy ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public And Private Enforcement ◽  
The Impact

AbstractShould rights be publicly or privately enforced in the case of digital piracy? The emergence of large-scale anti-piracy laws and the existence of illegal non-monitored channels raise important issues for the design of anti-piracy policies. We study the impact of these demand-side policies in two enforcement settings (namely, public and private enforcement settings) with an outside adoption option for users of an illegal non-monitored channel. Our results show that public enforcement generates higher monitoring and lower price levels, and also higher legal welfare than private enforcement. However, we identify potential conflicts of interest between the legal seller and the social planner when the efficiency of the illegal non-monitored channel is low. Introducing supply-side policies, i.e. policies targeted to suppliers of illegal content, we find that they may have unexpected impacts and can damage legal welfare. We also identify situations in which the two policies are substitutes or complements.

Does Aid Spur Economic Growth?

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Musa Talba JIBIR ◽  
Salamatu Idris ISAH ◽  
Bello A. IBRAHIM
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Social Program ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
The Impact

<p>Development Assistance is based on the idea that Rich Countries can and should help Poor countries to find the path to sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction—especially those that lack sources of capital. The paper began by reviewing the various sources and composition of net capital flows to developing countries and examined the respective roles of private and public flows in social program it further discussed the arguments and evidence on both sides of the question of whether aid is effective in promoting economic growth. The evidence of a direct effect on growth is inconclusive. Does this mean that aid should be cut back? Not necessarily. The impact of Aid should be evaluated not only in relation to its direct effects, but also in terms of its role in improving governance and economic management, and its contribution to social amenities such as basic education, health care facilities and access, water and infant mortality.</p>

scholarly journals Energy consumption, CO² emissions and economic growth in MENA countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-150
Author(s):  
Ali Maalej ◽  
Alexandre Cabagnols
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Mena Countries ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Growth Energy ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigates the relationship between economic growth, final consumption, investment, energy use and CO² emissions in two groups of Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries: Oil Poor Countries (OPC) and Oil Rich Countries (ORC). It is assumed and verified that the structural relationship between GDP growth, energy use and CO² emissions is different in these two groups of countries. FGLS panel estimations were carried out over the period 1974–2014. In ORC, no significant relationships are observed between energy use and GDP, whereas CO² emissions and GDP are positively linked. In OPC, there are opposite connections: a positive link between GDP and energy use, whereas the impact of CO² emissions on GDP tends to be negative. In both groups of countries, a positive and bi-directional link is observed between energy use and CO² emissions. The strength of this link is twice bigger in OPC than in ORC. This indicates that CO2 reduction policies conducted through energy use control (quantitative and qualitative) will have higher effect in OPC than in ORC. This also shows that the relationships between economic growth, energy use and CO² emissions differ noticeably and structurally between OPC and ORC. These results provide new insights into the opportunities and threats faced by CO2 reduction policies in OPCs and ORCs.

scholarly journals From Origins to Implications: Key Aspects in the Debate over the Digital Divide

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey James
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Global Digital Divide ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
The Impact

Defined as the differential extent to which rich countries and poor countries benefit from various forms of information technology (IT), the global digital divide has been extensively measured and described in national as well as international debates. The problem, however, is that the topic is highly fragmented in the literature, with few attempts to put the parts into a coherent analytical framework. More precisely, there has been no specific attempt to pinpoint the main issues that influence one's view of the importance of the digital divide and the policies demanded by the different points of view. The goal of this paper, accordingly, is to fill this important gap in the literature in an analytical schema that recognizes the ways in which the impact of innovations depends heavily on how they are generated and diffused. At each stage of this sequential process are key issues that influence one's view of the digital divide. It matters a great deal for instance on whether the divide is in some sense unique, or just another manifestation of the general technological relationship between rich and poor countries. It is also the case that the size of the divide depends heavily on how it is measured. Yet another example is that the extent of the potential impact of IT will influence our view of the foregone opportunities associated with limited uptake of this technology in developing countries.

scholarly journals The Impact of Government Subsidy on Renewable Microgrid Investment Considering Double Externalities

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deng Xu ◽  
Yong Long
Keyword(s):  
Market Failure ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Social Planner ◽  
System Optimum ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Phase Out ◽  
The Impact

Since microgrids require public support to make economic sense, governments regularly subsidize renewable microgrids to increase their renewable energy market penetration. In this study, we investigated the optimal subsidy level for governments to correct the market failure of microgrids and analyzed the impacts of regulation on the interaction between a microgrid and a distribution network operator (DNO). Specifically, we proposed economic rationales for government subsidies for microgrids regarding public interest benefits in relation to double externalities (learning spillover effect and environmental externality). We incorporated the double externalities into a three-echelon game model in an electricity supply chain with one regulator, one microgrid, and one DNO, in which the regulator decides the subsidy level to achieve maximal social welfare. We found that the double externalities and double marginalization caused underinvestment in microgrid capacity in the scenario without government intervention. The government could choose the appropriate subsidy level to achieve the system optimum, which led to a triple win for the microgrid, the DNO, and the social planner. Our analytical results also showed that the microgrid gained more benefits from regulation than the DNO. The microgrid may offer a negative wholesale price to the DNO in exchange for more opportunities to import electricity into the grid, especially when the investment cost is sufficiently low. Our study suggests that supporting microgrids requires a subsidy phase-out mechanism and alternative market-oriented policies with the development of the microgrid industry.

scholarly journals Collaborative e-Health Environments: The enhanced role of health agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria José Vicentini JORENTE ◽  
Natalia NAKANO ◽  
Mariana Cantisani PADUA ◽  
Anahi Rocha SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Service Managers

Abstract The literature has discussed the importance of the impact of Information and Communication Technology on health promotion, health education and applications to promote change in health behaviors, denominated e-Health promotion. The objective of this article is to describe Web 2.0 properties that should converge to a peer-to-peer collaboration platform, with the mediation of a health agent. This Web 2.0 system should provide a space where people may, not only receive information, but also exchange ideas and experiences about how to deal with the conditions resulting from the diseases caused by Zika virus, such as microcephaly. Microcephaly is a rare neurological condition in which the child’s head and brain are significantly smaller than those of others at the same age and sex and may cause a number of genetic or environmental problems. The risk of a Zika epidemic is real, it mainly affects people in poor countries, and especially Brazil that has the social responsibility to face the challenge of supporting hundreds of families of children born with microcephaly. E-Health projects are often focused only on health service managers, practitioners and research partners. These projects are not of open access and, in Brazil, there is no public platform that serves non-specialized citizens. We suggest a design that includes the health worker, family and stakeholders as content creators, able to act peer-to-peer and bottom-up, which may be useful for developing countries with similar health contexts.

scholarly journals Taxation and economic growth: A regression analysis based on a new classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-229
Author(s):  
Lich Hoang ◽  
Cao Tan ◽  
Le My ◽  
Dung Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Partitioning Around Medoids ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the impact of taxes on the economic growth based on classifying countries by GDP per capita and a tax burden. The Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) technique is used because it is not too sensitive to outliers. Through this multicriteria classification technique, the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) is employed to analyze the data of the three groups consisting of 63 countries from 2003 to 2017. The results show that most taxes have a positive impact on economic growth in poor countries (Group 1). Interestingly, taxes on goods and services promote economic growth in rich countries (Group 3), rather than having a negative effect, as is concluded by some previous studies. Specially, while the property tax has a negative effect on economic growth in rich countries, its impact is significantly positive in poor countries.

scholarly journals Editorial

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. v-xii ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent J. G. van der Maesen
Keyword(s):  
Global Perspective ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Social Quality ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Environmental Processes ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Rich Countries

The first three articles of this issue are dedicated to aspects of the current debate about and the praxis of environmental questions, and thus of the ecosystems. The fourth article concerns the application of social quality indicators in China. The gaining hypothesis is that a disconnection of the social quality approach of daily circumstances in Japan, Russia, China, Europe, the Americas, Africa, or India from environmental processes results into anachronisms. Without a global consciousness of the unequal consequences of these environmental processes, people in rich countries may be tempted to positively judge the nature of the social quality of their localities or country “as such.” Unknown remains that, seen from a global perspective, macrodetermined reasons for the positive outcomes in rich countries may go at the expense of ecosystems. They may cause, also because of the exportation of substantial elements of problematic (and partly environmental) aspects of the dominant production and reproduction relationships, serious forms of exploitation. Under the same conditions (ceteris paribus), this attack on ecosystems, as well as this exportation and exploitation cause increasingly declining social quality of daily circumstances in poor countries and regions. This will also result into an increase of “climate refugees.” Because of advancing technologically driven transformations—especially regarding communications systems—the interdependencies of countries between the West and the East, as well as between the North and the South, accelerate. Autarkic situations are becoming, or have already been for a long time, a myth.

The Impact of Endorsing the Belief in a Just World on Social Judgments

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Testé ◽  
Samantha Perrin
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Social Judgments ◽  
Just World ◽  
The Social ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Impact

The present research examines the social value attributed to endorsing the belief in a just world for self (BJW-S) and for others (BJW-O) in a Western society. We conducted four studies in which we asked participants to assess a target who endorsed BJW-S vs. BJW-O either strongly or weakly. Results showed that endorsement of BJW-S was socially valued and had a greater effect on social utility judgments than it did on social desirability judgments. In contrast, the main effect of endorsement of BJW-O was to reduce the target’s social desirability. The results also showed that the effect of BJW-S on social utility is mediated by the target’s perceived individualism, whereas the effect of BJW-S and BJW-O on social desirability is mediated by the target’s perceived collectivism.

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