scholarly journals Urea Molasses Multinutrien Blok Sebagai Pakan Tambahan pada Ternak Ruminansia (UREA MOLASSES MULTINUTRIENT BLOCK AS A FEED SUPPLEMENT TO CATTLE)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Yanuartono Yanuartono ◽  
Soedarmanto Indarjulianto ◽  
Alfarisa Nururrozi ◽  
Hary Purnamaningsih ◽  
Slamet Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Soybean Cake ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

The poor quality crop residues constitute the bulk of dry matter consumed by the ruminants. Like in most developing countries, including in Indonesia, feed shortage is the main constraint to their productivity. During the hot and dry seasons, the available feed resources are not enough in energy and digestion proteins, which are insufficient to maintenance requirements and reducing productivity throughout the year. The use of conventional feedstuffs such as rice brand, pollard, soybean cake, and groundnut cake to enhance production has become inappropriate. These supplements are in short supply owing to increasing demand from agricultural and industrial users. Their exorbitant prices and erratic supply made them too expensive for small-scale farmers to incorporate them into ruminant feeding. Urea Molasses Multinutrient Block (UMMB) is a convenient and inexpensive method of providing a range of nutrients to ruminants. Giving UMMB can improve low-quality feed digestion so in general can improve the performance of livestock such as milk production, weight, BCS and reproductive status. This article aims to evaluation the benefits of a UMMB for feed ruminants.

Adoption and Commercialization of Green Corn, Green Corn –Based Silage, Haylage and Ummb Production for Dairy Cattle in Cagayan Valley, Philippines

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-92
Author(s):  
Eva U. Cammayo ◽  
Nilo E. Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Dry Spell ◽  
Dairy Animals

This research aimed to improve dairy production and increase the income of dairy farmers using locally available feed resources. Small-scale milk producers rely heavily on available feed resources in the locality which are either indigenous in the area or introduced species for feed and nutrition of their dairy cattle and buffalos. Their milk output depends mainly on seasonal fluctuations in the quality and quantity of natural forage. Crop residues such as corn stover and rice straw which are high in fiber but low in nutrients serve as a feed supplement and filler to the daily diets of dairy cattle and buffalos. Cagayan Valley is an ear of top corn and rice-producing region. The potential of crop residues as feed supplements or raw materials of dairy cattle/buffalo feed mix is great. But dairy farmers still face the scarcity problem of quality feed resources for dairy animals especially during the dry season. The supply of forage is very low during the dry spell. Inadequate feed mix and low nutritive value of feed mix result in low or no milk production. Producing green corn and ensiling it to produce green corn silage preserves and prolong the storage life of forages. In this way, a stable supply of feed mix for dairy animals is assured year-round. Type of Paper: Empirical. Keywords: adoption and commercialization, dairy industry, financial viability, green-corn silage production, indigenous grasses, smallholder farmers.

Effect of field storage on quantity and quality of sorghum(sorghum bicolor moech) stover and lablab (lablab purpureus [L] sweet) haulm

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 199-199
Author(s):  
Aichi J Kitalyi ◽  
E Owen ◽  
L A Mtenga
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Qualitative Changes

In situ grazing is the most common method of feeding crop residues in semi-arid tropical Africa. The prevailing method of storing is to leave the crop residues standing in the field until grazing. Although such field storage would be expected to result in reduced nutritive value (eg loss of leaf), costs of residue harvesting (eg baling) and storing using conventional forage conservation methods would probably be prohibitive to small-scale farmers (Mlay, 1987).There is a dearth of information on quantitative and qualitative changes in crop residues left standing in fields after grain harvesting. A study was therefore carried out at Mpwapwa, Tanzania to measure the effects of varying the duration of field storage upon the quantity and quality of sorghum stover and lablab bean haulm.

scholarly journals Pitaya, an Attractive Alternative Crop for Mediterranean Region

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1065
Author(s):  
Alice Trivellini ◽  
Mariella Lucchesini ◽  
Antonio Ferrante ◽  
Daniele Massa ◽  
Matteo Orlando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Exotic Fruits

While the ongoing global warming and the economic crisis threaten horticultural and ornamental products production in the Mediterranean region, new challenges and opportunities for renewing plant material occur. Pitaya has great potential as a new crop for Mediterranean growers: it consumes little water and it adapts well to the high temperatures present in the greenhouse. Moreover, the market shows increasing demand of new, healthy exotic fruits and the fruit of these crops are worldwide appreciated as a super fruits. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of introducing a new type of product that in addition to the aesthetic value can combine functional nutritional characteristics, through a whole chain approach, in order to develop basic knowledges and technical information that may lead to the commercial production of pitaya by small-scale farmers in Italy. The results of this study report and discuss various aspects to support the establishment of pitaya cultivation, such as its propagation by cuttings and micropropagation, greenhouse cultivation practices (through the clarification of the sprouting and flowering phenology as well as the fruit maturation period), while providing also information on the sensory properties and the antioxidant levels which naturally occurring in these fruits.

scholarly journals Variation of Total Coliforms and Bacteria during Dry and Wet Seasons in Rivers of Sigor Division, West Pokot County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Nyasimi Ayora Gershom ◽  
Kirui Stella ◽  
Maingi John ◽  
Kebira Anthony
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Urinary Infections ◽  
Shigella Species ◽  
West Pokot ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

Aims: There has been an increase in gastro-intestinal and urinary infections in Sigor division, West Pokot, Kenya. These infections result from bacteria and coliforms which are majorly propagated in water systems. Residents of this area are pastoralists and small-scale farmers relying on river water for their consumption and economic needs. This study aimed at characterizing the strains and quantities of bacteria and coliforms in the four rivers during the wet and dry seasons. Study Design:  An independent measures design was used. Place and Duration of Study: Samples were taken from four rivers (Weiwei, Chesogon, Lomut and Muruny) in Sigor division, West Pokot county, Kenya. The study was conducted between January and October 2013. Methodology: Sampling was done at various points of the river in a stratified manner for characterization and analysis. Four main pathogens namely E. coli, V. cholerae, Shigella and Salmonella species as well as F. streptococci were isolated, cultured using different media and characterized. Further biochemical tests were conducted to confirm the exact strains present. Total viable counts for the bacteria and coliforms were then enumerated. Results: The results found out that E. coli, V. cholerae, Salmonella and Shigella species were abundant in the rivers while F. streptococci were only observed during the wet season. Biochemical tests conducted on the isolates revealed that the strains co-existed in the water samples. Weiwei river had the greatest number of bacteria strains. Muruny river was found to have the largest population of bacteria colony forming units (cfu’s). There was a large disparity in cfu’s in the rivers during the dry seasons. Chesogon river had the highest population of coliform units. Conclusion: The raw water in all the rivers were concluded to be unsafe for human consumption according to WHO standards.

Use of the gas production technique to investigate responses of supplementing low quality forages. 1. In vitro interactions

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 92-94
Author(s):  
C. D. Wood ◽  
A. H. Murray ◽  
A. R. Moss ◽  
D. I. Givens
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
In Vitro Interactions

Nitrogen-deficient fibrous crop residues are widely used as basal diets in less developed countries, particularly in dry seasons when alternative foods are often in short supply. One approach to improving animal performance on crop residue based diets is to include a supplement of improved quality food to provide fermentable protein and energy. There are no established in vitro methods for investigating interactions between foods but the in vitro gas production method shows promise in this regard (Prasad et al., 1994). This paper describes the interactions observed in vitro; an accompanying paper (Murray et al., 1998) describes in vivo responses to supplementation and relationships between in vitro and in vivo data.

scholarly journals Equity, Health, and Sustainability with PROVE: The Evaluation of a Portuguese Program for a Short Distance Supply Chain of Fruits and Vegetables

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 5083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Craveiro ◽  
Sibila Marques ◽  
Ana Marreiros ◽  
Ruth Bell ◽  
Matluba Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
National Sample ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

PROVE is a Portuguese program that empowers small-scale farmers organized into local networks to directly commercialize baskets of locally produced fruits and vegetables to consumers. This study applied a post-test-only non-equivalent group design to evaluate the resulting influence on the social empowerment of farmers and on consumer diets. The method included conducting a survey of PROVE farmers (n = 36) and a survey of PROVE consumers (n = 294) that were compared against matched samples of Portuguese respondents of international surveys (European Social Survey, n = 36 and the INHERIT Five-Country Survey, n = 571, respectively). PROVE farmers reported higher scores for perceived influence on the work environment than the national sample. PROVE consumers were more likely to eat five or more portions of fruits and vegetables a day in comparison to the matched sample of Portuguese citizens (average odds ratio: 3.05, p < 0.05). Being a PROVE consumer also generated an impact on the likelihood of consuming no more than two portions of red meat a week (average odds ratio: 1.56, p < 0.05). The evaluation study suggests that the promotion of short supply chains of fruits and vegetables can make a positive contribution to a healthier, more sustainable, and fairer future in food consumption.

Use of the gas production technique to investigate responses of supplementing low quality forages. 2. In vivo interactions and comparison with in vitro parameters

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 266-268
Author(s):  
A. H. Murray ◽  
A. Moss ◽  
C. D. Wood ◽  
D. I. Givens ◽  
M. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Fibre Degradation ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Micro Organisms

Ruminants in many less developed countries may consume poor quality roughages such as straws, stovers and senescent native pasture as a major part of their diet, particularly during the dry season when high-quality forages are in short supply. The majority of these roughages are high in fibre, low in protein and the intake of digestible nutrients often is not enough to meet maintenance requirements. Intake and digestibility of poor-quality roughages may be increased by supplementation. The response to supplementation can be attributed to an increase in the supply of nitrogen and/or readily fermentable carbohydrate, resulting in an increase in rumen cellulolytic micro-organisms and therefore enhanced fibre degradation.

A Case for On-farm Trials of Fodder Banks on the Adamawa Plateau in Cameroon

1992 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tarawali ◽  
E. T. Pamo
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Average Plant ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Bank System ◽  
On Farm

SUMMARYThe poor quality of the natural vegetation in the dry season affects both animal productivity and the lives of the pastoral community in the Adamawa Plateau of Cameroon but may be improved by introduction of the forage legume Stylosanthes guianensis. When used in a ‘fodder bank’ system, Stylosanthes grew to an average plant height of 1.41 m, had a dry matter productivity of 5.5 t ha−1 and comprised 93.4% of the pasture's botanical composition at the end of the growing season, indicating that fodder banks have considerable potential to enhance animal and crop production in Cameroon. Complementary studies conducted in Nigeria on the yield benefits of cropping leguminous pastures support the feasibility of using fodder banks as a means of improving the livelihoods of small scale farmers.

Researching Alternative Cash Crops for Small Scale Farmers in Southern Ohio

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 530a-530
Author(s):  
Brad Bergefurd ◽  
Gary Gao
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Extension Agents ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Cash Crops ◽  
Grant Program ◽  
Culinary Herbs ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

Speciality crops are great alternative cash crops for small scale farmers. Small scale farmers are constantly searching for viable economic crops to grow. We have been conducting applied research on the production and marketing of culinary herbs, oriental vegetables, colored peppers, and muskmelons to name a few. These crops show excellent potential for southern Ohio. Field demonstration, seminars, and surveys were used to gather and disseminate information on these speciality crops. More than 230 people attended our seminars on alternative cash crops. More than 150 people attended our field days. In addition, we had identified many chefs that are willing to purchase from local speciality crop growers. It will be a win-win situation for both chefs and growers. Growers will be able to maximize their profitability while chefs will receive fresh and unique produce. As a result of our research, we were able to show small scale growers what they can grow successfully and how they can market their crops for most profit. These applied research projects received a combined funding of $10000.00 from OSU Extension-Innovative Grant program. These projects are a great way to establish credibility among clients. We would also like to demonstrate how other extension agents can help their clients. A lecture utilizing slides and overhead transparencies will be the format of the seminar.

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