scholarly journals Informal Practices of Inequality in Recruitment in Finland

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuija Koivunen ◽  
Hanna Ylöstalo ◽  
Katri Otonkorpi-Lehtoranta
Keyword(s):  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Informal Practices ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Recruitment And Selection ◽  
Ideal Worker ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Ideal

In this article, we explore the policies and processes of selection and recruitment from the perspective of equality. Focusing on tacit ideas of the ‘ideal worker,’ ideal recruitment, and selection that direct the recruitment process, we examine the ways in which implicit ideas and recruitmentrelated settings of daily interaction become informal practices of inequality. In this analysis, we rely on the conceptual framework of inequality regimes. The qualitative analysis of the semi-structured interviews focuses on the categories of gender, ethnicity, and age. We identified three categories of informal practices of inequality, which we have named as recruitment by the book, relocation of responsibility, and recruiting by addressing the difference. The findings suggest that although recruiters follow the legislation concerning equal treatment in recruitment, they do so because they want to avoid problems and possible litigation rather than because they are committed to promoting equality as an end in itself. However, equality promotion requires that gender, ethnicity, and age equality is itself the goal. If equality serves other goals, such as avoiding litigation or boosting business, the everyday practices of recruitment may turn into informal practices of inequality.

scholarly journals A Secular Critique of Religious Ethics and Politics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Cliteur
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Case ◽  
Moral Autonomy ◽  
Religious Ethics ◽  
Religious Leader ◽  
Political Autonomy ◽  
Central Notion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Ethics And Politics

This chapter discusses the difference between a nonsecular or religious critique of religious ethics and politics and a specifically secular critique. It introduces the central notion of a secular critique, autonomy, and its two types, moral and political. Moral autonomy entails the separation of religion from ethics. The ideal of making that separation is called “moral secularism.” The opposite of moral autonomy is “moral heteronomy.” An extreme case of moral heteronomy is discussed: Abraham’s willingness to sacrifice his own son when God commanded him to do so. Next, the importance of political autonomy and political secularism is illustrated with reference to the conflict between the king Ahab (the model of a secular ruler) and the prophet Elijah (the model of a religious leader). Some stories in the holy scriptures of the monotheist religions held in common by Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are unfavorable toward secularism (both moral and political).

Improvising an Institution

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Global Context ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
The World ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
Do So

This chapter examines the everyday practices at the Islamic Shariʻa Council, London (ISC). ISC scholars do what judges do in courts throughout the world: they try to arrive at a reasonable outcome in a way that is consistent with their own procedures and with their understanding of the relevant law. However, the ISC scholars do so in a global context of Islamic jurisprudence and of transnational movement: clients come to them from dozens of countries, many of them will return to those (or other) countries, and from time to time Islamic scholars from prestigious religious faculties drop in to observe. Understandably, the scholars on this and other councils discuss whether their practices fit with those of Muslim-majority countries and with positions taken by those prestigious Islamic scholars.

Your space or mine? Play in out of school clubs

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekah Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Power Relationships ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Out Of School

This chapter uses observation and semi-structured interviews to explores the everyday practices, habits and routines of playworkers in an afterschool club in the northwest of England and how these help shape children’s experiences within the setting. Of key interest is the relationship between espoused playwork intentions for the design of a play environment and what happens in practice. The chapter draws on a number of interrelated concepts drawn from the field of children’s geographies that suggest spaces are not fixed containers for action or a background against which humans carry out their interactions, but are actively produced by the ongoing encounters between adults, children, materials, movements, affects, imaginations and so on. While spaces are always in the process of being produced and are open to all sorts of possibilities, they are also imbued with power relationships, and dominant forces have considerable influence in shaping the possible movements and encounters within the setting. The intention here was to pay closer attention to these entanglements and how they produce environments that might be more or less open to moments of play emerging.

Trust in the West or «West-Pakete» from the GDR?!Consumption of East German Clothing by Soviet Women in the Brezhnev Era

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-366
Author(s):  
Anna Tikhomirova
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
The West ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
East German ◽  
Oral History Interviews ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Ideal

Trust in the West or «West-Pakete» from the GDR?! Consumption of East German Clothing by Soviet Women in the Brezhnev Era The article aims to challenge the widespread assumption in the historiography that, in the Brezhnev era, the «trickle-down» of Western fashion into the USSR undermined not only consumers’ trust in Soviet goods, but also trust in the «Soviet» itself. However, the overwhelming majority of studies explicitly consider only capitalist countries the «West». These studies fail to take into account the mediated «trickling down» of the West into the Soviet Union through consumer goods imported from socialist states such as the GDR. In my article, I argue that this phenomenon can be seen as one of the stabilising mechanisms that allowed Soviet civilisation to function. Drawing primarily on oral history interviews that I conducted and memoirs written by Soviet women of the «last Soviet generation» (A. Yurchak), I identify channels, dimensions, levels and functions of trust-building in the everyday practices of both imaginary and actual consumption of East German goods. One of the key symbolic connotations of Soviet consumers’ trust in fashion made in the GDR was «trust in the West». This trust also comprised «trust in the typical German virtues» and «trust in proper socialism». The latter type of trust indicates that the political dimension of trust in commodities made in the GDR cannot be reduced to distrust in the actual Soviet state; instead, this distrust coexisted with trust in the ideal-theoretical version of a socialist society.

scholarly journals Análise comparativa das propostas cariocas e baiana para a regulamentação desportiva da capoeira (1968)

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Ana Rosa Jaqueira ◽  
Paulo Coêlho de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
Subsequent Comparison ◽  
Discipline Differences ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Ideal

<p><strong><em>Background and aim</em></strong><strong>:</strong> Despite having been institutionalised in the Brazilian Confederation of Pugilism (1941) as a sport, at that time there were not any regulations for Capoeira competitions. Two symposia (1968 and 1969) were held in Rio de Janeiro (Guanabara) aiming to establish a set of regulations for the discipline and, as a consequence, to provide equal conditions for the competing athletes. In order to do so, representatives from Bahia and Rio de Janeiro were invited to discuss the matter. The present study analyses the first three proposals for the regulation of Capoeira, which came from the states of Bahia and Rio de Janeiro and were presented at the symposium held in 1968.</p><p><strong><em>Method:</em></strong> The ethnographic and historical methods were used along with content analysis, praxeological analysis and semi-structured interviews for the survey, processing and interpretation of data, and subsequent comparison of the proposals.</p><p><strong><em>Results:</em></strong> We observed that the proposal from Bahia was characterised by gymnastic, recreational and ritual elements, whereas those from Rio de Janeiro were characterised by the agonistic aspect of the discipline. Differences regarding personal and stylistic views and territorial interests proved to be a major hindrance and no regulations were established. Therefore, we conclude that the ideal conditions for the sporting regulation of Capoeira could not be met at that time.</p>

scholarly journals Shaping “New Man”, Reconstructing “New Woman”: A Return to Albanian Totalitarian Socialist Past

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Aida Goga ◽  
Ardita Prendi ◽  
Brunilda Zenelaga
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
New Woman ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
New Man ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Education Work

The totalitarian socialist regime, which was installed in Albania in 1945, lasting until 1990, was expressed and articulated as a consistent effort led to modernism or civilization, as a kind of “social engineering” incarnated to the inner individual and society dimensions. Fighting old and traditional mentality, the totalitarian socialist countries created the infrastructure for spreading the model of the “new man” according to new principles, aiming to make everyday life productive and disciplined. Under the implementation of the “new man” approach, especially the image of woman was reconstructed. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the ideal of the “new man” and “new woman” were socially constructed and how they have influenced the everyday life of people, under the totalitarian socialist regime, referring to the case of the Albania. 18 in depth semi structured interviews with woman and men from 55 until 85 years old have been conducted and the poetry and text songs of that time have been explored. The research showed that through the trinomen “education-work-tempering”, the “new man” and “new woman” was socially constructed. People’s social status, during the socialist regime in Albania influences their perceptions and their attachment to the “new man” and “new woman” portraits   Received: 4 September 2021 / Accepted: 15 November 2021 / Published: 3 January 2022

Adjectives and their keyness: a corpus-based analysis of tourism discourse in English

Corpora ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Durán-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Domain Specific ◽  
Adventure Tourism ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Relevant Reference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Do So

This paper attempts to shed some light on the importance of adjectives in the linguistic characterisation of tourism discourse in English in general and in adventure tourism in particular as well as to prove how significant the difference in usage is compared to the general language. It seeks to understand the role that adjectives play in this specific subdomain and to contribute to the linguistic characterisation of tourism discourse in this respect. It also aims to confirm or reject previous assumptions regarding the use, and frequency of use, of adjectives and adjectival patterns in this specialised domain and, in general, to promote the study of adjectivisation in domain-specific discourses. To do so, it proposes a corpus-based study that measures the keyness of adjectives in promotional texts of the adventure tourism domain in English by comparing their usage in the compiled corpus to the two most relevant reference corpora of English (coca and the bnc).

Experience Sampling Method sa Konteksto ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Experience Sampling Method in the Context of Filipino Psychology)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazianne-Geneve V. Mendoza ◽  
Christie Sio
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Experience Sampling Method ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Smartphone Applications ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Do So

Filipino:Sa loob ng mahabang panahon, ang mga metodong pampananaliksik na ginagamit sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino (SP) ay hango sa pang-araw-araw na pakikipag-ugnayan ng mga Pilipino. Ngunit makalipas ang higit 40 taon simula nang unang itatag ang SP, malaki na ang pinagbago ng pakikipag-ugnayan at pakikitungo ng mga Pilipino sa isa’t isa dahil sa modernisasyon at pag-unlad ng teknolohiya. Gayundin, dumarami na rin ang mga iskolar ng SP na kumikilala sa kahalagahan ng pagsasakatutubo-mula-sa-labas upang higit pang mapayaman ang disiplina. Kabilang dito ang pag-aangkop ng mga lapit at metodong pampananaliksik. Bilang tugon sa mga pagbabagong ito, tinatampok sa kasalukuyang pag-aaral ang experience sampling method (ESM), isang metodong malaki ang potensiyal ngunit hindi pa nagagamit sa kontekstong Pilipino. Kumpara sa mga tradisyunal na metodo, may kakayahan ang ESM na suriin at pag-aralan ang karanasan ng tao, kabilang na ang kaniyang damdamin, saloobin, at kilos, habang nangyayari ito mismo sa kasalukuyan. Upang higit na mailapit ito sa araw-araw na buhay at gawi ng mga kalahok, marami nang mga smartphone applications o apps na magagamit sa pagsasagawa ng ESM. Sa papel na ito, tinasa ang kaangkupan ng ESM bilang metodong pampananaliksik sa SP sa pamamagitan ng paggamit nito sa pag-aaral ng mga emosyonal na karanasan ng mga Pilipinong kalahok. Batay sa mga obserbasyong nakalap mula sa pag-aaral, masasabing mayroong natatanging kontribusyon ang ESM sa pag-unlad ng SP dahil tugma ito sa layunin ng disiplina at malapit ito sa araw-araw na pamumuhay ng mga Pilipino sa makabagong panahon. Iminumungkahi ang paggamit ng ESM katuwang ng iba pang metodong kasalukuyang tinatanggap sa SP upang higit na mapalalim ang pag-unawa sa karanasang Pilipino.English:For the longest time, the research methods used in Sikolohiyang Pilipino (SP) are those derived from the day-to-day manner of communication among Filipinos. However, more than 40 years since SP was first established, modernity and rapid advancements in technology have greatly changed the way Filipinos interact and communicate with each other. At the same time, scholars have increasingly recognized the importance of indigenization-from-without to further enrich the study of SP, including the adoption of non-indigenous approaches to research. In response to these changes, the current study features the Experience Sampling Method (ESM), which, though currently underutilized in the Filipino context, has great potential in the study of it. Compared to traditional research methods, ESM allows researchers to study people’s experiences, including their emotions, thoughts, and behaviors, as they occur in the present. Furthermore, ESM smartphone applications or apps have been created to facilitate the use of ESM in obtaining a more representative sample of the everyday lives of participants. This paper aims to evaluate the appropriateness of ESM as a research method to be used in the study of SP. To do so, ESM was used to study the emotional experiences of Filipino participants. The observations derived from the study lend support to the unique contribution of ESM to the advancement of SP because it coincides with the goals of the discipline and simulates the day-to-day lives of Filipinos in the modern age. As such, ESM is recommended to be used with other methods currently used in SP to further deepen our understanding of the lives of Filipinos.

A Typology of International Judicial Practices

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L Dunoff ◽  
Mark A Pollack
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Practice Theory ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
International Courts ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Judicial Opinions

This chapter discusses the inner working of ICs, such as the drafting of judicial opinions; practices concerning separate opinions; the role of language and translation; and the roles of third parties. It also presents a preliminary effort to identify and examine the everyday practices of international judges. In undertaking this task, the authors draw selectively upon a large literature on ‘practice theory’ that has only rarely been applied to international law in general or to international courts in particular. A typology and synoptic overview of practices is presented.

scholarly journals After Hajj: Muslim Pilgrims Refashioning Themselves

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Kholoud Al-Ajarma
Keyword(s):  
Social Contexts ◽  
Religious Behavior ◽  
Transformative Experience ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Community Expectations ◽  
Religious Dimensions ◽  
Personal Level ◽  
The Right ◽  
Self Formation ◽  
Do So

The Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj) is one of the five pillars of Islam and a duty which Muslims must perform—once in a lifetime—if they are physically and financially able to do so. In Morocco, from where thousands of pilgrims travel to Mecca every year, the Hajj often represents the culmination of years of preparation and planning, both spiritual and logistical. Pilgrims often describe their journey to Mecca as a transformative experience. Upon successfully completing the pilgrimage and returning home, pilgrims must negotiate their new status—and the expectations that come with it—within the mundane and complex reality of everyday life. There are many ambivalences and tensions to be dealt with, including managing the community expectations of piety and moral behavior. On a personal level, pilgrims struggle between staying on the right path, faithful to their pilgrimage experience, and straying from that path as a result of human imperfection and the inability to sustain the ideals inspired by pilgrimage. By ethnographically studying the everyday lives of Moroccans after their return from Mecca, this article seeks to answer the questions: how do pilgrims encounter a variety of competing expectations and demands following their pilgrimage and how are their efforts received by members of their community? How do they shape their social and religious behavior as returned pilgrims? How do they deal with the tensions between the ideals of Hajj and the realities of daily life? In short, this article scrutinizes the religious, social and personal ramifications for pilgrims after the completion of Hajj and return to their community. My research illustrates that pilgrimage contributes to a process of self-formation among pilgrims, with religious and non-religious dimensions, which continues long after Hajj is over and which operates within, and interacts with, specific social contexts.

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