scholarly journals VIDEOCONTEST SENSITIVITY OF PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN IN EXTREME CLIMATIC AND ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE ARCTIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
M.A. Koshuba ◽  
◽  
S.A. Petrov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Cultural Integration ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The North ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Industrial Civilization ◽  
Primary School Age

Ethnic groups of the small peoples of the North are a unique social phenomenon, as they preserve the traditional way of life laid down in age-old traditions, preserve the linguistic heritage, continue national crafts and way of managing. The interference of industrial civilization, environmental aspects, globalization processes, economic and cultural integration have their colossal destruction not only on the natural habitat and way of life of indigenous peoples, but also impose extremely high demands on the adaptive capabilities of the organism. Younger schoolchildren were examined who underwent visiocontrast perimetry in the range of spatial frequencies from 0,37 to 18 cycles / deg. It was found that for the diagnostic assessment of central vision in health and disease, it is necessary to take into account the age of the patients and climatogeographic living conditions

scholarly journals Ecological risks during offshore construction of oil platforms

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 04002
Author(s):  
Ksenia Derevtsova ◽  
Vladislav Ginevskii ◽  
Gleb Kataev ◽  
Semion Kim ◽  
Polina Veselova
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
The North ◽  
Low Culture

The article tells about the risks of low-culture construction of oil facilities on the Arctic shelf. The long-term, practically neglected exploitation of the unique natural resources of the Russian North and the low culture of their development led in a number of its regions, including the waters of the Arctic seas with islands, to an emergency ecological situation - the partial and sometimes complete destruction of the fragile Arctic natural habitat of the small peoples of the North and the created cities and villages. Without proper environmental support, economic activities continue in the field of extraction, transportation and processing of natural resources. The progressive pollution of rivers and lakes leads to a qualitative depletion of water resources - a change in the composition of the waters of the Arctic Ocean. The danger of oil pollution of the marine environment is associated with plans for its production on the continental shelf of the Russian Federation. The oil and gas production complex in the Russian Arctic regions are being formed on the basis of already discovered fields and will develop as other promising fields are developed.

Going native in the north: reconsidering British attitudes during the Franklin search, 1848–1859

Polar Record ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice Cavell
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Newspaper Coverage ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The North ◽  
Survival Skills ◽  
Cultural Stigma ◽  
Going Native

ABSTRACTThis article critically examines the assumption that the men of Sir John Franklin's last Arctic expedition died because, influenced by the characteristic British cultural prejudices of their time, they refused to employ Inuit survival skills. Since no detailed records from this expedition have ever been found, there is no direct evidence about the attitudes held or actions taken by its members. The article therefore draws on another source: the very extensive British periodical and newspaper coverage of the Franklin search. The writers who contributed to this literature knew even less than is now known about the events of the last Franklin expedition, but their speculations about the probable fate of the lost explorers reflect the beliefs about the Arctic and its people that prevailed at the time. Especially during the early 1850s, the great majority of periodical writers believed that Franklin and his men had gone native in order to survive. It is therefore evident that there was no cultural stigma attached to adopting the Inuit way of life in times of need.

scholarly journals THE MULTI-ROAD MODUS IN THE LIFE STRATEGY OF INDIGENOUS MINORITIES OF THE NORTH OF YAKUTIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-126
Author(s):  
Ekaterina N. Romanova ◽  
◽  
Vanda B. Ignatyeva ◽  
Evdokiya K. Alekseeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Life Strategy ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Road ◽  
Language Identity ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
The North ◽  
Indigenous Minorities ◽  
The Republic

The article analyzes the problems of mobility of indigenous minorities of the North of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) — the Evenks, Evens, Dolgans, Chukchi and Yukaghirs, whose language, identity and culture were formed in conditions of prolonged exposure to permafrost and the cold. Using Russian and foreign anthropological and sociological “mobile” ideas and theories, the paper examined and reinterpreted spiritual meanings and material practices of the movement and their representations; it expanded the understanding of the phenomenon of the movement as a social flow and a locomotive of their development, transformation, and modernization. The authors also studied the historical and anthropological concept of “multi-roadness” as a structureforming principle of life, sacred and profane world, travel strategy in life scenarios in a variety of its manifestations in history and modernity of the peoples of the North and the Arctic. Within the framework of interdisciplinary discourse, the authors develop the concept of “northernness” as a way of life in different texts (scientific, verbal, artistic, visual, field) of indigene communities of the Far North. The study has established that the “northern” way of life of tundra and taiga nomads is inseparable from the road “paradigm” and associated with the modus “multi-road” as a way to adapt to the changing reality, a strategy of choosing new life trajectories, focused on sustainable development of indigenous minorities of the North.

scholarly journals Transformation Processes and Nutrition Factor in the Far North Residents' Resilience System

2021 ◽  
pp. 190-214
Author(s):  
Tatyana I. TROSHINA ◽  
◽  
Olga M. MOROZOVA ◽  
Nadezhda A. VOROBYEVA ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Social Research ◽  
World Order ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The North ◽  
Short Period

One of the global challenges of our time is the conflict of man and human communities with the rapidly changing world order, which has an aspect lying at the intersection of culture and human physiology — the conformity of food behavior to lifestyle and the environment. The vitality and resilience of modern humans is subjected to special challenges. Comfortable conditions of existence in the modern world have a reverse side, expressed in diseases associated with sedentary lifestyle, psychotraumatization, violation of the usual nutrition pattern. These changes are especially noticeable on the example of indigenous peoples of the North, who have lived in relative isolation for a long time, as well as on the example of migrants forced to work in unusual natural and climatic conditions and, in general, abruptly and for a relatively short period of time (which does not allow "launching" the adaptation mechanisms) to change the whole habitual way of life. These categories of population are of special interest for researchers, including in connection with the reactions of body to changes in the food model. The idea of optimal food for the human body, formed in the course of nutriological studies, often contradicts the food traditions of peoples living in conditions far from being favourable. Since the end of the 19th century, balanced consumption of fats, proteins and carbohydrates was perceived as a civilization sign of mature modern society, and any deviations were treated as primitive practices. Over time, the approach to studying the lifestyle of traditional societies evolved from the perspective of the mechanism of human adaptation to different habitats. Traditions, including eating habits, are regarded as an optimum point of survival with the highest level of food, fuel and other material resources available in a given habitat. In addition to the problems of traditional and modernized food supply, the article focuses on the painful conditions associated with the disruption of the habitual way of life, work and nutrition of various groups of northern residents — in historical retrospect and at the present stage. Archive and literary sources, results of modern medical and social research and own field material (ethnosociological and biomedical) were used for the analysis. As a result of the generalization of the data set, which includes the authors' own research, it has been concluded that, in addition to ensuring the supply of basic foodstuffs, preventive medicines and high-quality preventive medicine for permanent residents and temporary workers in the Arctic, it is advisable to take into account the survival practices of indigenous peoples that have been developed over the centuries, creating the conditions for new settlers for assimilation. The credibility of these traditions is given by their high viability and their focus on the ethnic survival of indigenous people in the North.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE UPBRINGING PROCESS IN THE NOMADIC ARCTIC REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Елена Афансьевна Томтосова ◽  
Марина Сергеевна Якушкина
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Pedagogical Practice ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
A Chain

Введение. Кочевые народы Севера, принадлежащие к арктическому миру, можно рассматривать как уникальный результат динамики земной цивилизации. На протяжении многих столетий им удавалось сохранять своеобразный быт и кочевое жизнеустройство как основание эволюции арктической культуры. Сегодня озабоченность у специалистов вызывают частично потерянные к настоящему времени устоявшиеся веками традиционные культурные нормы и ценности, этнические признаки народов северных территорий. Цель – дать характеристику воспитательного процесса в современном кочевом арктическом регионе. Материал и методы. Анализ педагогической литературы, изучение нормативной дoкументации в образовательной сфере, систематизация опыта дошкольных и общеобразовательных организаций Якутии, включенное наблюдение, анкетирование, экспертное оценивание, внедрение полученных результатов в педагогическую практику. Результаты и обсуждение. Проанализирован процесс создания воспитательного пространства дошкольной кочевой структуры, кочевой общеобразовательной организации, арктического региона, в котором есть кочевые поселения. Обосновано, что воспитательное пространство кочевой дошкольной образовательной структуры рассматривается как среда, механизмом самоорганизации которой являются ценностно ориентированные встречи педагога и ребенка, педагогические со-бытия с участием детей и родителей, иных значимых для ребенка взрослых. Исследование истоков воспитания народов северных территорий расширяет представления о многообразии практик воспитания. Взаимопроникновение культуры народов современной Якутии усиливает потребность в актуализации этнокультурного опыта. В ходе исследования выявлены самобытные практики воспитания, связанные с использованием, например, эвенского традиционного календаря, фольклорных текстов, частушек (кэйнэйрся), загадок (тумта), поговорок (боду), мифов, песен (балы) и пр. Заключение. Процесс воспитания школьников-северян может быть представлен логичной последовательностью, выраженной в виде схемы-цепочки семейного, общинного, дошкольного и школьного воспитания. Схема может быть диссеминирована в разные территориальные образования. Возрождаемый сегодня кочевой уклад должен иметь правовую легитимность, обоснованную действующим государственным законодательством, и признаваться как свободный выбор каждым северянином своего жизненного пути. Introduction. The nomadic peoples of the North, belonging to the Arctic world, can be regarded as a unique result of the dynamics of earthly civilization. For many centuries, they managed to preserve a peculiar way of life and a nomadic life arrangement as the basis for the evolution of the Arctic culture. Today, specialists are concerned about the traditional cultural norms and values, ethnic characteristics of the peoples of the northern territories, which have been partially lost by the present time, which have been established for centuries. The purpose of the article is to characterize the upbringing process in the modern nomadic Arctic region. Research methods: analysis of pedagogical literature, study of normative documentation in the educational sphere, systematization of the experience of preschool and general education organizations in Yakutia; involved surveillance; questioning; expert assessment; implementation of the results obtained in pedagogical practice. Results and discussion. The process of creating an upbringing space for a preschool nomadic structure, a nomadic general educational organization, an Arctic region with nomadic settlements have been analyzed. It has been substantiated that the upbringing space of a nomadic preschool educational structure is considered as an environment, the mechanism of (self) organization of which is goal-oriented and value-oriented meetings between a teacher and a child, pedagogical events with the participation of children, parents and other adults that are significant for a child. Conclusion. The process of upbringing of schoolchildren-northerners can be represented by a logical sequence, expressed in the form of a chain scheme-of family, community, preschool and school upbringing. The scheme can be disseminated into different territorial entities. The nomadic way of life being revived today must have legal legitimacy, justified by the current state legislation, and be recognized as a free choice by each northerner of his life path.

WARMING IN THE ARCTIC: OPPORTUNITIES AND RISKS

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-87
Author(s):  
Irina Zhilina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The North ◽  
The Way

The dynamics and forecasts of climate change in the Arctic as a result of global warming on the planet are considered. The article analyzes the influence of climate change on the natural environment, some sectors of the economy and social sphere of the Arctic zone of Russia, and the way of life of the indigenous peoples of the North.

scholarly journals Ethnic Features of the Settlement of the Yakuts in the Late XX and Early XXI Centuries

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Dariia Grigorevna Bragina
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Central Yakutia ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
The Republic

As you know, the nature and use of space for the resettlement of ethnic groups is important for the study of ethnocultural identity and ethnicity in general. This article is devoted to the influence of the ethnic factor on the features of the settlement of the Yakuts, the indigenous population of the North-East of Siberia of the Russian Federation in extreme, sharply continental climate conditions. The author draws attention to the fact that the natural habitat acquires an ethnic orientation of survival in these conditions. It is now recognized that the indigenous people, like the Yakuts, have acquired high adaptive capabilities in extreme conditions for many generations. The bulk of the Yakuts live in the countryside of central Yakutia, and only a small part of the Yakut ethnic group lives in the northern ulus of the republic. On the territory of central Yakutia there are meadow «islands», the so-called alases (from the Yakut word «alaas») suitable for cattle breeding and horse breeding. Haymaking is the basis of the Yakuts' hay and pasture cattle breeding. Northern cattle breeding, with its haymaking as a traditional way of farming, is known to contribute to the formation of behavioral stereotypes of the Yakuts. Nevertheless, we note that in the modern conditions of globalization, industrial development of the North, value orientations are also changing, many traditional stereotypes of Yakut behavior are being overcome. The article draws attention to the traditional outlook of the Yakuts about the spiritual unity of man and nature, that the sustainable development of the Yakuts is largely related to the problem of the ecology of ethnic culture.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of the formation and transformation of cultural landscape of the historical settlements of Onezhskoye Pomorye

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Aleksei Aleksandrovich Usov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Arkhangelsk Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Russian North

The object of this research is the historical,-cultural and natural environment of historical settlements of the Russian North. The subject of this research is the traditional dwelling as a factor of formation and transformation of the cultural landscape of Onezhskoye Pomorye. The goal lies in studying the peculiarities of formation and transformation of cultural landscape of the rural settlements Onezhskoye Pomorye based on the material of traditional dwelling. The research relies on the empirical data acquired in the course of expedition of the Scientific Center for Traditional Culture and Museum Practices of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences to Onezhsky District of Arkhangelsk Region (2018–2021);archival sources of A.V. Shchusev State Museum of Architecture (Moscow), experience of exploring the monuments of wooden architecture of the open-air museum “Malye Korely” (Arkhangelsk Region). The data were obtained by photofixation of the architectural monuments, schematic measurements, and ethnographic survey conducted among local residents using the method of interview. The research employs the original methodology developed by the Doctor of Culturology A. B. Permilovskaya on the architectural-ethnographic exploration of the sites of wooden architecture. Cultural landscape of Onezhskoye Pomorye (and the Russian North overall) primarily is the landscape of rural historical settlements. Northern settlements emerged in close connection with the natural landscape and transformed it into a cultural one. Special role in this process was played by the local population – the Pomors, who were guided by the principles of creating compact settlements, with closed type of dwelling to due to the harsh climate. The adaptive capabilities of traditional dwelling, reflected in its architectural design, allowed the people to survive in the severe conditions of the North. The dwelling is a reflection of natural space of the Russian North and the Arctic, passed through the “prism” of local mentality and carpenter's culture, coexistence of man and the surrounding natural environment, special marker of the North Russian identity, and intrinsic part of the North Russian cultural landscape.

Time-Based Prospective Memory in Schoolchildren

2011 ◽  
Vol 219 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babett Voigt ◽  
Ingo Aberle ◽  
Judith Schönfeld ◽  
Matthias Kliegel
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Strategic Monitoring ◽  
Primary School Age

The present study examined age differences in time-based prospective memory (TBPM) in primary school age children and tested the role of self-initiated memory retrieval and strategic time monitoring (TM) as possible developmental mechanisms. Fifty-four children were recruited from local primary schools (27 younger children, mean age = 7.2 ± 0.55 years, and 27 older children, mean age = 9.61 ± 0.71 years). The task was a driving game scenario in which children had to drive a vehicle (ongoing task) and to remember to refuel before the vehicle runs out of gas (TBPM task, i.e., the fuel gauge served as child-appropriate time equivalent). Fuel gauge was either displayed permanently (low level of self-initiation) or could only be viewed on demand by hitting a button (high level of self-initiation). The results revealed age-dependent TBPM differences with better performance in older children. In contrast, level of self-initiated memory retrieval did not affect TBPM performance. However, strategies of TM influenced TBPM, as more frequent time checking was related to better performance. Patterns of time checking frequency differed according to children’s age and course of the game, suggesting difficulties in maintaining initial strategic TM in younger children. Taken together, the study revealed ongoing development of TBPM across primary school age. Observed age differences seemed to be associated with the ability to maintain strategic monitoring.

To the issue of application of thermoplastic reinforced pipes for the construction of oil and gas pipelines in the Arctic

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
A. A. Tolmachev ◽  
V. A. Ivanov ◽  
T. G. Ponomareva
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Environmental Disasters ◽  
The North ◽  
Reinforcing Fibers ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies ◽  
Reinforcing Layer

Ensuring the safety of oil and gas facilities and increasing their facility life are today one of the most important tasks. Emergencies related to rupture and damage of steel pipelines because of their wear and tear and external factors are still the most frequent cases of emergencies during the transportation of hydrocarbons. To expand the fuel and energy complex in the north, in the direction of the Arctic, alternative types of pipelines are needed that solve the problems of reducing energy and labor costs in oil and gas companies, reducing the risk of environmental disasters and depressurization of pipelines during hydrocarbon production. Fiber-reinforced thermoplastic pipes can be such an alternative. This article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the materials of a composite system consisting of a thermoplastic pipe (inner layer) and reinforcing fibers (outer layer); we are discussing the design of the structural system consisting of polyethylene (inner layer) and aramid fibers (outer reinforcing layer).

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