scholarly journals ETHICS OF DECISION MAKING IN MEDICINE IN THE ERA OF TECHNICAL REVOLUTION

Bioethics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Natalya N. Sedova ◽  
◽  
Tatyana I. Guba ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Human Enhancement ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Technological Revolution ◽  
Scientific Context ◽  
Enhancement Technologies ◽  
Technical Revolution

Which way do world outlooks, scientific findings and empiric evaluations correlate with each other in decision making in medicine? The answer to this question is given in the scientific context. There is a theory of decision making which is in demand by medical professionals, though not enough yet [1, 2]. So, what is the theory of decision making and to what extent its advancement may be applied to medicine with growing contradictions of technological revolution and human bioevolution? The choice of tactics in a patient’s management does not depend exclusively on clinical decisions. A doctor’s moral stand plays a significant role in decision making in medicine. This article deals with some factors that have effect on this stand. The role of ethical expert examination is substantiated. It is particularly important due to implementation of «human enhancement» technologies in medical practice. Decision making is always associated with a choice of options. Moral considerations are a key point that must influence this choice under uncertain predictions concerning application of new biotechnologies.

Treatment of Disabled Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-572
Author(s):  
PAUL F. WEHRLE
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Services ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Health And Human Services ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Baby Doe ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
Seriously Ill

In Reply.— I am concerned that the Academy's position on treatment decisions regarding seriously ill newborns may have been construed to be one in alliance with the government's hard-line stand on interventionism and insistence upon treatment. It has always been our position that neither the government nor the courts should interfere in decisions best made by parents in consultation with medical professionals. The Academy is as committed to this concept today as it was when it first challenged the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) and successfully struck down the first "Baby Doe" rule which ignored the role of parents in this critical decision-making arena.

Limits—The Role of the Law in Bioethical Decision Making, by Roger B. Dworkin. Bloomington (IN): Indiana University Press, 1996. 205 pp.

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
Ben A. Rich
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
Indiana University ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bioethical Issues ◽  
The Law

Anyone with so much as a passing familiarity with bioethics knows how significantly and persistently (at least since mid-century) the law has insinuated itself into healthcare and the process of bioethical decisionmaking. Viewed from the insular perspective of traditional medical practice and medical ethics, it is not surprising that the “legalization” of the patient–physician relationship and clinical judgment has been characterized by some as pernicious. What is much more surprising, however, is when a book by a professor of law evinces the same jaundiced view of the role of law in this area. Nonetheless, the “limits” that Professor Dworkin considers to be inherent in the capacity of the law to resolve bioethical issues are significant, and hence in his opinion the role of the law should be severely circumscribed. This gloomy portrait of the “havoc” wreaked by law upon the landscape of medical practice, painted by a lawyer, stands in stark contrast to an earlier and much more sympathetic account offered by Columbia University historian and medical humanities professor David J. Rothman in his 1991 book Strangers at the Bedside, the informative subtitle of which is A History of How Law and Bioethics Transformed Medical Decision Making.

Immunizing Children: A Qualitative Analysis of Future Parental Decision Making

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1032-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah C. Espeleta ◽  
Lana O. Beasley ◽  
Leigh E. Ridings ◽  
Tyler J. Smith ◽  
Jennifer D. Shields
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Parental Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Model

Vaccinations are considered one of public health’s greatest accomplishments. Despite evidence for vaccine effectiveness, uptake levels are still well below the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s guidelines. The immunization decision-making process for parents is complex and depends on factors associated with knowledge and experiences. This qualitative study sought to expand on a previous decision-making model for immunizations by examining how individuals receive vaccination information, determining the role of experience in influencing decisions, and understanding how young adults might locate vaccination information in the future. Three focus groups were conducted with 29 undergraduate students without children. Results suggest that young adults exhibit an awareness of information regarding vaccine use and effectiveness, value doctor opinions and recommendations, and desire more robust research on vaccinations. Implications of these results include the importance of (1) disseminating vaccination education to young adults, (2) enhancing consistency/trust between medical professionals and youth, and (3) expanding public policy to increase vaccine uptake.

If You Want to Trigger an Emotional Purchase, Don't Make Your Customers Think

2020 ◽  
pp. 176-192
Author(s):  
Liraz Margalit
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Theory ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Purchase Decisions ◽  
Gut Feelings ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Impulse Purchase ◽  
Logical Process

The classic economic theory describes consumers as rational economic actors that select an alternative only after considering all the relevant information. However, while the logical process is certainly a key factor in considered purchases such as insurance or financial products, it is actually detrimental to the retail-consumer industry, where emotional decision making or the impulse purchase plays a central role. Although we like to think of ourselves as rational creatures, absorbing information, weighing it carefully, and making thoughtful decisions, many of our most crucial choices are made by what we call hunches, gut feelings and a somewhat automatic reaction that is beyond or beneath consciousness. We like to refer to this feeling as intuition (“I have a very good feeling about this house”), but the reality is that this “intuition” is an established part of emotion-based learning. This chapter deals with the significant role of emotions in everyday purchase decisions.

Categorization of Events in Security Scenarios

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 274-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashanth Rajivan ◽  
Emmanouil Konstantinidis ◽  
Noam Ben-Asher ◽  
Cleotilde Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Threat Level ◽  
Security Event ◽  
The Relationship

An essential skill in security involves categorizing events based on observed event attributes. That is, determining threat level and priority of the event when choosing an appropriate response action. To explore the basic mechanisms of learning and decision making, we conducted two experiments wherein participants were asked to categorize security events into four categories on the basis of the cues that define each event. Participants had no prior knowledge about the relationship between events and categories and through 128 categorization trials they had to learn the relationship between them using feedback received per trial in terms of rewards (higher reward for appropriate categorization). Results from the experiments demonstrate the significant role of task abstraction and experiment context in the categorization success. The effect of heuristics and knowledge on categorization performance was measured and compared. We conclude with recommendation for future experiments on learning and decision making in security event categorization.

Factors influencing voting intentions for Egyptian parliament elections 2011

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Abdel Rahman Farrag ◽  
Hamed Shamma
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Political Marketing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Media

Purpose – This study measures to what extent different factors including Islamic religious beliefs influenced Egyptian's voting behavior intentions in the last parliament elections, given the moderating effect of the media and its role in shaping the existence of the Islamic political brand in Egypt. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Qualitative research was initially conducted to modify the Newman and Sheth model to fit the Egyptian culture. A final total of 401 Muslim citizens that participated in the last parliament elections were then surveyed via face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Findings – Most factors related to voting for a specific candidate or party seemed to be important for voters' in their decision making, specifically personal events related to the candidate, candidate's image, current events surrounding the elections process, interest in issues and policies and religious beliefs that was added by the authors to the model. The media also had a high level of importance and influence over the relationship between some of the factors affecting voter's decision and voter's behavioral intentions. Overall, citizens demonstrated approach voting behavioral intentions towards the elections process and indicated that they would actively participate in the upcoming elections. Pearson correlations and further analysis were also run to investigate the nature of relationships between the factors understudy and voting behavioral intentions; most of which had significant relationships, as well as the significant role of the media. Some factors were excluded after running stepwise regression for testing the fitness of the model proposed. Research limitations/implications – Study covering the capital city of Egypt; Cairo only. Practical implications – It has become important for politicians and governments to understand what are the genuine needs of their societies and what are citizens looking for in political candidates and parties. Political marketing and particularly understanding voting behavior is a booming area that has become an important tool for building political brands as witnessed by this research and how it was used by Islamists to reach voter's and affect their decision making. Originality/value – This research paper sheds the light on a very contemporary area related to political marketing which is political campaigning and factors affecting voters' intentions given the significant role of candidate's religious beliefs. Furthermore, focusing on the rise of Islamic political parties that are actively becoming important members of the political landscape in the Arab region after a long time of undercover practice and struggle with previous governments before the Arab spring events.

scholarly journals The Role of Gender and Education on Decision-Making

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-130
Author(s):  
Mostert Jacques ◽  
Gulseven Osman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Education Sector ◽  
Female Teachers ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Decision Making Processes

AbstractIn this article we investigated the predominance of six unique dimensions of decisionmaking. We defined those dimensions as rationality, acuity, autonomy, openness, control, and emotion-neutrality. Our data is based on an online survey conducted on a global scale. From this survey, we received a total of 356 responses, of which 204 (57.3%) are females, and 152 (42.70%) are males. Of the respondents, 139 (39.04%) work in the education sector as teachers, academicians, lab instructors, course assistants and the remainder in other occupations. Our results suggest that emotion-neutrality is positively associated with all the dimensions of decision-making except acuity. We found that emotion-neutrality plays a significant role in the decision-making processes. However, female respondents perceive themselves to be less emotion-neutral, a finding that is amplified in the education sector. Thus, female teachers are more likely to make emotional decisions.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PANCHKARMA W.S.R. TO THE MANASA VIKARA: A REVIEW

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Mandeep Kaur ◽  
Rakesh Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Emotional Disturbance ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
The Body ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Mental Functions

Anciently Indian system of medicine describes two types of diseases sharirik and manasika according to the location and doshik involvement. Literature reveals that mental disorders (manasa vikara) possess significant relation with the body. The manasa vikara are due to the impairment of common mental functions; alpa stwa, vitiation of sharirik and manas dhosas and vitiation of manovah srotas. Mans vikara may also resulted from emotional disturbance due to derangement of rajo and tamo dhosa. Ancient observation of medical practice emphasizes significant role of purification/shodhna therapy in manasa vikara; this article summarizes role of purification/shodhna therapy such as; Panchacarma in the management of mental disorders.

A survey on national culture and corporate financial decisions: current status and future research

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Kutan ◽  
Usama Laique ◽  
Fiza Qureshi ◽  
Ijaz Ur Rehman ◽  
Faisal Shahzad
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Investment Efficiency ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Financial Decision Making ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Financial Decision

PurposeThe extant literature provides substantial evidence that various facets of national culture play a significant role in corporate financial decision making. We systematically review the role of national culture on the various thematic domains of corporate financial decision making to outline what have been studies thus far and what needs to be studied.Design/methodology/approachKeywords such as national culture, organizational culture, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, risk aversion and individualism for a search in the prominent academic literature databases are used. The studies related to the corporate financial decision making that is tied with these keywords are identified and selected for the systematic review.FindingsThe review of extant literature suggests strong evidence that national culture has a significant role in influencing corporate cash holding, corporate risk-taking, individual behaviour of the financial managers and initial public offering by the corporations. The review also indicates, although extant studies have examined the role of national culture in the key corporate financial decisions, evidence on the role of national culture in the firm's investment efficiency aspects is rather scarce. Also, what explains the role of national culture in corporate financial decision making has not been empirically exploited through causal mechanisms.Practical implicationsThe findings of the studies help advance our understanding of the current research status concerning the role played by the national culture in shaping corporate financial decisions and raise important future calls.Originality/valueTo best of our knowledge, no prior study has systematically reviewed the role of national culture in the thematic domains of corporate financial decision making.

scholarly journals Role of Children in the Case of Parental Food Store Choice

Economica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-187
Author(s):  
Éva Pólya ◽  
Kata Földi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Purchase Decision ◽  
Food Store ◽  
Consumer Socialization ◽  
Store Choice ◽  
Decision Making Unit ◽  
The Family ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Family as a primary decision making unit of society have a significant role in purchase decision making processes of individuals. It has a significant role in consumer socialization and in the process how children become consumers. It is a frame, within what children learn to behave as consumers, acquire allcompetencies concerning to purchase and consumption, and hence become competent to other consumers. Change of children’s role within the family is in the air in the last period, and this has an effect on purchase decision making processes within the family maybe on food store choice too. 

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