scholarly journals Evaluating Living Standards Of Families With Children: Analitical Capabilities of Research Studies Performed by Rosstat

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-79
Author(s):  
Vladimir Arkhangel’skiy ◽  
Valeriy Yelizarov ◽  
Natal’ya Dzhanayeva
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Families With Children

The article analyzes the possibilities of using data from various surveys conducted by Rosstat to assess the standard of living of families with children. It is important to focus both on objective parameters (primarily income) and on a subjective assessment (degree of income adequacy, satisfaction with living standards, etc.), which may be a more significant determinant of social well-being and behaviour in various spheres of life.The Object of the Study is families with children under the age of 18.The Subject of the Study is the standard of living of families with children under the age of 18. The article discusses both the theoretical and practical aspects of this subject of study.The Theoretical Aspect of the Subject is approaches to an objective and subjective assessment of the standard of living.The Empirical Aspect of the Subject is the differences in objective parameters and the subjective assessment of the standard of living of families depending on the number of children.The Purpose of the Studyis studying differences in the standard of living of families depending on the number of children and assessing the analytical capabilities of its information support using the results of surveys conducted by Rosstat.The article discusses the possibilities of using various indicators, information on which is contained in the data of Rosstat surveys, to assess and analyze differences in the size and structure of income, as well as a subjective assessment of the standard of living in families with different numbers of children. The main attention is paid to the materials “Sampling Observation of Population Income and Participation in Social Programs” (2012, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017), “Comprehensive Observation of Living Conditions of the Population” (2011, 2014 and 2016) and “Sampling Observation of Reproductive Population Plans "2012”. The programs of those surveys are analyzed from the point of view of the possibilities of their use for assessing and analyzing differences in the standard of living of families with different numbers of children. The results of the “Selective Observation of Incomes of the Population and Participation in Social Programs” showed that with a larger number of children under the age of 18 in a family, the average per capita cash income is significantly less. Significant differences in the amount of income from work activity are smoothed to a very small extent by relatively large benefits, compensation and other social payments with a larger number of children in the family. According to the 2012 Selective Observation of the Reproduction Plans of the Population, the difference in the average per capita income depending on the number of children in the family is substantially less than the results of the Selective Observation of Population Incomes and Participation in Social Programs (due to the higher indicated incomes in families with three or more children), and differences in the assessment of living standards are relatively small.

scholarly journals Differentiation of Assessments of Significance of Measures of Assistance to Families with Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
Valeriy Yelizarov ◽  
Vladimir Arkhangel’skiy ◽  
Natal’ya Dzhanayeva
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Subsistence Level ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Support Measures ◽  
The Family ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Families With Children ◽  
The Impact

The Object of the Study - families with children.The Subject of the Study is the importance for families with children of various support measures.Purpose of the Study is studying of the significance of measures to help families with children, depending on the living standards and regional differences in the estimates.The Main Provisions of the Article. The problem of poverty of families with children remains relevant. Moreover, the situation has deteriorated in recent years. Thus, the proportion of children under 7 living in households with per capita incomes below the subsistence level increased from 15.6% in 2012 to 28.0% in 2017.Having children increases the risk of poverty for the family. Most families are interested in various support measures, primarily economic, financial. But how do families with children evaluate existing measures and proposed ones?The significance of assistance to families with children varies depending on different characteristics of the family, and above all, on the standard of living achieved. The differences can be considered both at the level of families with different incomes and different assessments of living standards as well as in inter-regional comparisons.Taking the differences into account is important for evaluating the effectiveness of existing measures and developing proposals for expanding family support measures.One of the largest, representative surveys allowing for inter-regional comparisons and containing information on assessing the significance of measures to help families with children is the 2015 microcensus of the Russian population. In the microcensus questionnaire there was a question about conditions that could contribute to the birth of the desired number of children. It was proposed on a five-point scale to assess the possible degree of influence of various measures of assistance to families with children, both existing and those that could possibly be introduced in the future. Of the current measures, the highest rating was given to federal maternal (family) capital. Women, on average, compared with men, rated the significance of almost all measures slightly higher. The estimates obtained differ between the subjects of Russiya. Thus, the importance of maternal capital turned out to be higher in those subjects of Russiya where the indicators of living standards and, above all, per capita incomes are lower.To analyze the impact of living standards on assessing the significance of measures to help families with children, correlation coefficients between assessing the significance of measures and available indicators of living standards (average per capita income, lack of available resources in low-income households, share of people with incomes below the subsistence level, etc.) were calculated.In conclusion, new measures to support families with children that were not there at the time of the survey in 2015 have been considered. It is being planned to further develop measures to reduce the poverty of families with children, both at the federal and regional levels. Additional sample studies are needed to answer the questions: how the measures already taken reduce the poverty of families with children, which prevents the implementation of existing measures with greater effectiveness, what kind of support measures do families with different numbers of children need to develop

scholarly journals Factors of Poverty of Families with Children and Prospects of Its Reduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
Valeriy Yelizarov ◽  
Arseniy Sinitsa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Households With Children ◽  
Families With Children

The authors consider the data of Rosstat, which characterize the poverty of households and families with children in the country as a whole. The analysis was carried out taking into account the demographic characteristics of families and households, since they have a significant impact on poverty rates. The expenditures of families and households with children, income and its purchasing power of families with children, features of employment and unemployment of women with children, and living conditions of families with children are considered.The Object of the Study are families with children.The Subject of the Study is the poverty of families with children.The Purpose of the Study. Study of indicators on living conditions of families with children, and determining the main factors of poverty.The Main Provisions of the Article. Families with children are one of the most needy groups of the population, since their income is usually not sufficient to maintain an acceptable standard of living. Families with children make up the majority of all the poor.In recent years, the poverty of families with children has increased in many ways (for example, the number of poor families and their share among all poor people has increased, their income deficit has risen, irrespective of the fact that the employment of women with children in pre-school age has also increased). This indicates the lack of progress in addressing this important social problem, such as reducing poverty in families with children.The article highlights the main factors that hinder the improvement of living standards for families with children.The most important factor is the number of children in the family, as well as their age. There are more poor people in the families with a large number of children and families with children under the age of three. This is partly due to the low level of development of the network of preschool institutions, as well as to low incomes, since in such families women's employment is low. The second important factor is the fact of living in rural areas, where the birth rate is higher and the quality of life is lower. The third factor is the number of adults in the family (including those who are older than working age) who have incomes. The poverty of families with children is primarily influenced by demographic factors, the significance of which is especially high caused by low wages and small amounts of state benefits.The study will provide a better understanding of the nature and consequences of poverty of families with children in regions with different socioeconomic indicators and develop a differentiated system of measures aimed at improving their standard of living, taking into account these differences, including taking into account regional features. Further studies of the factors and extent of poverty will help to objectively assess the possibilities of influencing various factors and, in fact, the prospects for reducing poverty.

Poverty of Families with Children: Problems of Definition and Measurement, Regional Characteristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
V. Yelizarov ◽  
A. Sinitsa
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Economics Of The Family ◽  
Demographic Effect ◽  
The Family ◽  
Families With Children

The Object of the Study. Families with children.The Subject of the Study. The poverty of families with children.The Purpose of the Study. Studying of the characteristics and the ability to measure the poverty level of families with children, at the regional level in particular.The Main Provisions of the Article. The article deals with devoted to the methodological aspects of the poverty of families with children and the peculiarities of its study in recent decades. The standard of living of families and the poverty of families with children have traditionally been considered as socioeconomic problems, and therefore the tasks of reducing poverty and cutting the income deficit have been formulated as tasks within the framework of social policy, taking into account the constraints imposed by resource opportunities. At the same time, in demography and the economics of the family, the standard of living of families has always been considered as one of the important factors in the formation of the family and the fertility, affecting the number of children in the family, births postponing and giving up subsequent births, and family stability. The article justifies the urgency of the poverty of families with children reducing problem, since this category of families currently stands at approximately 60% of all poor families in Russia. Existing definitions of poverty and approaches to its measurement, indicators of poverty dynamics, sources and types of statistical data available to researchers for poverty analysis at the regional level are considered, and three types of effects have been determined: economic effect (growth of purchasing power of families with children, expansion of opportunities for combining work with the family life, incentives for the development of relevant sectors that produce goods and services for families with children); social effect (reduction of social and gender inequality, increasing of starting opportunities for development of children in families with low income) and demographic effect (allowing more families to plan children's births freely and responsibly, realizing their desire to have several children, slowing down the forthcoming birth rate decline, enabling to raise more healthy and educated children).

Household Forms and Living Standards in Preindustrial France: From Models to Realities

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoinette Fauve-Chamoux
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
French Studies ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Urban Workers ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Life Course

The study raises the question of whether it is possible to verify Rowntree's and Chayanov's models of recurrent poverty and economic tensions during the life course of proletarian families, by using recent French studies on peasants and urban workers since the seventeenth century. Using evidence from preindustrial France about the poor, the study examines family size and the amplitude of social differentiation in the rural and urban context. The number of children living at home does not appear to have a negative influence on the standard of living. No correlation was found in Rheims between the appearance or nonappearance of families on the tax rolls and the vital evolution of the family life course. These findings indicate the absence of family-regulated poverty over time.

Are Low Income Countries Catching up or Falling Further Behind? Evidence from Income and Demographic Indicators

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-119
Author(s):  
N. Kakwani ◽  
K. Subbarao
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita

The main objective of this paper is to measure changes in living conditions in one hundred and ten countries of the World during the period 1961 to 1990. Our concern is whether the economic and social gap is narrowing or widening. We also examine in which countries has there been a consistent improvement in average living standards. The standard of living is measured in terms of (a) per capita income, (b) life expectancy at birth and (c) infant mortality rate. The justification of these indicators is provided in terms of functionings and capabilities.

Custody of the child’s property

2021 ◽  
Vol 2(24) ◽  
pp. 197-211
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Gałakan-Halicka
Keyword(s):  
Child Custody ◽  
Parental Authority ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Property Management ◽  
Legal Capacity ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Legal Consequences ◽  
Taking Care

The subject of considerations in the article is the issue of the content of parental authority, with particular emphasis on one of its components, namely the care of the child. An analysis of the provisions of the Family and Guardianship Code allows us to assume that the main elements of parental authority are taking care of the child, custody of the child’s property and representing it. Custody of the child’s property is a very important element of parental authority because the child, due to the lack of legal capacity or its limitation, needs the help of its statutory representatives. The statutory representative either performs in person the legal act on behalf of and with legal consequences directly for the child or gives consent to perform it by the minor. In order to ensure the protection of the child’s interests, the legislator introduces certain rules for exercising custody over the child’s property, including the obligation for parents to obtain court permission to perform activities exceeding the scope of day-to-day management, carrying out the property management with due diligence, the principle of an equal standard of living for the family remaining in the household, or the order to make an inventory of the child’s property. The article ends with considerations on the termination of the management and its consequences.

scholarly journals Measuring Regional Differences in Living Standards in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
V. S. Elakhovsky
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Per Capita

The article reflects some of the results of the author’s research on improving the accuracy of statistical assessments of inter-regional differences in the standard of living of the Russian population. Regional differences that have taken place over the past 15 years in the Russian Federation are measured using important indicators of living standards such as average per capita monetary income and final consumption per capita. The author states that the inter-regional differences in the period under review, although present, were quite small and relatively stable over time. Treatment of the results from international comparisons conducted under the auspices of the OECD and according to the author’s calculations related to a set of Russian regions confirms the presence of the Balassa-Samuelson effect. The adjustment of indicators under review to the territorial price index is carried out, as a result of which the level of differentiation of regions becomes noticeably lower, in full accordance with this effect. At the same time, the order of regions in the series ranked by cost of living indicators changes slightly, which leads to the conclusion that the reduction of differentiation by taking into account inter-regional differences in the price level is mainly due to the compression of the range of changes in the monetary indicators of living standards. To check the adequacy of the obtained conclusions, a comparative inter-regional analysis was carried out using some indicators that reflect the standard of living, such as per capita consumption of meat and meat products, housing security, and average life expectancy at birth. To obtain a comparative benchmark for the same set of differentiation measures, differences in living standards are measured for the aggregate of countries in the world as a whole and the aggregate of EU countries in particular. According to the author, the comprehensive use of methods and techniques for inter-regional statistical analysis of the well-being of the population confirms a positive trend in the implementation of one of the directions of current Russian socio-economic policy.

scholarly journals The Impact of Socio-Economic Factors on the Willingness of the Population to Maintain and Accumulate Health Capital

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-191
Author(s):  
L. S. Spankulova ◽  
Y. Nuruly ◽  
A. R. Kerimbayev ◽  
A. Sh. Aimakhanova
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Insurance Market ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
The Family ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Family Living ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

Purpose of the article is to identify the relationship between willingness to support, family living standards and individual’s health self-assessment within the framework of the Kazakhstani population participation of in health insurance. The empirical basis of the study was the archive of sociological survey data, which is based on the population responses, taking into account the opinions in the pharmaceutical industry experts, medical workers and specialists in the insurance market. The results of the statistical analysis showed the presence of significant links between “Willingness to support” and “Self-assessment of individual health”, between “Willingness to support” and “Average monthly income per capita in the family”, as well as between “Willingness to support” and “Family living standards”. It was also found that the willingness to support is different for different strata of the population: among the population with a high self-assessment of health, a high standard of living and a high level of per capita income in the family, it is higher. In addition, the article analyzes the current state of health insurance market in the Republic of Kazakhstan, where, as a result, it was revealed that due to quarantine measures, the number of concluded insurance contracts has almost halved. The results obtained can be used by authorized state bodies in the development of health insurance programs, as well as measures to ensure the safety of the health care system of the Republic of Kazakhstan and policies in the field of effective health care.

scholarly journals Problems of the Debt Load of the Population of Russia and the Altay Kray

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
M. Selivanova ◽  
Yu. Il’yinykh
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Nominal Wage ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Per Capita

The Object of the Study. Organizational and economic relations arising between commercial banks and individuals in the process of crediting.The Subject of the Study. Crediting the population of Russia.The Purpose of the Study. Studying the problem of crediting the population of Russia and the inhabitants of the Altay Kray.The Main Provisions of the Article. The authors have analyzed the credit indebtedness of individuals both in Russia as a whole and in the Siberian Federal Okrug, the volume and share of overdue debt of citizens in particular. Particular attention in the study has been paid to the level of credit burden of the population of Russia and the Altay Kray, the reasons for the crediting of the population of the Altay Territory were investigated. The article gives an assessment of the consequences of population crediting, analyzing the changes in per capita cash income of the population, the average monthly nominal wage of citizens of the Altay Okrug is given. To solve the problems associated with crediting the population, measures such as increasing the financial literacy of the population and improving the living standards of the citizens has been proposed.

scholarly journals Educação Ambiental na escola: estudo da relação entre a alimentação e a produção de resíduos.

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-149
Author(s):  
Ellen Maria Pestili de Almeida ◽  
Solange Maria Montanha ◽  
Patrícia Mariana Costa Santana ◽  
Lanny Cristina Burlandy Soares
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
De Se ◽  
The Subject

Projetos envolvendo a questão do lixo nas escolas têm tomado espaço quando o assunto está relacionado aos temas meio ambiente e sustentabilidade. Porém, a maioria das ações desenvolvidas foca o pós-consumo, enquanto que o trabalho de se repensar o consumo ainda é pouco difundido. Relacionando a alimentação e a geração de resíduos, é de senso comum que o lixo gerado é resultado de um estilo / padrão de vida de uma sociedade: quanto mais rica e consumista ela o for, mais geradora de lixo ela será. Qualquer tentativa de reduzir a quantidade de lixo pressupõe mudanças no comportamento da sociedade. Partindo desse pressuposto, o trabalho desenvolvido pretende estabelecer uma abordagem capaz de fazer com que as pessoas envolvidas repensem seus padrões de vida e de consumo, por meio de uma visão multidisciplinar no que diz respeito à qualidade de vida, alimentação saudável e geração de resíduos. Palavras-chave: Educação ambiental, alimentação, resíduos, ensino formal. ABSTRACT: Projects involving the issue of waste in schools have taken place when the subject is linked to environment and sustainability issues. However, most of the actions developed focuses on the post-consumption, whereas the work of rethinking consumption is still not widespread. Linking food and waste generation, it is common knowledge that the waste generated is the result of a style / standard of living of a society: the richer and consumerist she is, the more it will be generating garbage. Any attempt to reduce the amount of waste requires changes in the behavior of society. Based on this assumption, the work seeks to establish an approach able to get people involved to rethink their living standards and consumption, through a multidisciplinary approach with regard to quality of life, healthy eating and waste generation. Keywords: Environmental education, food, waste, formal education.

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