Return Migration: The Second Major Outbreak due to COVID-19 in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-128
Author(s):  
Shraddha Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Emotional Wellbeing ◽  
Reverse Migration ◽  
Social Communications ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The World ◽  
Major Outbreak ◽  
Internal Migrants ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Insight Into

COVID-19 pandemic made a severe impact on the developing countries. According to the “World Economic Situation and Prospects” report by the United Nations, as of mid-2021, this global crisis has clearly worsened poverty and within-country inequality, and it is expected that it will leave long-lasting scars on labor markets while reversing progress on poverty and income inequality in many economies. The context in India, in this sense, is complex. The article corresponds to the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on internal migration. The rapid spread of the pandemic shook nations across the world, bringing about a broad lockdown that cinched down on versatility, business exercises, and social communications. In India, the pandemic encouraged an extreme emergency of portability, with transient workers in many significant urban areas looking to get back to the places where they were initially from. Their frantic attempts to get back using any and all means accessible delivered the lockdown incapable in a few regions, provoking conflicts with authorities, last-minute approaches, alleviation, and, in the end, unplanned transport measures. This paper expects to reveal insight into the weakness of India's internal migrants as far as their gender, mobility, and emotional wellbeing. As COVID-19 was India’s first significant outbreak in 2020, the “reverse migration” proves to be the second major outbreak.

scholarly journals Affordability of water supply in Mongolia: empirical lessons for measuring affordability

Water Policy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Gawel ◽  
Katja Sigel ◽  
Wolfgang Bretschneider
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Household Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Residual Income Approach ◽  
Insight Into

Affordability of water services is a pressing water policy issue for both the developed and, in particular, for the developing world. Despite its well-known theoretical shortcomings, affordability analysis of water supply has, up to now, been widely based on the ratio of a household's water expenditure to its income, the Conventional Affordability Ratio (CAR). However, in the housing sector, alternative concepts for measuring affordability have been developed, among them being the ‘Potential Affordability Approach’ (PAA) and the ‘Residual Income Approach’ (RIA). Against this background, this paper compares these three prominent affordability measures (CAR, PAA, RIA) on the basis of an empirical case study of a peri-urban, low-income area in the second largest Mongolian city of Darkhan, using household data from a survey conducted in 2009. Thus we gain insight into both the water-related affordability situation of people in Mongolia, checking the World Bank's finding of an absence of water affordability problems in peri-urban areas in the Mongolian capital Ulaanbaatar, as well as into the comparative functionality of different affordability measures. It is shown that affordability problems do occur but have to be distinguished depending on the economic causation. We argue that none of the regarded measures give a satisfyingly contoured notion of affordability properly distinguished from the adjacent problems of poverty and access.

A New Insight into the World Economic Forum Global Risks

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Evans ◽  
Neil Allan ◽  
Neil Cantle
Keyword(s):  
World Economic Forum ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Sustainable Urban Design in Singapore

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S3) ◽  
pp. 944-952
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
First Century ◽  
World Population ◽  
Transportation Energy ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Green City Index

More than half the world population lives in urbanized areas and urban areas are responsible for two thirds of the energy consumption. Sustainable urban design is crucial in order to achieve a sustainable future in the context of climate change, resource depletion and population pressures. Even as the rest of the world is struggling to achieve the various goals for sustainable development the country of Singapore contributes less than 0.2% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Siemens’ Asian Green City Index states that Singapore is Asia’s greenest metropolis. It is ranked second in the World Economic Forum’s Sustainable Competitiveness Index. The country has achieved considerable progress in various areas of sustainability especially in the areas of transportation, energy, building and housing, water and urban farming. Singapore has managed to harness the technological innovations of the twenty first century and apply it in the urban design process thus accomplishing sustainable urban design which not only enhances the environment but also enhances the life of its citizens.

scholarly journals Ceftazidime-avibactam: new rules for the game against multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman S. Kozlov ◽  
Olga U. Stetsiouk ◽  
Irina V. Andreeva
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The World ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Lactamase Inhibitor ◽  
Real Clinical Practice

The rapid spread of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in hospital settings all over the world makes a demand for the new options to overcome antimicrobial resistance. Ceftazidime-avibactam is the first approved antibiotic that contains a new beta-lactamase inhibitor with unique properties. This review provides insight into the spectrum of activity, pharmacological characteristics, data on efficacy and safety of ceftazidime-avibactam obtained from the clinical trials and real clinical practice, as well as prospects for further studies and clinical application of this new antimicrobial agent.

New hope and future for rural areas under COVID-19 circumstances? Rural development, pandemic liveability and reverse migration.

2021 ◽  
pp. 207-221
Author(s):  
Uchendu Eugene Chigbu ◽  
Michael Klaus ◽  
Holger Magel
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Window Of Opportunity ◽  
Rural Migrants ◽  
Reverse Migration ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Opportunity

Abstract The emergence of the 2019 pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease (COVID 19)has triggered movements of people from urban areas to rural areas. This movement is also opening a window of opportunity for strengthening rural areas and fostering the development of rural areas worldwide. It is a potential opportunity for rural development because it can motivate concerted efforts towards achieving sustainable development in rural areas. The incursion of this virus disaster (i.e. the COVID 19 pandemic) is unmasking the vulnerabilities of the urban areas and the resilience of the rural areas. The challenge posed by the pandemic is revealing that the urban areas cannot keep the development promises rural migrants to have always believed they would achieve. Longterm sustainability oriented thinking and practices are needed, and rural focused development innovations must be sought. The material and immaterial values of rural areas must now be recognized and considered in the development of nations. These are necessary to tap into the opportunities presented by the reverse migration being experienced in certain countries of the world. This chapter posits forward looking statements on these rural issues.

Ultrastructure of neuromuscular relationships in the canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis)

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 278-279
Author(s):  
W. L. Steffens ◽  
Nancy B. Roberts ◽  
J. M. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Structural Description ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Canine Heartworm ◽  
The World ◽  
Synaptic Region ◽  
Muscle Innervation ◽  
Insight Into

The canine heartworm is a common and serious nematode parasite of domestic dogs in many parts of the world. Although nematode neuroanatomy is fairly well documented, the emphasis has been on sensory anatomy and primarily in free-living soil species and ascarids. Lee and Miller reported on the muscular anatomy in the heartworm, but provided little insight into the peripheral nervous system or myoneural relationships. The classical fine-structural description of nematode muscle innervation is Rosenbluth's earlier work in Ascaris. Since the pharmacological effects of some nematacides currently being developed are neuromuscular in nature, a better understanding of heartworm myoneural anatomy, particularly in reference to the synaptic region is warranted.

Prescribing trends of antidiabetic drugs in diabetic and hypertensive diabetic patients in an urban tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-343
Author(s):  
Mohammad Didar Khan ◽  
Md. Ibrahim ◽  
Md. Mizanur Rahman Moghal ◽  
Dipti debnath ◽  
Asma Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Patient Profile ◽  
Prescribing Trends ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Insight Into

Objective: The present epidemiological study was conducted with the objectives of providing an insight into the current use of antidiabetic medications to diabetics and hypertensive diabetics in urban areas and determining how the patient factors influence the prescribing of antidiabetic medications. Methodology: Data of patients of past two years were collected from Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The details were entered in the structured patient profile form. Data were statistically analyzed using the Microsoft Excel 2007 software. Result: A total of 958 patient’s data were collected and analyzed of which 632 (65.97 %) were males and 326 (34.03 %) were females. These patients were further categorized based on their age. 330 patients (34.45 %) belonged to the age group 20 – 44 years, 504 (52.61 %) to the age group 45 – 65 years and 124 (12.94 %) to the age group 65 – 80 years. 684 (71.4%) patients out of the 958 patients studied were suffering from coexisting hypertension. Co-existing hypertension was found to be more prevalent in the age group 45 – 65 years (67.69%) and was found more in females (84.04%). Conclusion: Metformin was the oral hypoglycemic which was the highest prescribed. In hypertensive diabetics Metformin and Pioglitazone were most frequently prescribed drugs. Biguanides and Insulin were the most commonly prescribed antidiabetics. A combination of two or more drugs of different classes was prescribed to hypertensive diabetics. It is necessary to have an improved understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of diabetes to focus on research efforts appropriately.

Strategy and Tactics of Monetary Policy during the World Economic Crisis

2010 ◽  
pp. 4-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nekipelov ◽  
M. Golovnin
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Exchange Rate Policy ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
The World ◽  
Rate Policy ◽  
World Economic ◽  
World Economic Crisis ◽  
Qualitative Changes

The paper analyzes the qualitative changes in monetary policy goals and instruments during the world economic crisis of 2007-2009 in industrial countries and Russia; it represents the authors view on Russian monetary policy goals and results on different stages of crisis development. On the basis of the analysis the authors conclude on the necessity of active exchange rate policy in Russia, while developing interest rate instruments, and implementation of some exchange restrictions to prevent crisis contagion in the future.

Principles of Evolutionary Modernization of Transition Economies

2009 ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Rustamov
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Transition Economy ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Governance Mechanisms ◽  
Beneficial Use ◽  
Strategic Issues ◽  
The World ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
World Economic

The article considers strategic issues of modernization of the transition economy. The analysis is based on the methodology of the World Economic Forum where special attention is paid to the sequence of the transformation stages. The main conclusion is that modernization should combine implementation of the governance mechanisms with the beneficial use of comparative advantages of the national culture. In fact, modernization of the transition economy should be evolutionary. It is precisely this course of development that is relevant for Azerbaijan which has successfully upgraded its economy in the recent years.

The world and Russia: Inflation is minimal, economic growth is slowing, risks are rising

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail V. Ershov ◽  
Anna S. Tanasova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Money Creation ◽  
Main Factors

Russian economy has reached the low level of inflation, but economic growth has not accelerated. Moreover, according to official forecasts, in the following years it will still be low. The article concludes that domestic demand, which is one of the main factors of growth, is significantly constrained by monetary, budgetary and fiscal spheres. The situation in the Russian economy is still hampered by the decline of the world economic growth. The prospects of financial markets are highly uncertain. This increases the possibility of crisis in the world. Leading countries widely use non-traditional measures to support their economies in the similar environment. In the world economy as well as in Russia a principally new combination of factors has emerged, which create specific features of economic growth. It requires special set of measures to stimulate such growth. The article proves that Russian regulators have large unused potential to stimulate growth. It includes monetization, long-money creation, budget and tax stimuli. It is important that the instruments, which will be used, should be based on domestic mechanisms. This will strengthen financial basis of the economy and may encourage economic growth. Some specific suggestions as to their use are made.

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