scholarly journals The Future of the Middle Classes as in the «Logic» of the Historical Process in the 20th Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-122
Author(s):  
Alexandr I. Subetto

The Object of the Study. Middle classes in the logic of the historical process in the 20th century. The Subject of the Study. Production relations that determine the fate of the middle classes in capitalist and noosphere - socialist societies. The Purpose of the Study. Development of methodological grounds for predictive research on the problem of the historical fate of the middle classes. The Main Provisions of the Study. The author reveals a theoretical system-a concept that determines the future of the middle classes in Russia and in the world, taking into account the era of the Great Evolutionary Change. The scientific and philosophical essay is a kind of theoretical reflection on the problems and assessments that are set and disclosed in the monograph "Middle Classes in Capitalist Russia".

Author(s):  
Mehmet Sami Süygün

Globalization has made the whole world a common market for businesses by removing the commercial borders between countries. Increased competition in the global market has pushed businesses that want to operate in this arena to implement new strategies. As a promotion activity, fairs have been the most important assistant of the companies that want to internationalize over the years. Although the concept of fair organizations has changed with the effect of digitalization in the historical process, fairs still continue their main function of bringing buyers and sellers together. The subject of this chapter is how virtual fairs, which have increased their importance in marketing activities with the pandemic, will affect the future of trade fairs. In this context, the history of the fairs, their place and importance in international marketing, virtual fairs, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the future of international fairs will be discussed.


1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam B. Sanjabi

Ever since the Persian intelligentsia first discovered French literature in the 19th century, it has remained fascinated with its various genres: first with the writings of the Philosophe, then with the Romantics, the roman aventure, the realists, and, in the mid-20th century, with the existentialists and the thèâtre absurde. Moliere's comedies, in particular, were the subject of great interest and the source of many adaptations in the secularizing Iran of the Constitutional period (1905–19) and the Reza Shah era (1921–41). These comedies, often staged with the government's blessing in the newly built playhouses in Tehran and other major cities, had a great impact on the ethos of the growing urban middle classes, who viewed theater-going as a chic habit with a moral essence.


1928 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
L. M. Butt

The subject of Disability and Sickness benefits in conjunction with Life Assurance is of recent growth. The only occasions when the Members of the Institute have had the matter before them appears to have been in 1911 when a paper was read by W. C. Fielder before this Society, and in 1924 when a discussion took place at one of the General Meetings of the Institute.The immense strides that have been made in America in the last five years, and the latent interest aroused in this country, as reflected by the amount which has been written in Insurance publications will, I hope, justify a discussion of the subject once more.It will not be out of place to quote the following from a recent number of The Review:“The attitude of British Actuaries on this question (Sickness and Disability benefits) is perhaps best described as one of neutrality. Were circumstances to force them to a decision for, or against, it would seem probable that many would be antagonistic. In the meantime, so long as they are not forced into open hostility they are prepared to ignore the business as much as possible. This is, of course, no more than an impression gathered from conversations here and there, and odds and ends of information that have come to hand from time to time. We imagine, however, that it comes fairly near to being an accurate statement of the case. If that be so then we can but regret it. The value of Disability Insurance to the public is so great, the amount of suffering it could eliminate so large that were Actuaries busily engaged in searching for the means of making it universally available the middle classes might look to the future with greater confidence.”


2014 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 351-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Drzewiecka

The end of eschatology? Searching for a modus existendi according to (post-)modern Bulgarian apocryphaThe paper is an attempt to reflect on the place of eschatological themes in modern and post-modern Bulgarian literature from the viewpoint of the istory of ideas. The objective of the study is literary paraphrases of the evangelical history of the 20th and early 21st centuries, which are perceived as modern apocrypha and thus as evidence of philosophical exploration of the epoch. These are placed in the context of three worldview systems competing in Europe: Judeo-Christian, Gnostic (Esoteric), and rationalistic (the Enlightenment), which considered as a epistemological paradigms (or ideal types) serve only as a hermeneutic perspective. In this light, the authors’ paraphrases about God’s Kingdom (and its Prophet and Messiah) give a diagnosis about the present crisis (of values), and therefore define an evil, speaking in fact about the Bulgarian search for a Modus Existendi. Their soteriological proposal bring about an eschatological perspective, revealing some ethical concepts (hidden in the author’s anthropology). The subject of interest relates to sources of salvation (i.e. the higher good), which manifest itself in the concepts of time (and narrative). Therefore, at the philosophical heart of the paper is Charles Taylor’s idea about the fundamental relation between the concepts of good, self, narrative and society. The analyses are provided in the light of the philosophical reflections of Agata Bielik-Robson, Philip Rieff, Paul Ricoeur, Luis Dupré, and Jacob Taubes.The main aim of the paper is to reveal the progressive process of internalising the sources of salvation, which makes the eschatological perspective disappear. Therefore, after a brief presentation of the Judeo-Christian and Gnostic apocrypha from the first half of the 20th century,in which the promise of (some king of) salvation is still valid, it is shown that most of the Bulgarian apocrypha written after 1989 create an absolutely nihilistic message, since with the help of the positive pattern they give a radically negative interpretation of the world, and thus essentially announce a complete lack of hope for its improvement. Paradoxically however, by creating a world without a good end, by revealing the mechanism of slipping into a Neognostic worldview (based on the reversed Gnostic spiritual monism), the Bulgarian apocrypha illustrate the need for a (re)dynamisation of the axiological sphere, the need for a restoration of multidimensional existence. In consequence, a connection is pointed out – according to Taubes – between the condition of the eschatological man, who pins his hope on the future, and the messianic necessity to approve the ontological leap. Koniec eschatologii? Poszukiwania modus existendi w świetle (po)nowoczesnych apokryfów bułgarskichArtykuł jest próbą refleksji nad miejscem motywów eschatologicznych w nowoczesnej i ponowoczesnej literaturze bułgarskiej z punktu widzenia historii idei. Przedmiotem badania są literackie parafrazy wątków ewangelijnych z XX i początku XXI wieku, które postrzegane są jako nowoczesne apokryfy, i w efekcie jako świadectwa poszukiwań światopoglądowych epoki. Teksty umieszone zostały w kontekście trzech konkurujących ze sobą na gruncie kultury europejskiej światopoglądów: judeochrześcijańskiego, gnostyckiego (ezoterycznego) i racjonalistycznego (oświeceniowego), której wszakże pojęte jako paradygmaty epistemo­logiczne (lub typy idealne) służą jedynie jako perspektywy hermeneutyczne. W tym świetle autorskie parafrazy o Królestwie Bożym (oraz jego proroku i Mesjaszu) budują diagnozę na temat aktualnego kryzysu (wartości) i w efekcie definiują zło, tj. ukazują w istocie bułgarskie poszukiwania Modus Existendi. Ich soteriologiczna propozycja aktualizuje perspektywę eschatologiczną, odsłaniającą koncepcje etyczne (ukryte w autorskiej antropologii). Przed­miotem uwagi są źródła zbawienia (tj. dobro najwyższe), które ujawniają się w koncepcji czasu (i narracji). W konsekwencji, u podstaw badania znajduje się pogląd Charlesa Taylor na temat fundamentalnego związku między koncepcjami dobra, „ja”, narracji i społeczeństwa. Analiza prowadzona jest przez pryzmat refleksji filozoficznej Agaty Bielik-Robson, Philipa Rieffa, Paula Ricoeura, Luisa Dupré i Jacoba Taubesa.Celem artykułu jest ukazanie postępującego procesu uwewnętrzniania źródeł zbawienia, powodującego zanikanie perspektywy eschatologicznej. W konsekwencji, po skrótowej prezentacji apokryfów judeochrześcijańskich i gnostyckich z pierwszej połowy XX wieku, w których to obiet­nica (jakiegoś) zbawienia jest wciąż aktualna, pokazane jest, że większość apokryfów napisanych po 1989 roku tworzy przekaz absolutnie nihilistyczny, ponieważ za pomocą wzoru pozytywnego oferują radykalnie negatywne ujęcie świata i tak w istocie głoszą kompletny brak nadziei na jego poprawę. Paradoksalnie, jednak poprzez stworzenie świata bez dobrego końca, poprzez ujaw­nianie mechanizmu osuwania się w światopogląd neognostycka (oparty o odwrócony gnostycki monizm spirytualistyczny), apokryfy bułgarskie ilustrują potrzebę ponownego zdynamizowania sfery aksjologicznej, potrzebę odbudowania wielkowymiarowości egzystencji. W konsekwencji, wskazany jest związek – w myśl Taubesa – między kondycją człowieka eschatologicznego, który lokuje swą nadzieję w przyszłości, a mesjaniczną potrzebą afirmacji ontologicznego odstępu.


2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
M. Hermans

SummaryThe author presents his personal opinion inviting to discussion on the possible future role of psychiatrists. His view is based upon the many contacts with psychiatrists all over Europe, academicians and everyday professionals, as well as the familiarity with the literature. The list of papers referred to is based upon (1) the general interest concerning the subject when representing ideas also worded elsewhere, (2) the accessibility to psychiatrists and mental health professionals in Germany, (3) being costless downloadable for non-subscribers and (4) for some geographic aspects (e.g. Belgium, Spain, Sweden) and the latest scientific issues, addressing some authors directly.


1970 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Sarah Limorté

Levantine immigration to Chile started during the last quarter of the 19th century. This immigration, almost exclusively male at the outset, changed at the beginning of the 20th century when women started following their fathers, brothers, and husbands to the New World. Defining the role and status of the Arab woman within her community in Chile has never before been tackled in a detailed study. This article attempts to broach the subject by looking at Arabic newspapers published in Chile between 1912 and the end of the 1920s. A thematic analysis of articles dealing with the question of women or written by women, appearing in publications such as Al-Murshid, Asch-Schabibat, Al-Watan, and Oriente, will be discussed.


2016 ◽  
pp. 63-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Buzgalin ◽  
A. Kolganov

The authors, basing on a critical analysis of the experience of planning during the 20th century in a number of countries of Europe and Asia, and also on the lessons from the economics of "real socialism", set out to substantiate their conclusions on the advisability of "reloading" this institution. The aim is to create planning mechanisms, suited to the new economy, that incorporate forecasting, projections, direct and indirect selective regulation and so forth into integral programs of economic development and that set a vector of development for particular limited spheres of what remains on the whole a market economy. New planning institutions presuppose a supersession of the forms of bureaucratic centralism and a reliance on network forms of organization of the subject and process of planning.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
G. Stankevych ◽  
L. Dmytrenko ◽  
A. Kats ◽  
V. Shpak

In the future, in Ukraine it is planned to increase the sown area for cereals, legumes and oilseeds, to increase the gross grain harvest to 80 million tons, and its export abroad was increased twice. Intensive construction in the southern ports of Ukraine of grain transshipment terminals with large metal silos will solve the problem of increasing grain export in the future. At these powerful terminals, the bulk of the grain comes mainly by rail, and is shipped to water. The aim of the work was to study the characteristics of the grain receiving from railway transport to the grain transshipment terminal of LLC “Ukrelevatorprom” in order to improve its works efficiency. The object of the study was the development of technology of grain receiving at the grain transshipment terminal; the subject of research is cereals, legume sand oil crops, as well as data from daily volumes of receiving and dispensing operations at the grain transshipment terminal of LLC “Ukrelevatorprom” for 2015-2016. The studies were carried out on the basis of processing data from the consignment notes for 2015-2016, according to which there was a summed amount of grain (net) daily transported by the railway. Further processing of the obtained data was carried out by a combined graphoanalytical method, for which, on the basis of tabular values for each studied year, the corresponding histograms and graphs were built and the necessary indicators were determined. Analysis of the structure of grain crops supplied by railway to LLC “Ukrelevatorprom” in 2015 and 2016 and their ratio showed that the main share was occupied by cereal crops (78.0 % and 73.1 % respectively), which were mainly represented by corn, share which was significantly dominated by other crops (wheat of various classes and barley) and amounted to 45.8 % and 44.5 %, respectively, which can be explained by its high demand in the international grain market, in which Ukraine occupies a leading position. Oilseeds (rapeseed) were taken in accordance with 19.1 % and 14.9 %, and legumes (soybeans) — 2.9 % and 12.0 %. An analysis of the timing of the unloading of grain wagons (hopper cars) showed that the total duration of this process, depending on the crops, averages 37...59 minutes. The longest steps for unloading wagons are to determine the grain quality indicators, especially rapeseed, and to spill grain from the wagons, therefore, to reduce their duration, it is necessary to form feeds of wagons with grain batches of the same quality and use more modern express analyzers to determine grain quality indicators, which will increase the productivity of the grain receiving line from the railway. According to the research results, the enterprise has the potential to increase by about 30 % the volume of grain intake. It was established that the periods of the grain receipt at the enterprise in 2015-2016 amounted to 349 and 353 days, respectively, the actual coefficients of the daily irregularity Kdaily for the grain receipt from the railway in these years are equal to 1.47 and 1.52, and the monthly irregularity Kmonth, respectively 1.33 and 1.21, does not exceed the standard values Kdaily = 2.5 and Kmonth= 2.0. This made it possible to clarify the database from the actual characteristics of the process of grain receiving by railway and can be used in design and verification calculations of equipment in technological lines for receiving grain from railway transport, and will contribute to increasing the efficiency of grain transshipment terminals. 


2020 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 471-478
Author(s):  
Peter A. Shevchenko

The article provides a comparative analysis of the influence of L.N. Tolstoy and I.I. Sergiev (John of Kronstadt) on the formation of personal worldview in Russian society. The analysis is based on the testimonies of the contemporaries and the previously not reissued publication of “Novy Put” (“New Way”) journal on the subject. In the context of the declared problematics, special attention is paid to the question of transformation of religious consciousness in the course of the personality formation in relation to the period under consideration (the beginning of the 20th century). The author reveals and analyzes the main components of the life stand of Tolstoy and Father John of Kronstadt in the context of their influence on contemporaries. The results of the study allow to reveal the following antitheses that characterize Tolstoy and John of Kronstadt, respectively: doubt - faith, search for oneself – following the once chosen path, preaching of non-resistance as part of the philosophy of not-doing (not doing evil) – preaching of active upholding of faith (doing good), “simple living” – real life with and for common people.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Chinpulat Kurbanov ◽  

The author in this scientific article examines the stage-by-stage development and formation of customs in Turkestan in the second half of the 19th -early 20th centuries. The author studied the history of customs in Turkestan and its role in establishing a single customs line in the future with neighboring khanates. The author focuses on the role of Russia in the establishment of a single customs line and the development of customs in Turkestan


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