Migrants' access to housing in Russia: evaluation methodology and results of the experimental study

The authors consider one of the aspects of the socio-cultural integration of migrants into the host society. The integration of migrants is interpreted by a wide range of scientists as the process of including newly arrived in various spheres of life of the host society. Usually, there are three to four such spheres. Access of migrants to housing in the host country is an important indicator of integration in the socio-economic sphere. As a rule, in Russian and foreign studies, access to housing is assessed through a comparative analysis of the living conditions of migrants and the host population. However, access to housing and housing conditions are not exactly the same thing. Rather, access implies the potential for housing. To assess such a possibility, an experimental method that allows the researcher to test various hypotheses and control the variables of interest is more suitable than a mass survey or available statistical data. The article contributes to the methodology for studying migrants' access to housing in the host country. It proposes a new approach to its assessment and presents the first results of its approbation. In the course of the experiment carried out by the authors, the influence of the citizenship of potential tenants on access to high-quality and low-quality housing in Moscow was measured, as well as the willingness of landlords to register migrants on their property. Significant differences in the access of migrants from different CIS countries to renting Moscow accommodation were revealed. The most loyal attitude is towards Belarusians and Ukrainians, the least preferable are immigrants from Central Asia, especially citizens of Tajikistan. In addition, it was found that all groups of migrants are seriously limited in their ability to obtain a valid migration registration due to the unwillingness of the owners of residential premises to fulfil their obligations to “register” foreign tenants. This obviously impedes their integration in the political and legal sphere of the host society, since a foreign citizen in the Russian Federation without a genuine document on migration registration, even with all other permits, is a person with an unregulated legal status.

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Peculiarities of the Attitude of the Host Population of St. Petersburg to Migrants

Sociology and Law ◽

10.35854/2219-6242-2020-4-16-24 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 16-24

Author(s):

V. K. Potemkin ◽

I. O. Fedorova

Keyword(s):

Social Distance ◽

Host Population ◽

Host Society

This article examines the attitude of the host population of St. Petersburg to migrants. Studying the attitudes of the host society, the population of St. Petersburg, allows us to reveal the completeness of the process of adaptation and integration of migrants. The article compares the results of two surveys of St. Petersburg residents conducted by the authors in 2012 and 2020. Social distance, attitudes towards migrants, and opinions on the integration of migrants are analyzed in the article.

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How Often Have You Felt Disadvantaged? Explaining Perceived Discrimination

KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie ◽

10.1007/s11577-021-00738-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Claudia Diehl ◽

Elisabeth Liebau ◽

Peter Mühlau

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Data ◽

Host Country ◽

Language Skills ◽

Perceived Discrimination ◽

Main Mechanism ◽

Host Society ◽

Negative Attitudes ◽

Ethnic Boundaries ◽

Attributional Processes

AbstractBased on longitudinal data from Germany, we analyze how perceptions of discrimination change once migrants’ integration evolves. Individuals who identify more strongly with the host country, speak the language, have native friends, and are adequately employed report less discrimination overall. However, group-specific analyses reveal that German-born Turks feel more rather than less discriminated against after their language skills and their identification increase. For this group, we find evidence for the “integration paradox”, i.e., the finding that better educated migrants have more rather than less negative attitudes about the host society. Results suggest that attributional processes rather than rising exposure to discrimination might be the main mechanism linking integration to higher levels of perceived discrimination. Obviously, discrimination does not disappear for groups facing salient ethnic boundaries and is met with growing awareness and sensitivity among individuals that have become more similar to the majority of members. This, in turn, by no means implies that perceived discrimination is detached from reality.

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Star formation thresholds derived From THINGS

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s1743921307001858 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 2 (S237) ◽

pp. 397-397

Author(s):

F. Bigiel ◽

F. Walter ◽

E. de Blok ◽

E. Brinks ◽

B. Madore

Keyword(s):

Star Formation ◽

Large Scale ◽

Gravitational Instability ◽

Critical Density ◽

Nearby Galaxy ◽

Uv Emission ◽

Radial Profiles ◽

Wide Range ◽

First Results ◽

Type Mass

AbstractWe present first results from THINGS (The HI Nearby Galaxy Survey), which consists of high quality HI maps obtained with the VLA of 34 galaxies across a wide range of galaxy parameters (Hubble type, mass/luminosity). We compare the distribution of HI to the UV emission in our sample galaxies. In particular we present radial profiles of the HI (tracing the neutral interstellar medium) and UV (mainly tracing regions of recent star formation) in our sample galaxies. The azimuthally averaged HI profiles are compared to the predicted critical density above which organized large-scale star formation is believed to start (this threshold is based on the Toomre-Q parameter, which in turn is a measure for local gravitational instability).

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Strain-Rate Effect on the Tensile Behaviour of High Strength Alloys

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.82.124 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 82 ◽

pp. 124-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ezio Cadoni ◽

Matteo Dotta ◽

Daniele Forni ◽

Stefano Bianchi

Keyword(s):

Strain Rate ◽

Rate Sensitivity ◽

High Strength ◽

Constitutive Law ◽

Tensile Behaviour ◽

Strain Rates ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Split Hopkinson Tensile Bar ◽

Wide Range ◽

First Results

In this paper the first results of the mechanical characterization in tension of two high strength alloys in a wide range of strain rates are presented. Different experimental techniques were used for different strain rates: a universal machine, a Hydro-Pneumatic Machine and a JRC-Split Hopkinson Tensile Bar. The experimental research was developed in the DynaMat laboratory of the University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland. An increase of the stress at a given strain increasing the strain-rate from 10-3 to 103 s-1, a moderate strain-rate sensitivity of the uniform and fracture strain, a poor reduction of the cross-sectional area at fracture with increasing the strain-rate were shown. Based on these experimental results the parameters required by the Johnson-Cook constitutive law were determined.

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FRATs: Searching for fast radio transient in real-time with LOFAR

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s1743921312023733 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (S291) ◽

pp. 233-233

Author(s):

Heino Falcke ◽

Keyword(s):

Time Scales ◽

Search Space ◽

Large Field ◽

New Radio ◽

Wide Range ◽

Imaging Observation ◽

Previous Decade ◽

First Results ◽

Single Radio ◽

Radio Transients

AbstractLOFAR is an innovative new radio interferometer operating at low radio frequencies from 10 to 270 MHz. It combines a large field-of-view, high fractional bandwidth, rapid response, and a wide range of baselines from tens of meters to thousand kilometers. Its use of phased-array technology and its digital nature make LOFAR an extremely versatile instrument to search for transient radio phenomena on all time scales. Here we discuss in particular the search for fast radio transients (FRATs) at sub-second time scales. In fact, at these time scales the radio sky is rather dynamic due to coherent emission processes. Objects like pulsars, flaring stars, or planets like Jupiter are able to produce bright short flares. For pulsars, most previous detection strategies made use of the rotation of pulsars to detect them, using Fourier techniques, but it is also possible to detect pulsars and other objects through their single pulses. Such surveys have, e.g., led in the previous decade to the detection of Rapid Radio Transients (RRATS), but the unprobed search space is still rather large. LOFAR is now conducting a rather unique survey over the entire northern sky, searching for bright dispersed single radio pulses. This FRATs survey makes use of the LOFAR transient buffer boards (TBBs), which had initially been used to detect nanosecond radio pulses from cosmic rays. The TBBs store the radio data from each single receiver element of LOFAR and allow one to look back in time. A trigger system that runs parallel to normal imaging observation allows one to detect single pulses in an incoherent beam of all LOFAR stations, covering several tens to hundred square degrees at once. Once triggered, the data can be used to localize the pulse and to discriminate cosmic sources from terrestrial interference through 3D localization. The system has been successfully tested with known pulsars and first results of the ongoing survey will be presented.

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INTERVALO HÍDRICO ÓTIMO PARA AVALIAÇÃO DE SISTEMAS DE PRODUÇÃO E RENDIMENTO DO FEIJÃO

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2017v22n2p383-399 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 383-399 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Laura Fernanda Simões Da Silva ◽

Mara De Andrade Marinho ◽

Raquel Stucchi Boschi ◽

Edson Eiji Matsura

Keyword(s):

Bulk Density ◽

Lower Limit ◽

Management Systems ◽

Conventional System ◽

Undisturbed Soil ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Physical Quality ◽

Soil Physical Quality ◽

Wide Range ◽

Bean Yield

INTERVALO HÍDRICO ÓTIMO PARA AVALIAÇÃO DE SISTEMAS DE PRODUÇÃO E RENDIMENTO DO FEIJÃO Laura Fernanda Simões da Silva1; Mara de Andrade Marinho2; Raquel Stucchi Boschi3 E Edson Eiji Matsura2 ¹Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Rural / CCA / UFSCar Rodovia Anhanguera, km 174 – SP-330 - Araras - SP - Brasil - CEP: 13600-970, email: [email protected] ²Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Avenida Candido Rondon, n 501, Barão Geraldo, Campinas – SP, Brasil - CEP 13083-875, email: [email protected]; [email protected]³Secretaria de Gestão Ambiental e Sustentabilidade/ UFSCar Rod. Washington Luis, km 235 - São Carlos - SP - Brasil - CEP:13565-905, email: [email protected] 1 RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi compreender o efeito de dois sistemas de produção agrícola, com e sem irrigação, sobre atributos físicos do solo e sobre o rendimento do feijão, utilizando o conceito de intervalo hídrico ótimo (IHO). A pesquisa foi conduzida em parcelas experimentais situadas na região de Campinas, cultivadas com feijão sob Sistema Plantio Direto (SPD) e Sistema Convencional com Grade (SC). Para determinação do IHO, os atributos densidade do solo (Ds), curva de retenção de água (CRA), curva de resistência do solo à penetração (RP) e porosidade de aeração foram determinados para camada do solo 0-0,20 m, a partir de amostras indeformadas extraídas de diferentes locais, de modo a representar uma faixa ampla de variação da densidade do solo. O monitoramento da qualidade do solo e do desempenho dos sistemas de produção foi efetuado com base em dados de: Ds, umidade volumétrica e produtividade da cultura de feijão, irrigado e não irrigado para uma safra agrícola de inverno. Os limites do IHO foram definidos pelo q-0,01MPa (limite superior) e pelo q-1,5MPa (limite inferior), para os valores de Ds até 1,2 kg dm-3. A partir deste valor de Ds, o limite inferior passa a ser definido pelo qRP. O período de dias em que o solo permaneceu fora das condições ideais de umidade estabelecidas pelo IHO foi suficiente para afetar diferencialmente a produtividade do feijoeiro nos tratamentos não irrigados, com vantagem para o SPD. O IHO representa um importante indicador na avaliação da qualidade estrutural do solo submetido a diferentes sistemas de manejo. Ainda, o IHO pode ser utilizado no monitoramento da qualidade física do solo associado a uma maior ou menor frequência de ocorrência da umidade do solo fora dos limites estabelecido pelo mesmo. Palavras-chave: manejo de irrigação, densidade do solo, sistema plantio direto, sistema convencional, qualidade física. Silva, L. F. S.; Marinho, M. A.; Boschi, R. S.; Matsura, E. E.LEAST LIMITING WATER RANGE TO ASSESS BEAN MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND YIELD 2 ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to understand the effect of two management systems, with and without irrigation, on soil physical properties and bean yield, using the concept of least limiting water range (LLWR). The study was conducted in experimental plots located in Campinas, planted with beans under no tillage system (NTS) and conventional system (SC). To determine the LLWR, bulk density (BD), water retention curve (WRC), soil resistance to penetration curve (SRPC) and macroporosity were determined for the layer 0-0.20 m, from undisturbed soil samples extracted from different locations to represent a wide range of bulk density. Monitoring of soil quality and performance of production systems was made based on the following data: BD, water content and productivity of bean crops, irrigated and non-irrigated, for a harvest of winter. The θ-0,01MPa determined the upper limit of the LLWR and θ-1,5MPa the lower limit to BD equal to 1.2 kg dm-3 from which the lower limit is set by SRPC. The period of days that the soil remained outside the ideal conditions of moisture established by the LLWR was enough to differentially affect bean yield in non-irrigated treatments, with better results for NTS. The LLWR is an important indicator for assessing the soil structural quality under different management systems. Additionally, the LLWR can be used to monitor the soil physical quality associated with a higher or lower frequency of occurrence of soil moisture outside the limits set by LLWR. Keywords: irrigation management, bulk density, direct drilling system, conventional system, soil physical quality.

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RUSSIAN-UZBEKISTAN RELATIONS IN THE LAST YEARS OF THE PRESIDENCY OF ISLAM KARIMOV

RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Eurasian studies. History. Political science. International relations ◽

10.28995/2686-7648-2021-4-10-52 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 10-52

Author(s):

Konstantin E. Meshcheryakov ◽

Keyword(s):

International Organizations ◽

Legal Status ◽

The Political ◽

Political Condition ◽

Wide Range ◽

Soviet Space ◽

Bilateral Cooperation ◽

Official Sources ◽

Post Soviet Space

The article investigates the evolution of the Russian-Uzbekistani relations in the last years of the presidency of Islam Karimov (2012–2016). Based on a wide range of official sources and periodicals, it identifies the main trends, achievements and issues of bilateral cooperation in the political, trade, economic and humanitarian spheres. It determines the factors that influenced the interaction between Moscow and Tashkent, and pays a particular attention to the role of the presidents of the two states in the development and strength- ening of their cooperation. The author concludes that throughout the period under review the Rus- sian-Uzbekistani relations faced serious challenges. They were remarkably conflicting, unpredictable, inconsistent, and quite turbulent, what provoked the discussions about the correspondence of their real political condition to their high legal status (in 2004, Russia and Uzbekistan became strategic part- ners, and in 2005, allied states). Nevertheless, the two countries overcame most of their differences and took a course towards the further expansion and deep- ening, as well as modernization of their relations. As a result, at present Uzbeki- stan remains one of the most important Russia’s partners not only in Central Asia, but throughout the post-Soviet space, as well as within the framework of the leading international organizations.

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Zoogeomorphosite: A concept for, and example of, linking geoheritage and biodiversity heritage

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-92 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

François Bétard

Keyword(s):

Mixed Forest ◽

Slope Aspect ◽

Major Influence ◽

Termite Mounds ◽

Morphometric Measurements ◽

Small Surface ◽

Formica Rufa ◽

Wide Range ◽

First Results ◽

Ant Mounds

Zoogeomorphosites can be defined as geomorphological sites of special interest for animal biodiversity and conservation. They appear as ideal places for linking geoheritage and biodiversity heritage because of the reciprocal effects and interactions between landforms and animals. On one hand, geomorphodiversity exerts an influence on animal biodiversity at alpha, beta and gamma levels, and many landforms constitute valuable habitats for a wide range of animal species. On the other hand, animals can have direct and indirect geomorphic effects by creating specific landforms (e.g., mounds) and by influencing geomorphic processes (e.g, runoff), respectively.The aim of this presentation is (1) to illustrate a worldwide range of sites fitting the conceptual definition of a zoogeomorphosite, with a proposed typology, and (2) to present an example of zoogeomorphological survey conducted on a site in Northwest France (Bois-des-Jarries, Vend&#233;e), where geoheritage meets with biodiversity heritage. The selected study site is a granitic geomorphosite composed of two hills with small tors and boulders outcropping at 230-260 m a.s.l., and franging a large fluvial paleo-valley of Ypresian age. The land cover is a mosaic of mixed forests and dry heathlands recognized for their high ecological interest, with many valuable species of vascular plants, birds and invertebrates. A major zoogeomorphic interest of the site is that it hosts an important population of mound-building red wood ants (Formica rufa), a regionally rare and vulnerable species responsible for an impressive collection of biogenic microlandforms (ant mounds) on a small surface (62 ha). A zoogeomorphogical survey carried out in summer 2020 on these ant mounds involved a two-stage methodology: (1) linear surveys along forest paths, in order to calculate mound densities and to proceed with a general inventory of ant mounds; (2) morphometric measurements of mounds using strip transects in 13 representative habitat types, in order to calculate mound volumes and to evaluate their evolution on a 5-years period.119 mounds of Formica rufa have been inventoried in summer 2020 along the forest paths, indicating a density of 2-4 mounds ha&#8211;1. First results of the morphometric measurements indicate that the highest biovolumes are found in pine or mixed forest habitats, and that the geomorphology of the granitic hills (slope, aspect, height above drainage, etc.) is of major influence on their distribution and shape. In turn, ant mounds create environmental heterogeneity, or patch-scale geodiversity, highly favourable to biodiversity, notably because they offer microhabitats for various myrmecophilous insects. Finally, ant mounds can be viewed as a remarkable example of biogeomorphological heritage, hybrid and evolutionary in nature, but highly sensitive to environmental and human-induced changes (e.g., forest clear cuts, tourism pressure). Because ant mounds are an integral component of natural heritage and a key provider of ecosystem services, their inventory and protection as zoogeomorphosites &#8211; just like that of termite mounds &#8211; are of prime relevance in the wider scope of integrating geodiversity and biodiversity in nature conservation policies and strategies.

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Administrative and legal protection of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens in the field of defense and security of the Russian Federation

10.12737/1111367 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yuliya Fedotova

Keyword(s):

Russian Federation ◽

Legal Status ◽

Legal Protection ◽

State Control ◽

Functional Characteristics ◽

Wide Range ◽

Legitimate Interests ◽

The Russian Federation

The monograph is devoted to the administrative and legal protection of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens in the field of defense and security of the Russian Federation. The mechanism of administrative and legal support of defense and security and the administrative and legal status of citizens as subjects of this activity are disclosed. The author's vision of the concept and content of administrative and legal protection is justified, the functional characteristics of the powers of state authorities are given, and the specifics of state control in this area are indicated. It is intended for students, cadets, postgraduates, teachers, practitioners, as well as a wide range of readers interested in the problems of ensuring defense and security.

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The Southern Ocean carbon sink 1985-2018: first results of the RECCAP2 project

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-1834 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Judith Hauck ◽

Luke Gregor ◽

Cara Nissen ◽

Eric Mortenson ◽

Seth Bushinsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Southern Ocean ◽

Seasonal Cycle ◽

Carbon Sink ◽

Global Ocean ◽

Biogeochemical Models ◽

Wide Range ◽

Data Products ◽

First Results ◽

Ocean Carbon ◽

Indian Sector

The Southern Ocean is the main gateway for anthropogenic CO2 into the ocean owing to the upwelling of old water masses with low anthropogenic CO2 concentration, and the transport of the newly equilibrated surface waters into the ocean interior through intermediate, deep and bottom water formation. Here we present first results of the Southern Ocean chapter of RECCAP2, which is the Global Carbon Project&#8217;s second systematic study on Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes. In the Southern Ocean chapter, we aim to assess the Southern Ocean carbon sink 1985-2018 from a wide range of available models and data sets, and to identify patterns of regional and temporal variability, model limitations and future challenges.We gathered global and regional estimates of the air-sea CO2 flux over the period 1985-2018 from global ocean biogeochemical models, surface pCO2-based data products, and data-assimilated models. The analysis on the Southern Ocean quantified geographical patterns in the annual mean and seasonal amplitude of air-sea CO2 flux, with results presented here aggregated to the level of large-scale ocean biomes.Considering the suite of observed and modelled estimates, we found that the subtropical seasonally stratified (STSS) biome stands out with the largest air-sea CO2 flux per area and a seasonal cycle with largest ocean uptake of CO2 in winter, whereas the ice (ICE) biome is characterized by a large ensemble spread and a pronounced seasonal cycle with the largest ocean uptake of CO2 in summer. Connecting these two, the subpolar seasonally stratified (SPSS) biome has intermediate flux densities (flux per area), and most models have difficulties simulating the seasonal cycle with strongest uptake during the summer months.Our analysis also reveals distinct differences between the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian sectors of the aforementioned biomes. In the STSS, the Indian sector contributes most to the ocean carbon sink, followed by the Atlantic and then Pacific sectors. This hierarchy is less pronounced in the models than in the data-products. In the SPSS, only the Atlantic sector exhibits net CO2 uptake in all years, likely linked to strong biological production. In the ICE biome, the Atlantic and Pacific sectors take up more CO2 than the Indian sector, suggesting a potential role of the Weddell and Ross Gyres.These first results confirm the global relevance of the Southern Ocean carbon sink and highlight the strong regional and interannual variability of the Southern Ocean carbon uptake in connection to physical and biogeochemical processes.

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