scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PEMBAYARAN KAPITASI BERBASIS PEMENUHAN KOMITMEN PELAYANAN (KBKP) DI KABUPATEN JEMBER

IKESMA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Christyana Sandra ◽  
Yennike Tri Herawati ◽  
Ni'mal Baroya ◽  
Sulistiyani Sulistiyani ◽  
Prehatin Trirahayu Ningrum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Rate ◽  
Target Indicator

Kapitasi berbasis pemenuhan komitmen pelayanan (KBKP) merupakan salah satu sistem pembayaran dalam program jaminan kesehatan nasional pada puskesmas untuk meningkatkan pelayanan yang efektif dan efisien sehingga mutu layanan yang diberikan dapat terjaga. Kabupaten Jember sebagai salah satu kabupaten yang menjalankan kebijakan tersebut, namun diketahui terdapat kendala dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan tersebut. Penilaian terhadap puskesmas melalui KBKP dilihat berdasarkan pencapaian indikator yang meliputi angka contact rate, rasio rujukan rawat jalan non spesialistik, rasio peserta prolanis dan 1 indikator tambahan yaitu kunjungan rumah. Namun pelaksanaan kebijakan ini terdapat beberapa permasalahan yang dapat menghambat pencapaian target. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Riset Implementasi. Riset ini membahas berbagai masalah implementasi dalam konteks yang beragam dimana pengambilan datanya dilakukan secara kualitatif (indepth interview) dan kuantitatif (analisis data sekunder). Evaluasi pelaksanaan KBKP tahun 2016 menunjukkan masih banyaknya tantangan dan hambatan sehingga BPJS Kesehatan mengeluarkan petunjuk teknis terkait KBKP. Tujuan penyusunan petunjuk teknis tersebut adalah memberikan panduan bersama pelaksanaan pembayaran kapitasi berbasis pemenuhan komitmen pelayanan di FKTP. Pemerintah daerah diketahui kurang terlibat dalam kebijakan KBKP tersebut, tidak terdapat kebijakan yang mendukung kebijakan KBKP di tingkat kabupaten. Pencapaian target indikator yang telah ditetapkan dalam regulasi KBKP masih sulit dicapai oleh puskesmas khususnya pada indikator contact rate, pencapaian target indicator contact rate hanya 15 puskesmas (30%). Pencapaian indikator rujukan non spesialistik yang telah ditetapkan dalam regulasi KBKP selalu dapat dicapai oleh puskesmas (100%), namun indikator prolanis target pencapaiannya hanya 38 puskesmas dari 50 puskesmas yang dapat mencapai (76%). Sulitnya pencapaian target indikator contact rate karena petugas kesehatan di puskesmas tidak sempat meng-entry data kontak sehat dan kontak sakit pada aplikasi P Care. Diketahui KBKP dapat meningkatkan kepuasan peserta karena memaksa puskesmas untuk meningkatkan contact rate dengan peserta JKN dan merasa di ‘spesial’kan dengan program prolanis. Kebijakan KBKP juga dapat meningkatkan mutu pelayanan puskesmas karena puskesmas harus meningkatkan sarana prasarana agar 145 diagnosis tersebut dapat diselesaikan.

scholarly journals Fractional SIR-Model for Estimating Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19 in India

J ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-100
Author(s):  
Nita H. Shah ◽  
Ankush H. Suthar ◽  
Ekta N. Jayswal ◽  
Ankit Sikarwar
Keyword(s):  
Basic Reproduction Number ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Sir Model ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Contact Rate ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Fundamental Parameters ◽  
Different Order ◽  
The Basic Reproduction Number

In this article, a time-dependent susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model is constructed to investigate the transmission rate of COVID-19 in various regions of India. The model included the fundamental parameters on which the transmission rate of the infection is dependent, like the population density, contact rate, recovery rate, and intensity of the infection in the respective region. Looking at the great diversity in different geographic locations in India, we determined to calculate the basic reproduction number for all Indian districts based on the COVID-19 data till 7 July 2020. By preparing district-wise spatial distribution maps with the help of ArcGIS 10.2, the model was employed to show the effect of complete lockdown on the transmission rate of the COVID-19 infection in Indian districts. Moreover, with the model's transformation to the fractional ordered dynamical system, we found that the nature of the proposed SIR model is different for the different order of the systems. The sensitivity analysis of the basic reproduction number is done graphically which forecasts the change in the transmission rate of COVID-19 infection with change in different parameters. In the numerical simulation section, oscillations and variations in the model compartments are shown for two different situations, with and without lockdown.

scholarly journals Stability analysis of a dynamical model of tuberculosis with incomplete treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihsan Ullah ◽  
Saeed Ahmad ◽  
Qasem Al-Mdallal ◽  
Zareen A. Khan ◽  
Hasib Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Contact Rate ◽  
Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Treatment Rate ◽  
Globally Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Reproduction Ratio ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Effective Contact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Incomplete Treatment

Abstract A simple deterministic epidemic model for tuberculosis is addressed in this article. The impact of effective contact rate, treatment rate, and incomplete treatment versus efficient treatment is investigated. We also analyze the asymptotic behavior, spread, and possible eradication of the TB infection. It is observed that the disease transmission dynamics is characterized by the basic reproduction ratio $\Re _{0}$ ℜ 0 ; if $\Re _{0}<1$ ℜ 0 < 1 , there is only a disease-free equilibrium which is both locally and globally asymptotically stable. Moreover, for $\Re _{0}>1$ ℜ 0 > 1 , a unique positive endemic equilibrium exists which is globally asymptotically stable. The global stability of the equilibria is shown via Lyapunov function. It is also obtained that incomplete treatment of TB causes increase in disease infection while efficient treatment results in a reduction in TB. Finally, for the estimated parameters, some numerical simulations are performed to verify the analytical results. These numerical results indicate that decrease in the effective contact rate λ and increase in the treatment rate γ play a significant role in the TB infection control.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study measuring contact patterns using diaries in an urban and a rural community in South Africa, 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie Kleynhans ◽  
Stefano Tempia ◽  
Meredith L. McMorrow ◽  
Anne von Gottberg ◽  
Neil A. Martinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rural Site ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Contact Rate ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Contact Rates ◽  
Contact Patterns

Abstract Background Describing contact patterns is crucial to understanding infectious disease transmission dynamics and guiding targeted transmission mitigation interventions. Data on contact patterns in Africa, especially South Africa, are limited. We measured and compared contact patterns in a rural and urban community, South Africa. We assessed participant and contact characteristics associated with differences in contact rates. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study nested in a prospective household cohort study. We interviewed participants to collect information on persons in contact with for one day. We described self-reported contact rates as median number people contacted per day, assessed differences in contact rates based on participant characteristics using quantile regression, and used a Poisson model to assess differences in contact rates based on contact characteristics within age groups. We also calculated cumulative person hours in contact within age groups at different locations. Results We conducted 535 interviews (269 rural, 266 urban), with 17,252 contacts reported. The overall contact rate was 14 (interquartile range (IQR) 9–33) contacts per day. Those ≤18 years had higher contact rates at the rural site (coefficient 17, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 10–23) compared to the urban site, for those aged 14–18 years (13, 95%CI 3–23) compared to < 7 years. No differences were observed for adults. There was a strong age-based mixing, with age groups interacting more with similar age groups, but also interaction of participants of all ages with adults. Children aged 14–18 years had the highest cumulative person hours in contact (116.3 rural and 76.4 urban). Conclusions Age played an important role in the number and duration of contact events, with children at the rural site having almost double the contact rate compared to the urban site. These contact rates can be utilized in mathematical models to assess transmission dynamics of infectious diseases in similar communities.

Assessment of the representation of non-resource export priorities in the conceptual documents of the NWFD region

2021 ◽  
pp. 743-760
Author(s):  
Pavel Leonidovich Glukhikh
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Scientific Concept ◽  
The North ◽  
Export Strategy ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Target Indicator ◽  
First Time

The problem of dependence of the Russian economy on raw materials remains. The growth of non-primary non-energy exports was approved as one of the priorities in Russia. Updating the national project increases the importance of its institutional support in legislation. The question arises of the sufficiency of institutional reflection of non-resource exports. The purpose of the article is to generalize approaches to the priorities of non-resource exports, to develop methodological tools and to assess the representation of the topic in conceptual documents on the example of the regions of the North-Western Federal District. The research methodology is based on the content analysis of documents using the Istio service. The basis of the study was the conceptual documents of the NWFD regions with export topics. The categories of non-primary exports are highlighted. The socio-economic Development Strategy is the main document approving the region’s non-resource exports. A research program and methodological support for assessing the representation of non-primary exports in documents have been developed. The differences in the institutional support of non-primary exports are revealed. Of the 11 regions, 8 contain a target indicator of non-primary non-energy exports. Kaliningrad and Murmansk oblasts are recommended to include it in the Strategy in order to form institutional support for overcoming the problem of commodity dependence. A classification of regional documents providing institutional support for the export strategy has been developed. For the first time, the assessment contains scientific novelty and can help to understand the need to form a scientific concept of non-resource exports.

Study of the dynamics of the qualitative indicator of champignons during storage after treatment with UV radiation in the A range

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
Наталья Игоревна Федянина ◽  
Ольга Вячеславовна Карастоянова ◽  
Надежда Вячеславовна Коровкина
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Optimal Processing ◽  
Target Indicator ◽  
Processing Modes

Представлены результаты исследования влияния обработки свежих шампиньонов ультрафиолетовым излучением в диапазоне А различными дозами на изменение текстуры. Построена математическая модель зависимости предельной хранимоспособности по целевому показателю грибов от дозы облучения, и установлены оптимальные режимы обработки. The results of a study of the effect of processing fresh champignons with ultraviolet radiation in the A range with various doses on the change in texture are presented. A mathematical model of the dependence of the limiting storage capacity for the target indicator of mushrooms on the radiation dose has been built and the optimal processing modes have been established.

Does the Contact Rate Matter for Ceramics?

2014 ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Manjima Bhattacharya ◽  
Riya Chakraborty ◽  
Arjun Dey ◽  
Anoop Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Contact Rate
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