scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Deleterious rhizobacteria Untuk Mengendalikan Gulma Utama Tanaman Padi di Kabupaten Jember

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Yogi Ardhi Cahyadi ◽  
Saifuddin Hasjim
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Edge Type ◽  
Randomized Sampling ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Deleterious Rhizobacteria

The purpose of the study was to determine the characteristics of plant pathogens from Deleterious rhizobacteria (DRB) that have the potential as biological control agents in the main weeds of rice plants. This research was conducted in April-August 2019 at the Plant Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember. Rhizobacteria sampling was taken from rice fields in Mayang District. Weed sampling technique is done by purposive randomized sampling. The collections of pathogen-infected weeds are then isolated using laminar airflow and identified through several test stages. DRB exploration results obtained by two microorganisms that can be used as biological control to control the main weeds of rice plants from the Pseudomonas group, they are P. syringae pv. glycinea (M1) and P. syringae pv. syringae (M2). Based on the identification of the two isolates morphologically that (M1) has a greenish-white color with a flat edge type. Whereas the isolate code (M2) has a yellowish murky white color with a rather irregular jagged edge type. However, the two isolates have similarities in spherical shape. The physiological observations of both M1 and M2 isolate from the Catalase test, fluorescent pigments produce gram-positive (+) while gram tests produce gram-negative (-). The conclusion of this research is the characterization of P. syringae pv. glycinea (M1) and P. syringae pv. syringae (M2) both morphologically and physiologically.

scholarly journals Characterization of Antifungal Volatile Organic Compounds Produced by Bacterial Endophytes against Fusarium oxysporum through GC-MS Analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
P. Muthulakshmi ◽  
Suganya Thangavel ◽  
Parthasarathy Seethapathy
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Banana Production ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Gel Diffusion

Banana (Musa spp.) is one of the most important fruit crops cultivated throughout the world. Fusarium wilt caused by the fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (E.F. Smith) Snyder & Hansen (Foc) causes significant threats to banana production. Endophytic bacteria play a significant role in plant protection against soil borne plant pathogens and promote overall productivity of agricultural ecosystems. Secondary metabolites produced by several species of Bacillus have been found to possess antibacterial or antifungal activity against different isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense.  These were identified by crude tests using agar gel diffusion and GC-MS analysis of the fungal crude extracts. Understanding of the metabolites produced by endophytes is also important in the context of biological control of soil-borne diseases of banana. GC-MS analysis of crude antibiotic extracts of bacterial endophytic isolates viz., GNBS3, PVBS3, NPBS4, KVBS4, BS1, revealed DL-Proline,5 Oxo  as the major compound. Having both antifungal and antibacterial activity.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Isolation and characterization of the endophytic bacteria, and their potential as maize diseases control

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang Mugiastuti ◽  
SUPRAYOGI ◽  
NUR PRIHATININGSIH ◽  
LOEKAS SOESANTO
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Abstract. Mugiastuti E, Suprayogi, Prihatiningsih N, Soesanto L. 2020. Short Communication: Isolation And Characterization Of The Endophytic Bacteria, And Their Potential As Maize Diseases Control. Biodiversitas 21: 1809-1815. Sheath blight and bacterial wilt are diseases that can reduce maize production. Biological control with the endophytic bacteria offers environmentally friendly control for these pathogens. The study aimed to isolate and characterize the endophytic bacteria morphologically and biochemically and to study their potential to control maize diseases, especially sheat blight and bacterial wilt causing pathogens. The study was conducted at the Plant Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University, from April to August 2019. The study consisted of four stages: isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria, the antagonism test of the endophytic bacterial to R solani, the antagonism test of the endophytic bacteria to Pantoea sp., and the mechanical test of the endophytic bacteria as biological control agents and plant growth-promoting bacteria. Based on the research, four endophytic bacteria isolates have been successfully isolated, and characterized successfully and found have the potential to be developed as biopesticides to control maize disease, especially R. solani and Pantoea sp. Bacillus sp, endophytic from the root (BK.A1; BK.A3; PP.A5) and Bacillus sp. endophytic from the stem (PPD.B2) can suppress the growth of R.solani by more than 50%, have a strong antagonistic index against Pantoea sp (> 4), and can produce protease and lipase enzyme, and phosphate solubilization.

scholarly journals Microbial antagonists against plant pathogens in Iran: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 404-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Alizadeh ◽  
Yalda Vasebi ◽  
Naser Safaie
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Disease Management ◽  
Published Research

AbstractThe purpose of this article was to give a comprehensive review of the published research works on biological control of different fungal, bacterial, and nematode plant diseases in Iran from 1992 to 2018. Plant pathogens cause economical loss in many agricultural products in Iran. In an attempt to prevent these serious losses, chemical control measures have usually been applied to reduce diseases in farms, gardens, and greenhouses. In recent decades, using the biological control against plant diseases has been considered as a beneficial and alternative method to chemical control due to its potential in integrated plant disease management as well as the increasing yield in an eco-friendly manner. Based on the reported studies, various species of Trichoderma, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus were the most common biocontrol agents with the ability to control the wide range of plant pathogens in Iran from lab to the greenhouse and field conditions.

scholarly journals The Potential of Rhizoctonia-Like Fungi for the Biological Protection of Cereals against Fungal Pathogens

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Dominik Bleša ◽  
Pavel Matušinský ◽  
Romana Sedmíková ◽  
Milan Baláž
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Organic Substrates

The use of biological control is becoming a common practice in plant production. One overlooked group of organisms potentially suitable for biological control are Rhizoctonia-like (Rh-like) fungi. Some of them are capable of forming endophytic associations with a large group of higher plants as well as mycorrhizal symbioses. Various benefits of endophytic associations were proved, including amelioration of devastating effects of pathogens such as Fusarium culmorum. The advantage of Rh-like endophytes over strictly biotrophic mycorrhizal organisms is the possibility of their cultivation on organic substrates, which makes their use more suitable for production. We focused on abilities of five Rh-like fungi isolated from orchid mycorrhizas, endophytic fungi Serendipita indica, Microdochium bolleyi and pathogenic Ceratobasidium cereale to inhibit the growth of pathogenic F. culmorum or Pyrenophora teres in vitro. We also analysed their suppressive effect on wheat infection by F. culmorum in a growth chamber, as well as an effect on barley under field conditions. Some of the Rh-like fungi affected the growth of plant pathogens in vitro, then the interaction with plants was tested. Beneficial effect was especially noted in the pot experiments, where wheat plants were negatively influenced by F. culmorum. Inoculation with S. indica caused higher dry shoot biomass in comparison to plants treated with fungicide. Prospective for future work are the effects of these endophytes on plant signalling pathways, factors affecting the level of colonization and surviving of infectious particles.

scholarly journals The carbon source-dependent pattern of antimicrobial activity and gene expression in Pseudomonas donghuensis P482

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Matuszewska ◽  
Tomasz Maciąg ◽  
Magdalena Rajewska ◽  
Aldona Wierzbicka ◽  
Sylwia Jafra
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Unknown Compound ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPseudomonas donghuensis P482 is a tomato rhizosphere isolate with the ability to inhibit growth of bacterial and fungal plant pathogens. Herein, we analysed the impact of the carbon source on the antibacterial activity of P482 and expression of the selected genes of three genomic regions in the P482 genome. These regions are involved in the synthesis of pyoverdine, 7-hydroxytropolone (7-HT) and an unknown compound (“cluster 17”) and are responsible for the antimicrobial activity of P482. We showed that the P482 mutants, defective in these regions, show variations and contrasting patterns of growth inhibition of the target pathogen under given nutritional conditions (with glucose or glycerol as a carbon source). We also selected and validated the reference genes for gene expression studies in P. donghuensis P482. Amongst ten candidate genes, we found gyrB, rpoD and mrdA the most stably expressed. Using selected reference genes in RT-qPCR, we assessed the expression of the genes of interest under minimal medium conditions with glucose or glycerol as carbon sources. Glycerol was shown to negatively affect the expression of genes necessary for 7-HT synthesis. The significance of this finding in the light of the role of nutrient (carbon) availability in biological plant protection is discussed.

scholarly journals Extraction Techniques and Analytical Methods for Characterization of Active Compounds in Origanum Species

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 4735
Author(s):  
Maša Knez Hrnčič ◽  
Darija Cör ◽  
Jana Simonovska ◽  
Željko Knez ◽  
Zoran Kavrakovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Activity Assessment ◽  
Current Contribution ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Phytochemical research based on ethnopharmacology is gaining interest in industries such as functional food, nutraceuticals, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. Plants and plant extracts are a rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites. These compounds are often involved in plant protection against biotic or abiotic stresses. The exploitation of available technologies should be oriented and intensified to extend and enhance the continued usefulness of the plants as renewable sources of chemicals, especially medicinal compounds. This current contribution is focused on extraction and analytical techniques for their isolation from the oregano species, their characterization and their potential antioxidative, as well as their antimicrobial, antifungal and anticarcinogenic properties. The work is structured rendering to the different steps involved in the research; starting with extraction and sample preparation, followed by discussing the analytical techniques employed for the isolation and identification of compound/s responsible for the biological activity and methods and techniques for biological activity assessment.

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