Pengendalian Penyakit Pustul Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines Pada Kedelai Dengan Bacillus spp. Asal Filosfer Gulma di Pertanaman Kedelai

Soybean pustule disease by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines (Xag) is one of the important diseases of soybean plant. Application Bacillus spp. origin of weed phyllosphere has a great potential as an alternative to control because it is isolated to origin of same region as Xag is the phyllosphere. Research by Nurcahyanti and Ayu obtained the best five isolates of Bacillus spp. of weeds phyllosphere in soybean cropping in inhibiting Xag in vitro. This study used the complete random draft (RAL) 6 treatment, 4 repeats, each unit consists of 4 plants wich treatment application of 5 isolates of Bacillus spp. namely K = control; A = Bacillus JG 1.3; B = Bacillus JG 3.6; C = Bacillus JG 1.4.1; D = Bacillus BGd 1.1; E = Bacillus Bp 2.2. The results showed that application of Bacillus spp. could inhibit Xag in vitro with bacteriostatic mechanism and isolates Bacillus BGd 1.1 has the greatest inhibition of 14.25 mm. Fifth Bacillus spp. can suppress the development of disease and isolates Bacillus BGd 1.1 has best results with the incubation period during 13 HSI, the severity of disease 10.07%, infection rate 0.045 unit/day as well as the effectiveness of control 85.72%. The fifth isolates of Bacillus spp. can not increase the number of leaves but can increase number of branches and isolates Bacillus JG 1.3, Bacillus JG 1.4.1 and Bacillus BGd 1.1 can increase the height of soybean crop.

Uji Alat Augmentasi dan Konservasi Parasitoid Telur Kepik Hijau (Nezara viridula L.) pada Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max L.)

Soybean pod damage caused by N. viridula reached 61.37% of the total pods and 61.67% of the total seeds attacked. Efforts were made, namely the application of chemical insecticides made from active chlorpyrifos which can reduce the population of N. viridula to reach 57.4% and the insecticides made from deltamerin which are reducing the population by 51.6%. Control is needed that can reduce the negative effects caused by chemical insecticides, one of which is mechanical control. Mechanical control can be done one of them with augmentation and conservation tools. the research is by taking the eggs of N. viridula in the field and laying the eggs in an augmentation and conservation tool with several treatments of different filter cloth diameters, 0.1 mm; 0.3 mm; 0.2 mm; and 0.6 mm. Observations were made by looking at and counting the number of parasitoids that were able to pass through the filter cloth and those that did not pass through the filter cloth, followed by identification of the species of the parasitoid that was obtained. The results showed that the parasitoids were able to escape in all treatments but with varying amounts. The difference in number can be influenced by the presence of parasitoids in the field and the level of parasitoid parasitation. Likewise with Trichogramma sp also able to pass on all treatments. Therefore, the most suitable treatment is treatment with a 0.1 mm diameter filter cloth. The identified parasites were T. rowani and T. podisi

Induksi Ketahanan Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merril) dengan Cendawan Endofit Trichoderma harzianum dan Beauveria bassiana untuk Menekan Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang (Sclerotium rolfsii)

Sclerotium rolfsii is a pathogen that causes stem rot disease that causes a decrease in soybean production. This stem rot disease can cause damage to all parts of the plant both in the vegetative and generative phases. Proper control is needed to reduce stem rot disease by induction of plant resistance using endophytic fungi such as Trichoderma harzianum and Beauveria bassiana. This experiment used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments that were repeated 5 times, namely P1 = control, P2 = T. harzianum application + S. rolfsii inoculation, P3 = B. bassiana application + S. rolfsii inoculation, and P4 = Combined application (T. harzianum + B. Bassiana) + S. rolfsii inoculation. Based on research that has been done shows that the incubation period and phenol analysis in soybean plants did not significantly affect soybean crop resistance while in the incidence of disease and disease severity showed a very significant effect on soybean crop resistance. In this study the plants that were applied with T. harzianum and B. bassiana were included in the category of resistant to S. rolfsii pathogens, while the control treatment was included in the susceptible category to S. rolfsii pathogens.

Pengaruh Pemberian Vermikompos pada Media Tanam Terhadap Efektivitas Gliocladium sp. dalam Mengendalikan Penyakit Layu Fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum) pada Tanaman Semangka (Citrulus vulgaris, Schard)

Watermelon is one of the plants that have good prospects and has high economic value, but its production is currently experiencing a decline. Decreased production caused by the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum which causes fusarium wilt disease in plants. losses caused by fusarium wilt attacks reach 20-30%. Utilization of Gliocladium sp. and vermicompost is an alternative step in controlling fusarium wilt. The results showed that the use of Gliocladium sp. and vermicompost can suppress the development of fusarium wilt disease. The use of Gliocladium sp. and vermicompost 250 grams/polybag can suppress the attack of fusarium wilt disease with a percentage of suppression of the incidence of disease by 70% and suppress the severity of the disease by 38.5% compared to controls. and has a control effectiveness value of 73.68% which is categorized very well. The use of Gliocladium sp. and vermicompost also affect plant growth and production.

Viabilitas Bacillus sp. Sebagai Agen Antagonis Patogen Tanaman Dalam Formulasi Berbahan Dasar Tepung

Bacterial biopesticide formulations needed because the use of bacteria in the suspensions can reduce the ability to control disease in plants. Therefore, a bacterial suspension needs to be mobilized in the formula with a carrier (Carrier) to maintain the viability of bacteria. This research uses the formulation of Bacillus sp. made from rice flour, corn, tapioca and talc with the addition of urea, glucose and CMC. Formulation of Bacillus sp. flour based with the addition of urea, glucose and CMC were tested with Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines and Colletotrichum sp. in vitro. The results showed that Bacillus sp. after formulation it is still able to maintain viabiitas and antagonistic power. Viability of Bacillus sp. the best is in the formulation of rice flour at 14 hsi at 4.94 X 1014 cfu / g while the inhibition zone of Bacillus sp. the best is the corn flour formulation of 13.1 mm and the inhibitory capacity of Bacillus sp. the best is in tapioca flour formulation at 42 hsi at 62.89%

Potensi Bacillus spp. sebagai Agen Biokontrol untuk Menekan Layu Fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum) pada Tanaman Melon (Cucumis melo L.)

Fusarium wilt caused by F. oxysporum, is a disease that often attacks melon plants. F. oxyporum is a fungus that infects through the roots and clogs vascular vessels in plants and causes plants to wither with necrotic symptoms. Bacillus spp as a biological agent capable of controlling fusarium wilt by antibiotic mechanism. Bacillus spp obtained was then carried out by testing to determine its potential as a biological recognition agent. This research was carried out starting from the isolation of F. oxysporum, isolation and inoculation of Bacillus spp., Gram test, hypersensitivity test using tobacco plants, to calculate the intensity of attacks and analyze. The study was conducted with 5 treatments namely control, F. oxysporum without Bacillus spp., F. oxysporum with isolates BJM4, BJM5, and BJM9. The results showed that BJM5 isolates can suppress fusarium wilt disease with a disease severity value of 23.75%, the lowest compared to all treatments applying Bacillus spp. this was also shown by the results of antagonistic tests on PDA media that BJM5 isolates could suppress F. oxysporum fungi by 0.6 or 60%.

Manipulasi Mikrohabitat Dengan Sistem Tanam Polikultur Sebagai Stabilizer Ekosistem Untuk Pengelolaan Hama dan Musuh Alami Pada Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum Linn.)

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum Linn.) constitutes one of the commodities that has important meaning for Indonesian people with the limiting factor in the production is the pest attack. One of these pest control techniques is by controlling technical culture of polyculture planting system. This research was conducted in July to October 2019 which was located in Banyuputih Village, Wringin District, Bondowoso Regency. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with six treatment, namely: P1 = polyculture of shallot + Lemongrass; P2 = polyculture of shallot + celery; P3 = Polyculture of shallot + mustard; P4 = Polyculture of shallot + Lemongrass + mustard; P5 = Polyculture of shallot + celery + mustard; P6 = Monoculture of shallot. Each treatment was repeated 4 times. Observation started at 30 days after planting. Data collection was done by observing directly on the sample plants. Sampling was carried out using Yellow trap and pit fall trap. Samples were taken at each plot 10 times with intervals of 4 days. Observations included collecting the pest insects and natural enemies that were found, counting the number of populations in each species, scoring towards the damage plants. The results showed that shallot planting by polyculture with different types of plants affected the population of pests and natural enemies as well as the level of diversity of insects in shallots. Planting shallots by polyculture has been proven to control pest populations compared to planting shallots by monoculture. Polyculture planting with two types of plants proved to be better than polyculture planting with three types of plants where the best treatment was found in P1, namely polyculture of shallot and lemongrass with the smallest pest population which was 17.5.

Pemanfaatan Deleterious rhizobacteria Untuk Mengendalikan Gulma Utama Tanaman Padi di Kabupaten Jember

The purpose of the study was to determine the characteristics of plant pathogens from Deleterious rhizobacteria (DRB) that have the potential as biological control agents in the main weeds of rice plants. This research was conducted in April-August 2019 at the Plant Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember. Rhizobacteria sampling was taken from rice fields in Mayang District. Weed sampling technique is done by purposive randomized sampling. The collections of pathogen-infected weeds are then isolated using laminar airflow and identified through several test stages. DRB exploration results obtained by two microorganisms that can be used as biological control to control the main weeds of rice plants from the Pseudomonas group, they are P. syringae pv. glycinea (M1) and P. syringae pv. syringae (M2). Based on the identification of the two isolates morphologically that (M1) has a greenish-white color with a flat edge type. Whereas the isolate code (M2) has a yellowish murky white color with a rather irregular jagged edge type. However, the two isolates have similarities in spherical shape. The physiological observations of both M1 and M2 isolate from the Catalase test, fluorescent pigments produce gram-positive (+) while gram tests produce gram-negative (-). The conclusion of this research is the characterization of P. syringae pv. glycinea (M1) and P. syringae pv. syringae (M2) both morphologically and physiologically.

Pengaruh Kompos dan PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) Pada Lahan Kering Terhadap Produksi Sawi (Brassica rapa L.)

The increasing of demand for agricultural product and the narrowing of fields where fields are currently being prioritized for cultivating food crops forcing them to take and use dry land. Problem happened by conducting agricultural activities on dry land such as limited water availability, low microorganism population and low nutrient avaibility. Water avaibility on dry land can be optimized by providing compost and PGPR. The productivity of Sawi nauli varieties according to the minister of agriculture decision (2009) that 37-39 tons/ha with a population per hectare are 93.000 plants. This purpose of this study is to determine the effect of compost and PGPR on dry land about pakchoy productivity. This study also used factorial completely randomized design and replicated 3 times. The design of two treatments are: The first: compost which consists of 4 levels with a dose of 5 kilograms of soil, 4900 grams of soil with 100 grams of compost, 4800 grams of soil with 200 grams of compost, 4700 grams of soil with 300 grams of compost. For the second factor is PGPR which consists of 4 levels with a dose of 0 milligrams/plant, 100 milligrams/plant, 200 milligram/plant and 300 milligram/plant. The data obtained were analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Then, the results obtained from the ANOVA test were followed by the Standart Error Mean (SEM). Based on the results of the study it is known that there are influences from each single factor and combination of treatments. Compost treatment showed significantly different results on variable number of leaves, number of leaf chlorophyll and dry weight of plants. Whereas there is a very significant effect on plant height and plant fresh weight. On a single factor PGPR showed no significant results on variable plant height, number of leaf chlorophyll, but showed a significant effect on variable number of leaves, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight. The combination of compost and PGPR treatment showed no significant results on variable plant height, number of leaves, number of leaf chlorophyll, and plant dry weight. The treatment combination treatment showed a significant effect on the fresh weight variable of the plant

Uji Efektivitas Konsentrasi Spodoptera litura – Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (SlNPV) JTM 97C Formulasi Bubuk Terhadap Larva Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Pada Tanaman Kedelai

Spodoptera litura (armyworm) is an important leaf pest that is polyphagic and has a broad range of hosts. Spodoptera litura is the main pest in soybean plants and can cause up to 50% damage and often results in decreased productivity and even crop failure. Spodoptera litura is widespread in areas with hot and humid climates from the subtropics to the tropics. S. litura pests attack cultivation plants in the vegetative and generative phases. The prospect of insect pathogens as a substitute for chemical insecticides is quite good in terms of their effectiveness and impact on the environment. Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV) is one of the Baculoviridae viruses that infect the larval stage. Spodoptera litura Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (SlNPV) is a pathogenic virus that infects armyworms. SlNPV JTM 97C is an effective isolate in controlling larvae of Spodoptera litura. The larvae used in this study were larval instar 4, instar 5, and instar 6. The study was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments consisted of controls, 1 g / l, 2g / l, 3 g / l, 4 g / l, and 5 g / l. Each treatment was applied to instar 4, instar 5 and 6 instar larvae. The results showed that SlNPV JTM 97C affected mortality, stopped eating and pupa formation of instar 4, instar 5 larvae, but did not affect instar 6 larvae. The younger the larval instar the higher the pathogenicity response.