PERFORMA GENERATOR HHO DALAM SISTEM BI-FUEL PADA SEPEDA MOTOR SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF

ROTOR ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Ika Kusuma Nugraheni ◽  
Anggun Angkasa ◽  
Abdul Rahman Rifa’i
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Land Water

The increasing of vehicle uses will make the increasing in fuels consumption. In the other hand, the reserves of fossil fuels as a fuel in vehicles are always decreasing. In order to anticipate the lack of fossil fuels, there is some alternatives energy that has to substitute the fossil fuels. One of the alternative energy is HHO Gas. HHO gas is a gas that was produced by the electrolysis of water. Water as an abundant material in earth can be an alternative energy that replace or substitute fossil fuel. In this research, HHO gas will be used as a supplement in fuels. So the vehicles use two fuels (bi-fuel. )The aim of this research is to analyze the performance of uses HHO gas in vehicles. The HHO gas will be produced by different water, such as aquadest, land water, sea water. The performance analysis was focused in the fuel consumption and the efficiency of thermal engine oil. The analysis result shows that the addicted HHO gas can make the efficiency of fuel consumption better. The highest efficiency fuel consumption is in the fuel with HHO gas from aquadest (19.95%). But the best efficiency in thermal engine oil is in HHO gas from sea water (0.84 oC). Keywords: HHO, performance, engine, bifuel

Le biodiesel. I. Caractéristiques, atouts et limites — une synthèse

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nikiema ◽  
M. Heitz
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Atmospheric Emissions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Physico Chemical

Biodiesel, a fuel derived from animal or vegetable oil and fats, is presented in this paper. More specifically, its physico-chemical properties as well as the raw materials and existing standards are described. The advantages, limitations, and future of biodiesel are discussed. Biodiesel offers significant environmental advantages over petrodiesel: its combustion produces fewer atmospheric emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases; in addition, it biodegrades easily and does not present a major risk during storage. On the other hand, the substitution of biodiesel for petrodiesel usually causes an increase in fuel consumption by engines. In addition, according to various estimates, the price of biodiesel is higher than that of petrodiesel. Nevertheless, biodiesel is easy to produce and, with the anticipated decline in stocks of fossil fuels, it constitutes an interesting substitute that should become increasingly used in the next decade.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSALITY OF CO2 EMISSIONS, CONSUMPTION OF FOSSIL FUELS, ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN INDONESIA IN 1990-2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Melati Intan Kurnia ◽  
Hadi Sasana ◽  
Yustirania Septiani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Fossil Fuel Consumption

<p><em>Increasing economic growth will spark against increased energy consumption. But on the other hand, increasing economic growth will also trigger the occurrence of natural damage and degradation of environmental quality derived from CO2 emissions. CO2 emissions are caused by oxidation process of fossil fuel energy. This research aims to know the causality relationship between CO2 emissions, fossil fuel consumption, electricity consumption, and economic growth in Indonesia, as well as long-term relationship between CO2 emissions, fossil fuel consumption, electricity consumption, to economic growth in Indonesia in 1990 – 2019. The used data is the secondary data that is in the form of data time series. The dependent variables of this study are economic growth, while independent variables are CO2 emissions, fossil fuel consumption, electricity consumption. The method that is used in this study is Vector Error Correction Model. The results showed that there was a one-way causality between economic growth and fossil fuel consumption, and between electricity consumption and CO2 emissions. The research also shows that on long-term CO2 emissions has a negative influence, while the consumption of fossil fuels and electricity has a positive effect on Indonesia's economic growth in 1990-2019.</em></p><p><strong><em>K</em></strong><strong><em>eywords</em></strong><em>: CO2, Energy Consumption, Economic Growth.</em></p>

Source Functions of CO2 and Future CO2 Burden in the Atmosphere

1977 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1544-1554
Author(s):  
K. E. Zimen ◽  
P. Offermann ◽  
G. Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Source Function ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Growth Coefficient ◽  
Mauna Loa ◽  
Fossil Fuel Consumption ◽  
The Future ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract A logistic source function for CO2 was derived which takes into account the input arising from the burning of fossil fuels, the stimulation of photosynthesis by the increasing partial pressure of CO2, and the decrease of biomass through deforestation etc. The parameters in a 5-box-model for the kinetics of CO2 were adjusted to fit the new Mauna Loa data on CO2 concentrations in air. Using these parameters and a buffer factor ξ(t) for the absorption of CO2 into the sea, the future CO2 burden was calculated for status quo conditions and for different values of the growth coefficient of fossil fuel consumption. The results show that one can change the deforestation factor in rather wide limits without changing very much the future CO2 concentration in air during the next 80 years or so (cf. Figure 4). On the other hand, the future C02 burden depends strongly on the growth rate of fossil fuel consumption and will double under status quo conditions early in the next century (cf. Figure 5).

scholarly journals Myth v. Fact

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (01) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Reilly ◽  
Allison Crimmins
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Business As Usual

This article predicts future global energy demand under a business-as-usual scenario. According to the MIT projections, conventional technology supported by fossil fuels will continue to dominate under a business-as-usual scenario. In fact, in the absence of climate policies that would impact energy prices, fossil fuels will supply nearly 80% of global primary energy demand in 2100. Alternative energy technologies will expand rapidly. Non-fossil fuel use will grow from 13% to 20% by 2100, with renewable electricity production expanding nearly tenfold and nuclear energy increasing by a factor of 8.5. However, those sources currently provide such a small share of the world's energy that even rapid growth is not enough to significantly displace fossil fuels. In spite of the growth in renewables, the projections indicate that coal will remain among the least expensive fuel sources. Non-fossil fuel alternatives, such as renewable energy and nuclear energy, will be between 40% and 80% more expensive than coal.

scholarly journals Widely used catalysts in biodiesel production: a review

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (68) ◽  
pp. 41625-41679
Author(s):  
Bishwajit Changmai ◽  
Chhangte Vanlalveni ◽  
Avinash Prabhakar Ingle ◽  
Rahul Bhagat ◽  
Lalthazuala Rokhum
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Biodiesel Production

An ever-increasing energy demand and environmental problems associated with exhaustible fossil fuels have led to the search for an alternative energy. In this context, biodiesel has attracted attention worldwide as an alternative to fossil fuel.

Global Potential of Biomass: Heat, Electricity and Liquid and Gaseous Fuels Markets

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jude Iyinbor ◽  
Ogunrinde Abayomi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
Market Factors

Negative environmental effects, diminishing fossil fuel sources and soaring oil prices are some of the pertinent factors militating against the long term usage of fossil fuels. These make the introduction of alternative energy sources an integral part of our global energy plan. On the contrary, established fossil fuel infrastructures, flexibility of fossil fuels and economic gains from the oil sector are a few reasons why there is a global attitude of ‘drill the last drop before developing sustainable alternatives’. There are various energy sources that have little environmental effects and are sustainable (e.g. wind, geothermal, solar, hydro, biomass, e.t.c.), but the potentials they do have when it comes to the major energy utilization forms (heat, electricity and liquid and gaseous fuels) will be a key determinant of how alternative energy sources will be able to match the seemingly invincible presence of fossil fuels. The biomass option is examined in this report considering its potential with respect to heat, electricity and liquid and gaseous fuels market. Factors that may favour or hinder its potential and suitable solutions on how the potential can be increased are also discussed.

scholarly journals Pengujian SFC Konverter Kit Buatan untuk LPG pada Mobil dengan Sistem Injeksi Karburator

Jurnal METTEK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Gede Bayu Wiria Esaputra ◽  
IGB Wijaya Kusuma ◽  
I Made Widiyarta
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
High Price ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Gear Shift ◽  
Gas Fuel

Salah satu energi alternatif pengganti bahan bakar fosil yang berkembang di masyarakat Indonesia adalah Bahan Bakar Gas (BBG) diantaranya Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG). Akan tetapi konversi BBM ke BBG di Indonesia saat ini belum terlihat secara nyata kemajuan perkembangannya. Kendala selain tingginya harga satu paket konverter kit di pasaran adalah performa yang di hasilkan oleh LPG masih relatif kecil dari Pertamax. Oleh karena itu penulis mencoba membuatkan Konverter Kit baru dengan harga yang lebih terjangkau dan performa yang di hasilkan lebih baik dari Pertamax. Untuk mengetahui performa mesin dari pemakaian Konverter Kit LPG buatan ini maka perlu dilakukan pengujian terhadap daya dan konsumsi bahan bakar spesifik dari penggunaan LPG dan dibandingkan dengan Pertamax. Masing-masing pengujian dilakukan dengan perpindahan persneling dan putaran mesin yang sama antara 2000 hingga 6000 rpm. Dari hasil pengujian penggunaan bahan bakar LPG menghasilkan Daya sebesar 32,87 Hp sedangkan Pertamax sebesar 24,61 Hp dan Konsumsi Bahan Bakar yang lebih baik dibandingkan bahan bakar Pertamax dimana SFC LPG sebesar 17,79 gr/Hp.dt dan Pertamax sebesar 12,11 gr/Hp.dt. LPG dari Konverter Kit buatan ini lebih hemat bahan bakar, dan menghasilkan daya yang lebih besar dibandingkan Pertamax, sehingga menghasilkan SFC yang lebih baik dibandingkan Pertamax. One of alternative energy substitute for fossil fuels that is developing in Indonesian society is Gas Fuel (BBG) including Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG). However, the conversion of BBM to BBG in Indonesia is not yet visible in the progress of its development. The obstacle besides the high price of one converter kit package on the market is the performance produced by LPG is still relatively small than Pertamax. Therefore, the author tries to make a new converter kit with a more affordable price and better performance than Pertamax. To find out the engine performance of the use of this artificial LPG Converter Kit it is necessary to test the specific power and fuel consumption of LPG usage and compare with Pertamax. Each test is carried out with the same gear shift and engine speed between 2000 and 6000 rpm. From the results of testing the use of LPG fuels produce power about 32,87 Hp and Pertamax produce power about 24,61 Hp and fuel consumption more good compared to Pertamax fuels, which is 17,79 gr/Hp.s for LPG and 12,11 gr/Hp.s for Pertamax. The LPG from this artificial converter kit is more fuel efficient, and produces more power than Pertamax, so it produces a better SFC than Pertamax.

scholarly journals VARIASI SUDUT PANCAR BURNER CUP UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERFORMA PEMBAKARAN PADA KOMPOR BERBAHAN BAKAR BIOGAS MENUJU DESA MANDIRI ENERGI DI YOGYAKARTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Kris Hariyanto ◽  
Benedictus Mardwianta
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Flame Stability ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Household Activities

Biogas is an alternative energy sources as a substitute for fossil fuels in household activities daily, but there are obstacles in the use of biogas, namely the difficulty of arranging a flame that is stable and fuel consumption relatively less efficient biogas. So it takes a design development system that will produce a burning stove produces biogas-fueled stove fits the purpose of research, on the other hand biogas stove should be simple, cheap production price, maximum efficiency and safe to use. Stages in the study include: desk assessment, creation of objective requirements design, manufacture conceptual and basic design, manufacture real stove. As for knowing the performance of the stove carried stove performance tests are: test flame stability and efficiency. The results showed that the efficiency of the biogas stove design results in only 31 percent higher than the efficiency of biogas stoves old design, while the fuel consumption of biogas stoves new design is 16 percent lower when compared with fuel consumption of biogas stoves old design. In terms of manufacture and ease of repair and maintenance of gas cookers new design is more easily repaired and easy to make and simple in form compared with the old design biogas stoves.

scholarly journals Incentive policies for coal plants in Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1917-1924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Yildizhan
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Developing Economy ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
Incentive Policies

Turkey need for electricity increases constantly because of its developing economy. So it applies to incentives to find solution to the problem of scarcity of electricity. Building plants using coal gets the greatest support from the state in Turkey. Electricity production with coal in Turkey increases faster than the other sources due to the incentive policies at place. On the other hand, coal compared with other fossil fuel is also the most abundant and most widely used fossil fuel in the world. According to the International Energy Agency data, building plants using coal is in the lead. In addition, it is foreseen that building plants using coal will be the major way of producing electricity although many other materials started to be used in the production of electricity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the incentive policies Turkey has in regards to coal plants and to offer policies.

Performance Analysis of Rice Bran Oil [Non-Edible] as Alternative Fuel for D I Engines

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasad Baburao Rampure ◽  
C. Venkataramana Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Opening Pressure

The economic growth of any country is determined by the natural resources it possesses and the fuel that it has. The rate of growth of any country is mostly directly proportional to the amount of fuel it possesses. Fossil fuels are important resources those have helped in the rapid industrialization of the world and thus to the increase in the quality of life. However, due to the threat of supply instabilities and the effect of green house gases caused by internal combustion engines have received more and more interests in the use of alternative fuel. The study deals with the experimental investigation and the performance analysis of rice bran oil (non edible) a straight vegetable oil (SVO] and its blends with diesel for different injector opening pressure by using DI diesel engines. Most of the published work using rice bran oil in diesel engine was carried out without changing injector opening pressure and static injection timing. The observations of the investigation are of the following performance parameters: 1. Specific Fuel Consumption - Diesel vs rice bran oil. 2. Optimum Air Fuel ratios. 3. Study of exhaust gases in line with the specifications of Indian pollution norms. 4.Techno-Commercial considerations in the modification of engine if required. Experiments were conducted by blending diesel with rice bran oil in various proportions and with varying loads. Studies have found that the use of blends of more viscous rice bran oil and Diesel in various percentages result in the decrease of the Specific fuel consumption (SFC) while the use of 100% rice bran oil results in the marginally higher Specific fuel consumption than Diesel. Further studies are on for other parameters.

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