scholarly journals Stan badań dziejów młyna papierniczego w Dusznikach-Zdroju

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 201-226
Author(s):  
Maciej Szymczyk
Keyword(s):  
Recent Decade ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
World Heritage List ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

The article is devoted to the evolution of interest in the paper mill in Duszniki-Zdrój for over two centuries. The paper mill was established before 1562, when the Kłodzko region was part of the Kingdom of Bohemia. The mill played an important economic and cultural role for nearly three centuries. It stopped its operations during the great economic crisis and in 1939 was sold to the city of Duszniki. After the Second World War and incorporation of Silesia with the Kłodzko region into Poland, the mill was o fficially recognised as a historic building (listed in 1956) and in 1968 it was turned into the Museum of Papermaking. It 2011 the paper mill was granted the status of a Monument of History, which paved the way for it to be included in the UNESCO list.Interest in the history of the mill dates back to at least the second half of the eighteenth century. In 1789 a detailed history of the mill was published in Beyträge zur Beschreibung von Schlesien by F.A. Zimmermann and a lot of the information included in it at the time still remains relevant. During the following century interest in the history of the mill was shown by J. Kögler and W. Hohaus, and in the early twentieth century — by F. Hössle or B. Maiwald. After the Second World War the history of the mill was studied by many Polish historians, including K. Maleczyńska, M. Kutzner, M. Przyłecki, K. Sarnecki and W. Tomaszewska. The interest in the paper mill and its history has been boosted on an unprecedented scale over the recent decade, after eff orts were launched to have the mill entered in the UNESCO list. The paper mill has been studied by e.g. R. Eysymontt, A. Fortuna-Marek, G. Grajewski, A. Kozieł, R. Sachs, A. Szeląg, B. Szmygin, as well as J. Bałchan and M. Szymczyk, both of whom were associated with the museum. In 2018 the Museum of Papermaking published a Monograph of the Duszniki-Zdrój Paper Mill, which contains the latest fi ndings about the history of the paper mill and which will be used in the nomination for the mill to be included in the World Heritage List.

Bar-Dancing, Palm Wine, and Letters

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-154
Author(s):  
Danielle Porter Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Sense Of Control ◽  
World War ◽  
Palm Wine ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Will ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

Abstract This article focuses on the militarization of social life and leisure in Brazzaville during the Second World War and argues that efforts to instill a sense of control over the city could only suppress life so much, as many Congolese people were unwilling to completely succumb to the will of the administration in a war that seemed to offer very little to their communities or their city as a whole. Furthermore, drinking and dancing served as opportunities to engage with issues of class and race in the wartime capital of Afrique Française Libre. The history of alcohol consumption in Brazzaville is not simply the story of choosing whether or not to drink (or allow others to drink); rather, it is one of many stories of colonial control, exploitation, and racism that plagued Europe’s colonies in Africa during the Second World War.

scholarly journals The War of Khalkhin Gol in 1939 and the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Sukhodolov ◽  
Tuvd Dorj ◽  
Yuriy Kuzmin ◽  
Mikhail Rachkov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Second World

For the first time in Russian historiography, the article draws attention to the connection of the War of Khalkhin Gol in 1939 and the conclusion of the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact of 1939. For a long time, historical science considered these two major events in the history of the USSR and history of the world individually, without their historic relationship. The authors made an attempt to provide evidence of this relationship, showing the role that surrounding and defeating the Japanese army at Khalkhin Gol in August 1939 and signing in Moscow of the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact played in the history of the world. The study analyzes the foreign policy of the USSR in Europe, the reasons for the failure in the conclusion of the Anglo-Franco-Soviet military union in 1939 and the circumstances of the Pact. It shows the interrelation between the defeat of the Japanese troops at Khalkhin Gol and the need for the Soviet-German treaty. The authors describe the historic consequences of the conclusion of the pact for the further development of the Japanese-German relations and the course of the Second World War. They also present the characteristics of the views of these historical events in the Russian historiography.

Housing in the Latin American City, 1900–1976

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Yee
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Urban Housing ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

Housing has been a central feature of Latin America’s dramatic transformation into the most urbanized region of the world. Between 1940 and 1970, the portion of people who lived in urban areas rose from 33 percent to 64 percent; a seismic shift that caused severe housing deficits, overcrowding, and sprawl in Latin America’s major cities. After the Second World War, these urban slums became a symbol of underdevelopment and a target for state-led modernization projects. At a time when Cold War tensions were escalating throughout the world, the region’s housing problems also became more politicized through a network of foreign aid agencies. These overlapping factors illustrate how the history of local housing programs were bound up with broader hemispheric debates over economic development and the role of the nation-state in social affairs. The history of urban housing in 20th-century Latin America can be divided into three distinct periods. The first encompasses the beginning of the 20th century, when issues of housing in the central-city districts were primarily viewed through the lens of public health. Leading scientists, city planners, psychiatrists, and political figures drew strong connections between the sanitary conditions of private domiciles and the social behavior of their residents in public spaces. After the Second World War, urban housing became a proving ground for popular ideas in the social sciences that stressed industrialization and technological modernization as the way forward for the developing world. In this second period, mass housing was defined by a central tension: the promotion of modernist housing complexes versus self-help housing—a process in which residents build their own homes with limited assistance from the state. By the 1970s, the balance had shifted from modernist projects to self-help housing, a development powerfully demonstrated by the 1976 United Nations (UN) Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat I). This seminal UN forum marked a transitional moment when the concepts of self-help community development were formally adopted by emergent, neo-liberal economists and international aid agencies.

scholarly journals The Currency of Historicity in Hong Kong: Deconstructing Nostalgia through Soy Milk

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine S. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Asian Tigers ◽  
Tv Commercials ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World ◽  
General Criticism

In the 1980s, as the end of the millennium approached, the production of nostalgia exploded all around the world. For Hong Kong, nostalgia became a reminder of the golden age that had transformed the city into one of the “Four Asian Tigers” in the decades following the end of the Second World War. While yearning for the better days of the past, Hong Kong coincidentally experienced destabilisation. As the rest of the world, especially the “baby boomers,” mourned the end of a productive era, Hong Kong locals were disturbed by the affirmation of the handover to China in 1997. In the context of these events, a creative rush to nostalgia in cultural manufacturing swept across the city. In the hope of highlighting the uniqueness of nostalgic production in Hong Kong, this study analyses two sets of TV commercials produced by local beverage company Vitasoy. Through the deconstruction of selected historical events, Vitasoy successfully reinvented its brand and, in contrast to general criticism of the concept, generated a positive connotation for nostalgia on the path towards Hong Kong's search for an identity.

Between Two Abysses: Ukraine During the Second World War

2016 ◽  
pp. 169-182
Author(s):  
I. Patrylyak
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Alternative Development ◽  
World War ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Liberation Movement ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

This article presents a conceptual approach to understanding the history of Ukraine during the Second World War. The author analyzes the main features of the post-Soviet Ukrainian historiography of the Second World War, indicates its positive and negative features, and offers his own scheme of the history of the Second World War in Ukraine. The researcher places the work within a global historical process in which the struggle of various competing imperialist empires whose aims included the inclusion of Ukrainian ethnic territories within their own orbits. The author also offers quite a different view of the Ukrainian liberation movement during the Second World War, representing it not as part of an anti-Nazi resistance, but as a separate alternative development of the Ukrainian people against the backdrop of competing imperialist projects: the Nazi “New Europe” and the Bolshevik “world revolution”. The author describes the Second World War as an “unfinished war” that did not bring Ukraine freedom, independence and liberation from tyranny, but rather led to the replacement of one criminal regime with another. Determining the status of Ukraine during the Second World War, the author stresses that Ukraine and the Ukrainian people can’t be positioned as either “winners” or “losers”, but only as victims of the war.

The International Institute of Administrative Sciences: main stages of its history

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-215
Author(s):  
Denis Moschopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
International Institute ◽  
World War ◽  
Permanent Commission ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
History Of ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Second World

The article reviews the major moments in the history of the International Institute of Administrative Sciences from the year of its establishment (1930) to the present. Additionally, it provides information on the 1910-30 period during which the Permanent Commission for International Congresses in Administrative Sciences operated. More specifically, the article presents the main themes addressed by the international congresses, round tables and conferences organized by the previously mentioned Commission in the beginning, and by the Institute after 1930. Attention is given to the Institutés ‘internationalization’ during the post Second World War period. The Institutés international vocation was demonstrated by the participation of member states and national sections from all over the world, as well as by the development of cooperation with international and supranational organizations. Finally, the Institutés scientific methods and techniques during the 20th century are presented.

scholarly journals Impact of Women's Economic Activities in The Republic of Congo from 1990 to 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 191-203
Author(s):  
Oba Dominique
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Second World ◽  
Status Of Women

Since the XXth century, and especially after the Second World War, particular attention was given to the status of women who for many years was overs had owed. These different events led policy makers at the international level as well as in different countries of the world to make courageous decisions globally in favor of women globally. These decisions have enabled women to take flight both by integrating socially themselves and by taking beneficial actions that could contribute to the economic and social development of their respective countries. On the economic level in particular, Congolese women exercise many activities related to their own initiative or to collective action, these different activities contribute to the economic development of the Republic of Congo. In the economic field, the man alone cannot ensure the development of the country, the Congolese woman also contributes to this development. 

scholarly journals From a history of war into a multicultural urban environment: A cultural impact assessment of the conservation of the Swedish-Russian Fortress of Lappeenranta, Finland

1970 ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Suvi Niinisalo
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Correctional Facility ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Impact ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

Finland, under Swedish rule at the time, started constructing the Lappeenranta Fortress in the 1720s for defence against an eastern threat. A small town had been founded on the site as early as 1649. In 1741, the Russians invaded the fortress in a fierce battle. Russians, led by Aleksandr Suvorov, started to improve the fortress in the late 18th century. The oldest buildings in the fortress date back to this time. When Finland was annexed into the Russian Empire as an autonomous grand duchy, the fortress was employed as a correctional facility for prisoners. After the Second World War, the fortress was left to deteriorate, but in the 1970s a 30-year conservation project was launched. This article explores the effects of this conservation work on the city of Lappeenranta as well as on its inhabitants.

The collection of a toy: Production history and collection value of the Matchbox regarding the consumer behaviours

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-63
Author(s):  
Ceyda Özgen
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Casting Technology ◽  
Production History ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Metal Castings ◽  
Second World

Metal casting technology reached at a very advanced point after the Second World War. When the war was over, many companies producing metal castings suffered a huge market loss and tried to create new markets and develop new products. Some companies, inspired by the rapid development of automobile production, started to produce toy model cars with the casting technique, which were generally made with sheet metal bending until then, using the moulding techniques they had advanced. In this study, the history of Lesney company, established after the Second World War, and the development of Matchbox’s product range will be discussed in the context of collecting and a collection object. Matchbox collections are the most common model car collections in the world. The status of the designed objects as collectible objects was investigated together with the history and development process of Matchbox cars production and collecting behaviour of consumer.

Dennis Showalter and the history of armour during Second World War

2022 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-67
Author(s):  
Kaushik Roy
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Present Author ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Good Works ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Second World

Whenever one thinks of the World War II, the image of dark menacing panzers cutting deep swathes into enemy forces comes up to the mind. No amount of interpretation and overinterpretation can belittle the extraordinary role-played by the panzers in World War II. Similarly, despite the presence of numerous good works by various historians and introduction of exotic methodologies, Professor Dennis Showalter’s place in the world of academic writings on World War II can never be marginalized. The present article humbly attempts to highlight one aspect of Professor Showalter’s research: history of tanks during the World War II. This essay has two sections. The first section evaluates Showalter’s three works dealing with armour during the World War II. In the next section, the present author, inspired by Showalter’s works on armoured war, attempts to recount the evolution of armoured branch in the Indian Army until the end of World War II. Indian tank units, as this article argues, played a crucial role in the capture of Meiktila and the subsequent ‘Race to Rangoon’.

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