scholarly journals Alzheimer's dementia, cognitive impairment and decision making

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
Aurora Moreno ◽  
José R. Alameda
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Alzheimer Type ◽  
Alzheimer Type Dementia ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Strategy Pattern ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Card Test

This study aims to know about how is the decision making in Alzheimer Type Dementia (ATD) the target is to see if the tendency at risk appears or not, and the relationship between performance and the cognitive status in each of the areas evaluated by the screening test for dementia cognitive. Ten ATD patients participated in this experiment, compared with ten control subjects. A Card Test (based on the Iowa Gambling Task) was used. Subjects had to choose among different options that implied more or less risk. Furthermore, a screening test was used. The results reflected the fact that subjects with ATD in an initial stage showed a tendency to risk in decision making and they did not develop any election strategy pattern. It seems that the way in which patients make their decisions is related to the cognitive damage and the degree in which Alzheimer affects the different brain areas.

scholarly journals Alzheimer's dementia, cognitive impairment and decision making

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
Aurora Moreno ◽  
José R. Alameda
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Alzheimer Type ◽  
Alzheimer Type Dementia ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Strategy Pattern ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Card Test

This study aims to know about how is the decision making in Alzheimer Type Dementia (ATD) the target is to see if the tendency at risk appears or not, and the relationship between performance and the cognitive status in each of the areas evaluated by the screening test for dementia cognitive. Ten ATD patients participated in this experiment, compared with ten control subjects. A Card Test (based on the Iowa Gambling Task) was used. Subjects had to choose among different options that implied more or less risk. Furthermore, a screening test was used. The results reflected the fact that subjects with ATD in an initial stage showed a tendency to risk in decision making and they did not develop any election strategy pattern. It seems that the way in which patients make their decisions is related to the cognitive damage and the degree in which Alzheimer affects the different brain areas.

scholarly journals Decision making under ambiguity and risk in adolescent-onset schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Li ◽  
Fengyan Zhang ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Yifan Zhang ◽  
Tingting Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Abnormal Pattern ◽  
Negative Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective Numerous studies have identified impaired decision making (DM) under both ambiguity and risk in adult patients with schizophrenia. However, the assessment of DM in patients with adolescent-onset schizophrenia (AOS) has been challenging as a result of the instability and heterogeneity of manifestations. The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and Game of Dice Task (GDT), which are frequently used to evaluate DM respectively under ambiguity and risk, are sensitive to adolescents and neuropsychiatric patients. Our research intended to examine the performance of DM in a relatively large sample of patients with AOS using the above-mentioned two tasks. We also aimed to take a closer look at the relationship between DM and symptom severity of schizophrenia. Methods We compared the performance of DM in 71 patients with AOS and 53 well-matched healthy controls using IGT for DM under ambiguity and GDT for DM under risk through net scores, total scores and feedback ration. Neuropsychological tests were conducted in all participants. Clinical symptoms were evaluated by using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) in 71 patients with AOS. Pearson’s correlation revealed the relationship among total score of DM and clinical and neuropsychological data. Results Compared to healthy controls, patients with AOS failed to show learning effect and had a significant difference on the 5th block in IGT and conducted more disadvantageous choices as well as exhibited worse negative feedback rate in GDT. Apart from DM impairment under risk, diminished DM abilities under ambiguity were found related to poor executive function in AOS in the present study. Conclusions Our findings unveiled the abnormal pattern of DM in AOS, mainly reflected under the risky condition, extending the knowledge on the performance of DM under ambiguity and risk in AOS. Inefficient DM under risk may account for the lagging impulse control and the combined effects of developmental disease. In addition, our study demonstrated that the performance on IGT was related to executive function in AOS.

scholarly journals Heart Rate Variability and Decision-Making: Autonomic Responses in Making Decisions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Forte ◽  
Matteo Morelli ◽  
Maria Casagrande
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Good Decision ◽  
Valid Index ◽  
Inhibitory Circuit ◽  
The Relationship

Decision-making is one of the most crucial cognitive processes in daily life. An adaptable, rapid, and flexible decision requires integration between brain and body. Heart rate variability (HRV) indexes this brain–body connection and appears to be related to cognitive performance. However, its relationship with decision-making is poorly analyzed. This study investigates the relationship between HRV and the decision-making process, assessed through the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). One hundred and thirty healthy university students (mean age = 23.35 ± 2.50) participated in the study. According to IGT performance, they were divided into high decision-makers (n = 79) and low decision-makers (n = 51). Heart rate variability was measured in the resting, reactivity (i.e., during IGT), and recovery phases. Higher vagally mediated HRV (vmHRV; indexed in frequency domain measures) was evidenced in good decision-makers in the resting, reactivity, and recovery phases. During the task, a higher vagal modulation after a first evaluation was highlighted in good decision-makers. In conclusion, HRV proves to be a valid index of inhibitory circuit functioning in the prefrontal cortex. The relationship with cognitive functions was also confirmed, considering the ability to inhibit disadvantageous responses and make better decisions.

scholarly journals Correlation between Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Alzheimer Type Dementia and Plasma Homocysteine Concentration

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanjie Zheng ◽  
Jindong Wang ◽  
Lei Yi ◽  
Hui Yu ◽  
Lingli Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Alzheimer Type ◽  
Homocysteine Concentration ◽  
Alzheimer Type Dementia ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine Concentration ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Behavioral And Psychological Symptoms

The relationship between plasma homocysteine and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) has not been specifically investigated in previous research. In this study, we compared plasma homocysteine (Hcy) among 40 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients with BPSD, 37 AD patients without BPSD, and 39 healthy controls. Our results evidenced that the plasma homocysteine levels in AD patients with BPSD and without BPSD were higher than healthy controls and that the plasma homocysteine concentration in AD patients with BPSD was the highest among the three groups. Significant correlation between plasma homocysteine concentration and cognitive decline and duration of dementia was observed, but there was no correlation between BPSD and cognitive dysfunction or duration of dementia. In conclusion, this study showed for the first time that BPSD were associated with plasma homocysteine concentration in Alzheimer's dementia, and the results supported that hyperhomocysteine may take part in the pathogenesis of BPSD.

scholarly journals The Relation Between Personality and Biomarkers in Sensitivity and Conversion to Alzheimer-Type Dementia

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 596-606
Author(s):  
Janet M. Duchek ◽  
Andrew J. Aschenbrenner ◽  
Anne M. Fagan ◽  
Tammie L.S. Benzinger ◽  
John C. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Alzheimer Type ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Informant Ratings ◽  
Alzheimer Type Dementia ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Behavioral Markers ◽  
Normal Controls

AbstractObjectives:The present study explored relationships among personality, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers, and dementia by addressing the following questions: (1) Does personality discriminate healthy aging and earliest detectable stage of AD? (2) Does personality predict conversion from healthy aging to early-stage AD? (3) Do AD biomarkers mediate any observed relationships between personality and dementia status/conversion?Methods:Both self- and informant ratings of personality were obtained in a large well-characterized longitudinal sample of cognitively normal older adults (N = 436) and individuals with early-stage dementia (N = 74). Biomarkers included amyloid imaging, hippocampal volume, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) Aβ42, and CSF tau.Results:Higher neuroticism, lower conscientiousness, along with all four biomarkers strongly discriminated cognitively normal controls from early-stage AD individuals. The direct effects of neuroticism and conscientiousness were only mediated by hippocampal volume. Conscientiousness along with all biomarkers predicted conversion from healthy aging to early-stage AD; however, none of the biomarkers mediated the relationship between conscientiousness and conversion. Conscientiousness predicted conversion as strongly as the biomarkers, with the exception of hippocampal volume.Conclusions:Conscientiousness and to a lesser extent neuroticism serve as important independent behavioral markers for AD risk.

scholarly journals Behavioral and Electrophysiological Arguments in Favor of a Relationship between Impulsivity, Risk-Taking, and Success on the Iowa Gambling Task

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Giustiniani ◽  
Coralie Joucla ◽  
Djamila Bennabi ◽  
Magali Nicolier ◽  
Thibault Chabin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Successful Strategy ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
Dispositional Trait ◽  
Trait Impulsivity ◽  
Cognitive Impulsivity ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between trait impulsivity, risk-taking, and decision-making performance. We recruited 20 healthy participants who performed the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART) to measure decision-making and risk-taking. The impulsivity was measured by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Resting-state neural activity was recorded to explore whether brain oscillatory rhythms provide important information about the dispositional trait of impulsivity. We found a significant correlation between the ability to develop a successful strategy and the propensity to take more risks in the first trials of the BART. Risk-taking was negatively correlated with cognitive impulsivity in participants who were unable to develop a successful strategy. Neither risk-taking nor decision-making was correlated with cortical asymmetry. In a more exploratory approach, the group was sub-divided in function of participants’ performances at the IGT. We found that the group who developed a successful strategy at the IGT was more prone to risk, whereas the group who failed showed a greater cognitive impulsivity. These results emphasize the need for individuals to explore their environment to develop a successful strategy in uncertain situations, which may not be possible without taking risks.

Pick a Card, Any Card: The Relationship Between Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms and Decision-Making

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelina Leonello ◽  
Mairwen K. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Anxious Arousal ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Anxiety Condition

Specific deficits in decision-making have been demonstrated in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The experience of anxious arousal in obsessive-compulsive (OC) patients has been posited to be responsible for disrupting the cognitive processes that lead to efficacious decision-making (Sachdev & Malhi, 2005). In spite of this, research has neglected to examine explicitly the effect of anxiety on the relationship between decision-making and OCD. The current study investigates whether decision-making differences on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) occur as a function of OC symptomatology in a non-clinical sample (n = 110). Participants were randomly allocated to either an anxiety condition (n = 58) or control condition (n = 52). Anxious arousal was induced in the anxiety condition via an experimental manipulation prior to commencing the IGT. Participants in the anxiety condition performed significantly worse than those in the control group on the IGT. However, OC symptomatology did not significantly predict IGT performance. The experience of anxiety did not significantly moderate the relationship between OC symptomatology and IGT performance. These findings indicate that decision-making differences do not occur as a function of OC symptomatology in a non-clinical sample; however, they do suggest that the experience of anxiety significantly impairs decision-making performance. The theoretical and practical applications of the findings are discussed.

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