Current methods of radiological diagnosis of kidney neoplasms (literature review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Oleg N. YAMSHIKOV ◽  
Natalia V. YEMELYANOVA ◽  
Daria S. ZAGORODNOVA
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Neoplasms ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Kidney Tumors ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Total Incidence ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Medical Disciplines

We presented an overview of domestic and foreign studies on the diagnosis of renal malignancies published in publicly available electronic specialized medical publications. Taking into account that every year the share of oncological diseases in the structure of the total incidence is constantly growing, and that cancer is one of the main causes of death and disability in the working age population, currently, the search for new diagnostic methods to detect kidney tumors still remains a pressing problem located at the junction of several medical disciplines, in particular, oncology, urology, radiation diagnostics and radiation therapy. Over the past decade, the diagnosis of malignant kidney neoplasms has undergone significant changes and has stepped far forward. Because of that the ability to detect the disease in the early stages of development increases. In the study, we examined the most widespread methods, methods that have already lost relevance, as well as new methods, such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography ultrasonography, radiography, etc. We also considered the possibilities of differential diagnosis of benign and malignant neoplasms.

scholarly journals The life path of professor Max Wilms (1867 – 1918)

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 121-123
Author(s):  
T. Sh. Morgoshiya ◽  
N. A. Syroezhin
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Kidney Tumors ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Classical Studies ◽  
Life Path ◽  
Mixed Tumors

The scientific activity of M. Wilms is characterized by a versatility of his surveys and breadth of research. M. Wilms contributed to the development of clinical surgery and oncology by proposing new methods for diagnosing and treating the main forms of malignant tumors of the genital organs and kidneys; he made a significant contribution to the practice of world medicine. M. Wilms conducted classical studies of  teratoid tumors of  the ovaries and testes, mixed tumors, kidney tumors. The  tumor described by M. Wilms in 1899, is one of the most frequent malignant neoplasms in children, it usually occurs from 2 to 5 years, but it can be detected at any age, even in very old people. A talented scientist and teacher demanding of himself and his students, Max Wilms published over 130 scientific works, he was the only author of the vast majority of them.Conflict of interest: The authors of this article confirmed the lack of conflict of interest and financial support, which should be reported.

ANALYSIS OF ONCOLOGICAL MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN THE VORONEZH REGION AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ONCOLOGICAL SERVICE

2021 ◽  
pp. 149-157
Author(s):  
Владимир Петрович Косолапов ◽  
Галина Владимировна Сыч ◽  
Алёна Геннадьевна Деряева ◽  
Наталья Николаевна Чайкина
Keyword(s):  
Total Mortality ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Significant Disability ◽  
First Time ◽  
Made In

Злокачественные новообразования являются одной из самых значимых проблем, затрагивающих не только систему здравоохранения, но и общество в целом. Обеспокоенность и повышенное внимание к онкологии обусловлены устойчивой тенденцией роста заболеваемости во всем мире, которая и в обозримом будущем продолжит нарастать, что объясняется рядом субъективных и объективных причин: постарением населения, экологическими, социальными, экономическими и другими факторами. Так, в 2019 г. в Российской Федерации впервые в жизни выявлен 640 391 случай злокачественных новообразований. Прирост данного показателя по сравнению с 2018 годом составил 2,5%. На конец 2019 года в территориальных онкологических учреждениях России состояли на учете 3 928 338 пациентов, что на 4,2% больше, чем в предыдущем году. Около 43% впервые выявленных злокачественных новообразований диагностируют в III-IV стадии. Это приводит к росту показателя смертности и значительной инвалидизации больных. Ежегодно в России более 200 тыс. больных впервые признают инвалидами от онкологического заболевания (20,0% от общего числа впервые признанных инвалидами). Умерло от злокачественных новообразований в 2019 году 293 тыс. человек, что составляет 16,4% в общей структуре смертности (вторая причина после сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний). Среди умерших в трудоспособном возрасте (15-59 лет) доля умерших от злокачественных новообразований составила 16,5%. Потери от злокачественных новообразований в репродуктивном возрасте (20-44 года) в женской популяции составили 17,7%. Все это свидетельствует о чрезвычайно высокой социальной значимости ранней диагностики, профилактики и лечения онкологических заболеваний. За последние годы достигнуты значительные успехи в профилактике, диагностике и лечении новообразований, но многие вопросы все еще изучены недостаточно Malignant neoplasms are one of the most significant problems that affect not only the healthcare system, but also society as a whole. Concern and increased attention to oncology are caused by a steady trend of increasing morbidity worldwide, which will continue to increase in the foreseeable future, which is explained by a number of subjective and objective reasons: aging of the population, environmental, social, economic and other factors. Thus, in 2019, 640,391 cases of malignant neoplasms were detected in the Russian Federation for the first time in life. The growth of this indicator compared to 2018 was 2.5%. At the end of 2019, 3,928,338 patients were registered in territorial oncological institutions of Russia, which is 4.2% more than in the previous year. About 43% of newly detected malignant neoplasms are diagnosed in stage III-IV. This leads to an increase in the mortality rate and significant disability of patients. Every year in Russia, more than 200 thousand patients are recognized as disabled from cancer for the first time (20.0% of the total number of people recognized as disabled for the first time). 293 thousand people died from malignant neoplasms in 2019, which is 16.4% of the total mortality structure (the second cause after cardiovascular diseases). Among those who died at the working age (15-59 years), the proportion of those who died from malignant neoplasms was 16.5%. Losses from malignant neoplasms in the reproductive age (20-44 years) in the female population amounted to 17.7%. All this testifies to the extremely high social significance of early diagnosis, prevention and treatment of oncological diseases. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of neoplasms, but many issues are still insufficiently studied

scholarly journals Rectal palpation for pregnancy checks in cows – the past or an alternative to modern diagnostic methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (01) ◽  
pp. 6156-2019
Author(s):  
JĘDRZEJ M. JAŚKOWSKI ◽  
MICHAŁ KACZMAROWSKI ◽  
JAKUB KULUS ◽  
BARTŁOMIEJ M. JAŚKOWSKI ◽  
MAGDALENA HERUDZIŃSKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Rectal Examination ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Additional Equipment ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Rectal Palpation

Early diagnosis of pregnancy in cattle is an important factor determining the profitability of breeding. It allows to shorten the intercalving period, by accelerating the next insemination procedure or diagnosing the cause of infertility. Palpation of the reproductive system by rectal examination isthe method used for more than 100 years it involves palpation of the uterine horns to detect the fetal vesicle, fetus water and the embryo itself. The earliest period when a fetal bladder can be detected is the 28th day after insemination in heifers and 32-35 in multiparous. The method is fast, cheap, does not require additional equipment, and the result is immediate. The ability to carry out the proper and effective recognition with this method is not easy and requires theoretical and practical preparation. The method also involves the risk of causing fetal damage and, as a result, loss of pregnancy and deterioration of the cow’s well-being. The modernization of the method is the introduction of an ultrasound for rectal examination, which allows to increase the efficiency of diagnosis and shorten the time from insemination to the examination. Diagnosis of early pregnancy through rectal examination, although it has been used for a long time, has not lost its importance or popularity. Although new methods of diagnosing pregnancy still appear in today’s practice, they do not affect its importance.

scholarly journals Current Trends in Cancer Immunotherapy

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 621
Author(s):  
Ivan Y. Filin ◽  
Valeriya V. Solovyeva ◽  
Kristina V. Kitaeva ◽  
Catrin S. Rutland ◽  
Albert A. Rizvanov
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Effective Drug ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Current State ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
State Of Affairs

The search for an effective drug to treat oncological diseases, which have become the main scourge of mankind, has generated a lot of methods for studying this affliction. It has also become a serious challenge for scientists and clinicians who have needed to invent new ways of overcoming the problems encountered during treatments, and have also made important discoveries pertaining to fundamental issues relating to the emergence and development of malignant neoplasms. Understanding the basics of the human immune system interactions with tumor cells has enabled new cancer immunotherapy strategies. The initial successes observed in immunotherapy led to new methods of treating cancer and attracted the attention of the scientific and clinical communities due to the prospects of these methods. Nevertheless, there are still many problems that prevent immunotherapy from calling itself an effective drug in the fight against malignant neoplasms. This review examines the current state of affairs for each immunotherapy method, the effectiveness of the strategies under study, as well as possible ways to overcome the problems that have arisen and increase their therapeutic potentials.

The Evolution of Lead Extraction

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Melanie Maytin ◽  
Laurence M Epstein ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Lead Extraction ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
Device Management ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Life Threatening

Prior to the introduction of successful intravascular countertraction techniques, options for lead extraction were limited and dedicated tools were non-existent. The significant morbidity and mortality associated with these early extraction techniques limited their application to life-threatening situations such as infection and sepsis. The past 30 years have witnessed significant advances in lead extraction technology, resulting in safer and more efficacious techniques and tools. This evolution occurred out of necessity, similar to the pressure of natural selection weeding out the ineffective and highly morbid techniques while fostering the development of safe, successful and more simple methods. Future developments in lead extraction are likely to focus on new tools that will allow us to provide comprehensive device management and the design of new leads conceived to facilitate future extraction. With the development of these new methods and novel tools, the technique of lead extraction will continue to require operators that are well versed in several methods of extraction. Garnering new skills while remembering the lessons of the past will enable extraction technologies to advance without repeating previous mistakes.

HPV-associated cervical diseases: screening, methods of examination, principles of treatment

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
Vera N Prilepskaya
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Principles Of Treatment ◽  
Cervical Diseases

This article presents information about modern principles of diagnosis and treatment of HPV-associated diseases. Behind cervical cancer morbidity and mortality rates over the past 10 years increase significantly. Examination and observation of patients with human papillomavirus persistence of highly oncogenic types is important a link in cancer prevention. The article presents diagnostic methods, treatment of cervical diseases, as well as the possibility of pharmacotherapy in HPV-associated diseases.

The role of production and non-production factors in the formation of male mortality (on the example of two Arctic single-industry towns)

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 738-741
Author(s):  
Maria S. Bryleva
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Male Mortality ◽  
Occupational Factors ◽  
Copper Nickel ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Single Industry ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Quality Of Medical Care

Introduction. One of the priority socio-economic and medical-demographic problems in Russia is the high mortality. The study aim is to identify the most significant factors that determine the mortality on the example of two single-industry towns. Materials and methods. Mortality in two single-industry towns specializing in copper-nickel production, differenced in climate, environmental, and socio-economic indicators, was studied using age-standardized indicators averaged over 8 years (2010-2017). Results. In Monchegorsk, compared to Russia, with similar non-production characteristics, working-age mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) was higher by 49.0%, from malignant neoplasms (MN) by 34.7%, from diseases of the digestive system by 35.5%, which confirms the negative impact of occupational factors on the mortality of the population of a single-industry city. In Norilsk city, with the worst characteristics of the environment and climate, compared to Monchegorsk, mortality from CVD was lower in working age by 40.6%, in post-working age by 41.4%; from MN - in working age lower by 37.2% that shows the compensating influence of socio-economic factors on mortality. Conclusion. Risk factors for increased mortality rates in single-industry towns with copper-nickel enterprises are the influence of harmful occupational factors, as well as environmental pollution. Along with primary prevention, an effective mechanism for reducing mortality is to improve socio-economic well-being, and the quality of medical care.

scholarly journals PyroMEMS as Future Technological Building Blocks for Advanced Microenergetic Systems

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Jean-Laurent Pouchairet ◽  
Carole Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Building Block ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Technological Evolution ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Function Block ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Safety And Reliability ◽  
Electronically Controllable

For the past two decades, many research groups have investigated new methods for reducing the size and cost of safe and arm-fire systems, while also improving their safety and reliability, through batch processing. Simultaneously, micro- and nanotechnology advancements regarding nanothermite materials have enabled the production of a key technological building block: pyrotechnical microsystems (pyroMEMS). This building block simply consists of microscale electric initiators with a thin thermite layer as the ignition charge. This microscale to millimeter-scale addressable pyroMEMS enables the integration of intelligence into centimeter-scale pyrotechnical systems. To illustrate this technological evolution, we hereby present the development of a smart infrared (IR) electronically controllable flare consisting of three distinct components: (1) a controllable pyrotechnical ejection block comprising three independently addressable small-scale propellers, all integrated into a one-piece molded and interconnected device, (2) a terminal function block comprising a structured IR pyrotechnical loaf coupled with a microinitiation stage integrating low-energy addressable pyroMEMS, and (3) a connected, autonomous, STANAG 4187 compliant, electronic sensor arming and firing block.

Machine learning for rediscovering revolutionary ideas of the past

2021 ◽  
pp. 105971232098304
Author(s):  
R Alexander Bentley ◽  
Joshua Borycz ◽  
Simon Carrignon ◽  
Damian J Ruck ◽  
Michael J O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Phylogenetic Inference ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Inherent Nature ◽  
Social Learning Processes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Scientific Ideas ◽  
Revolutionary Science

The explosion of online knowledge has made knowledge, paradoxically, difficult to find. A web or journal search might retrieve thousands of articles, ranked in a manner that is biased by, for example, popularity or eigenvalue centrality rather than by informed relevance to the complex query. With hundreds of thousands of articles published each year, the dense, tangled thicket of knowledge grows even more entwined. Although natural language processing and new methods of generating knowledge graphs can extract increasingly high-level interpretations from research articles, the results are inevitably biased toward recent, popular, and/or prestigious sources. This is a result of the inherent nature of human social-learning processes. To preserve and even rediscover lost scientific ideas, we employ the theory that scientific progress is punctuated by means of inspired, revolutionary ideas at the origin of new paradigms. Using a brief case example, we suggest how phylogenetic inference might be used to rediscover potentially useful lost discoveries, as a way in which machines could help drive revolutionary science.

scholarly journals Toward Resolving the Challenges of Sepsis Diagnosis

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1301-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn D Carrigan ◽  
George Scott ◽  
Maryam Tabrizian
Keyword(s):  
Medical Diagnosis ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immune Monitoring ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Magic Bullet ◽  
Sepsis Diagnosis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract Sepsis in the United States has an estimated annual healthcare cost of $16.7 billion and leads to 120 000 deaths. Insufficient development in both medical diagnosis and treatment of sepsis has led to continued growth in reported cases of sepsis over the past two decades with little improvement in mortality statistics. Efforts over the last decade to improve diagnosis have unsuccessfully sought to identify a “magic bullet” proteic biomarker that provides high sensitivity and specificity for infectious inflammation. More recently, genetic methods have made tracking regulation of the genes responsible for these biomarkers possible, giving current research new direction in the search to understand how host immune response combats infection. Despite the breadth of research, inadequate treatment as a result of delayed diagnosis continues to affect approximately one fourth of septic patients. In this report we review past and present diagnostic methods for sepsis and their respective limitations, and discuss the requirements for more timely diagnosis as the next step in curtailing sepsis-related mortality. We also present a proposal toward revision of the current diagnostic paradigm to include real-time immune monitoring.

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