scholarly journals La Antigüedad, ¿virtuosa o esclavista? Un debate de la Ilustración

2017 ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Bernat Montoya Rubio
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic State ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ancient Slavery

Resumen: La concepción que actualmente tenemos de la Antigüedad greco-romana, como un período con unas características socio-económicas particulares claramente diferenciadas de la Europa moderna, no se deriva únicamente de los datos aportados por las fuentes y de las investigaciones históricas del siglo XIX. Esta interpretación de la Antigüedad se configura durante la segunda mitad del s. XVIII en estrecha relación con los debates sobre la situación política y económica que caracterizan este período. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar cómo la dinámica de estos debates afecta a los cambios en la forma de entender la Antigüedad clásica.Palabras clave: Concepción de la Antigüedad, esclavitud antigua, paradigma del humanismo cívico, Pocock, Montesquieu, Adam Smith, Rousseau, MablyAbstract: The current understanding of classical Antiquity, i.e., a period with a number of socio-economical characteristics clearly differentiated from those of Modern Europe, is not solely derived from data provided by Classical texts and the historical research of the 19th century. This interpretation of Antiquity, which appeared during the latter half of the 18th century, bears a close connection to discussions on the political and economic state that characterise the period. The aim of this article is to show the impact of the dynamics of these debates on the changes in the way Classical Antiquity is understood.Key words: Perception of Antiquity, ancient slavery, civic humanist paradigm, Pocock, Montesquieu, Adam Smith, Rousseau, Mably  

Impak Kerjasama Politik Umno-Pas Terhadap Perkembangan Islam Di Malaysia Dari Tahun 1973 Hingga 1978

Sains Insani ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Mohammad Tawfik Yaakub ◽  
Osman Md Rasip
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Radio Station ◽  
The Political ◽  
Coalition Government ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Political Cooperation ◽  
Islamic Religion ◽  
Political Approach ◽  
The Impact

This article discusses impact of UMNO-PAS political cooperation towards Islamic development in Malaysia from 1973 until 1978. The success of political cooperation in 1973 was the result of both UMNO’s leader, Tun Abdul Razak and PAS’s leader, Asri Muda willingness to explore a new political approach compared to what was being practiced at that time. Both leaders then started the development of a government known as the ‘Cooperation Government’ with the combination of UMNO and PAS in 1973 and later on, the development of the National Front’s (BN) Coalition Government in 1974. The Islamic religion benefits the most from the development of the Coalition Government which is a favourable gain for the Malays in Malaysia. Henceforth, this article will discuss in detail on the impact of the political cooperation between UMNO and PAS within the cooperation period. The methods used for this research is by interview and also by referring to secondary sources which are analyzed in a historical descriptive manner that is normally practiced in historical research. At the end of this research it is established that there are profound impacts to the Islamic religion within the UMNO-PAS cooperation period within 1973 to 1978 for example, the television and radio station beginning starting their programmes with the recitation from Quranic verses, the promulgation of ‘Adhan, alcohols are no longer served in official government’s function, lottery companies are not allowed to promote and announce the lottery results in official government’s media, the establishment of Islamic institution, the strengthening of Islamic education and the appropriate change in the relevant ministry’s symbols. This article can be utilized by subsequent researchers who wish to study the impact of political cooperation between UMNO and PAS. Keywords: political cooperation, UMNO-PAS, cooperation government ABTRAK:Makalah ini membincangkan mengenai impak kerjasama politik UMNO-PAS terhadap perkembangan Islam di Malaysia dari tahun 1973 hingga 1978. Kerjasama politik yang berjaya dibentuk bermula pada tahun 1973 adalah hasil daripada kesediaan Tun Abdul Razak dengan Mohd Asri Muda yang menerajui UMNO dan PAS pada ketika itu mencetuskan perubahan corak berpolitik yang berbeza berbanding sebelumnya. Maka, kedua-dua pemimpin ini kemudiannya merintis pembentukan sebuah kerajaan yang menggabungkan UMNO dengan PAS menerusi Kerajaan Campuran pada tahun 1973 dan Kerajaan Gabungan Barisan Nasional (BN) pada tahun 1974. Hasil daripada kejayaan penubuhan kedua-dua kerajaan ini, perkembangan Islam di negara ini bertambah pesat dan dapat dimanfaatkan oleh keseluruhan orang Melayu di Malaysia. Justeru, artikel ini membincangkan secara terperinci impak kerjasama politik antara UMNO dengan PAS dalam tempoh kerjasama politik berkenaan. Penyelidikan ini menggunapakai kaedah temubual dan menyorot sejumlah sumber sekunder yang kemudiannya dianalisis secara deskriptif sejarah (historical descriptive analysis) yang lazimnya dipraktikkan dalam kajian sejarah. Hasil kajian ini mendapati terdapat impak-impak jelas terhadap perkembangan Islam di negara ini sepanjang tempoh kerjasama politik antara UMNO dengan PAS dari tahun 1973 hingga 1978. Antara impak-impak tersebut ialah permulaan siaran televisyen dan radio dengan bacaan ayat-ayat suci Al-Quran, mengumandangkan suara azan, penghapusan arak dalam majlis-majlis kerajaan, penghapusan promosi dan keputusan judi di media kerajaan, penubuhan institusi Islam, pemerkasaan pendidikan Islam dan penukaran simbol institisu kerajaan. Akhirnya, artikel ini dapat dimanfaatkan oleh penyelidik-penyelidik berikutnya untuk menilai impak kerjasama politik antara UMNO dengan PAS.Kata kunci: kerjasama politik, UMNO-PAS, kerajaan campuran

The Portrayal of Islam in Some Early Nigerian Newspapers (1880-1910)

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-328
Author(s):  
Salahudeen Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Religious Conflict ◽  
Intellectual Honesty ◽  
The People ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
The Press ◽  
External Threat ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact

The history of Islam in part of what is known today as Nigeria datesto about the loth Century. Christianity dates to the late 18th Century. Bythe middle of the 19th Century, when Nigerian newspapers began to appearon the streets of Nigeria, both religions had won so many followers and extendedto so many places in Nigeria that very few areas were untouched bytheir influence. The impact of both religions on their adherents not only determinedtheir spiritual life, but influenced their social and political lives aswell. It therefore became inevitable that both religions receive coverage frommost of the newspapers of the time. How the newspapers as media of informationand communication reported issues about the two religions is thetheme of this paper.Rationale for the StudyThe purpose of this study is to highlight the context in which such earlynewspapers operated and the factors that dictated their performance. Thisis because it is assumed that when a society faces external threat to its territory,culture, and independence, all hands (the press inclusive) ought tobe on deck to resist the threat with all might. Were newspapers used as verbalartillery and how did they present each religion? It is also assumed thatin a multireligious society a true press should be objective and serve as avanguard in the promotion of the interest of the people in general and notcreate or foster an atmosphere of religious conflict. The study also aims atfinding out whether the papers promoted intellectual honesty and fosteredthe spirit of unity particularly when the society was faced with the encroachmentof the British who posed a threat to their freedom, culture, economy ...

scholarly journals Tradición clásica y mitos en la poesía cubana del siglo XIX

2020 ◽  
pp. 683-694
Author(s):  
Ángel Ruiz Pérez ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Jose Marti ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Julian Del Casal ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Poesia Cubana

Study of myths and motifs of classical antiquity in the poetry of some important Cuban poets of the 19th century (José María Heredia, Juan Clemente Zenea, Enrique José Varona Julián del Casal and especially José Martí). The importance of art as a subject and as a way of connecting with the ancient world and above all, the centrality of political issues are key aspects that explain the repeated presence of Prometheus and Laocoon

Technology, Inventing, and Patenting

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic World ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Atlantic Seaboard ◽  
The Impact

The classic narrative of technology, invention, and patenting in the Atlantic world before 1850 focused on the industrialization of the Atlantic seaboard in Britain and the United States, with the adoption of mechanized cotton and wool textile production based on water power and then steam power, and on the development of related heavy industries. Other parts of the region appeared mainly as suppliers of raw materials, such as cotton from the American South, or as markets for the products of mechanized manufacture. While still a powerful narrative, most recent scholarship has reassessed or nuanced key elements, moving away from the traditional story of “heroic” inventors and toward more complex stories of supply and demand, including the capacity of economies and societies in the Atlantic world to supply the technical, commercial, and financial skills needed for invention and innovation, and the changing patterns of consumption and retail that created demand. Attention has also focused on innovation in other sectors, including armament production, transportation and public utilities, and the impact that innovation had upon the lives of those involved in it. Equally important has been a wider regional focus that now includes the southern territories of the Americas as important sites for innovation. Both Adam Smith and Karl Marx dismissed these areas of plantation agriculture as inefficient and irrelevant, a dead end compared to the centers of commerce and industry. Recent work has revised this by demonstrating the quasi-industrial processes required to process sugar, cotton, tobacco, indigo, and other tropical commodities; the scope for technological improvement; and the vast profits that enabled planters to invest in this technology. Leading plantation colonies such as Jamaica in the 18th century and Cuba in the early 19th century were among the first adopters of the steam engine outside Europe, where it had an equally transformative social and economic impact.

Classical Architecture in Europe and North America since 1700

Classics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Macaulay-Lewis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Classical Architecture ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
The 19Th Century

Since the Western Roman Empire collapsed, classical, or Greco-Roman, architecture has served as a model to articulate the cultural, artistic, political, and ideological goals of later civilizations, empires, nations, and individuals. The Renaissance marked the first major, widespread re-engagement with classical antiquity in art, literature, and architecture. Debates over classical antiquity and its relation to the modern world continued ever since. One such important debate was that of the quarrel between the Ancients and Moderns, which resulted when Charles Perrault published his Parallèles des anciens et des modernes in 1688. This dispute focused on whether the modern age could surpass antiquity, especially in literature. The Greco-Roman controversy (1750s and 1760s) was another example of Europeans engaging with the classical past; this debate focused on whether Greek or Roman art was of greater historical value; an argument has continued unabated to this day. Figures like Johann Joachim Winckelmann argued (in publications such as Winckelmann 1764, cited under Early Archaeological Publications on Greece and Classical Ruins in the Roman East, on Greek art) for the supremacy of Greek forms, while others like Giovanni Battista Piranesi (whose 1748–1778 views of Rome are reproduced in Ficacci 2011, cited under Early Archaeological Publications on Italy) advocated for Rome’s preeminence. Such debates demonstrate how classical antiquity was an essential part of the intellectual and artistic milieu of 18th-century Europe. This bibliography focuses on the appropriation of classical architecture in the creation of built forms from 1700 to the present in Europe and North America, which is typically called neoclassical or neo-classical, both of which are acceptable. Scholars often define the neoclassical period as lasting from c. 1750 to 1830, when European art and architecture predominantly appropriated classical forms and ideas. The influence of classical architecture continued in popularity throughout the 19th century and early 20th century in the United States. The early 19th century saw the flourishing of the Greek Revival, where Greek forms dominated artistic and architectural production, both in Europe and the United States. The ascendance of Queen Victoria in 1837 marked a shift toward a preference for the Gothic and Medieval forms. Neoclassical forms saw a resurgence in the second half of the 19th century, as Roman architectural forms became increasingly popular as an expression of empire. The term “Neo-classical” was coined as early as January 1872 by Robert Kerr, who used the term positively. It later took on certain negative overtones, when it was used as a derogatory epithet by an unknown writer in the Times of London in 1892. Neoclassical architecture has fared no better with the rise of modernism in the early 20th century onward and since then it has been seen as old-fashioned and derivative. Neoclassical architecture was not a mindless imitation of classical architectural forms and interiors. The interest in classical architecture and the creation of neoclassical architecture was spurred on by important archaeological discoveries in the mid-18th century, which widened the perception of Greek and Roman buildings. The remarkable flexibility of ancient architecture to embody the grandeur of an empire, as well as the principles of a nascent democracy, meant that it had great potential to be interpreted and reinterpreted by countless architects, patrons, empires, and nation states—in different ways and at different times from the 18th to the 20th century. This bibliography is organized thematically (e.g., General Overviews; Companions, Handbooks, and Theoretical Works; Reference Works; Early General Archaeological Publications; The Reception of Pompeii, Herculaneum, and the Bay of Naples; and World’s Fairs and Expositions) and then geographically, creating country- or region-specific bibliographies. While this model of organization has some flaws, it aims to avoid repetition and highlights the interconnected nature and process of the reception of classical architecture in later periods.

scholarly journals Environmental planning and management of waterway construction (historical experience of Russia in the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century)

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 05023
Author(s):  
Milena Zolotareva
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Planning ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Planning And Management ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Environmental Planning And Management

An interdisciplinary analysis of an ecological system of waterway includes several related environmental science fields. Environmental planning and management is an important component in the construction of waterways. The aim of the study was to analyze the legislative framework that forms the vertical of construction management of water communications in Russia. Research in this field allows us to look at current problems through the prism of the historical process, political and socio-economic reforms of society. As a result of the study, the historical experience of the development of water communication in Russia was analyzed. The base of the research was constituted by legislative standards issued in Russia in the period under review. At the same time considering the development of the legislative framework and the actual construction process, it was found that the legislative system had a direct impact on the waterway building practice. This made it possible to determine the extent of the impact of changes in state institutions and their structural components on the overall organization of management and regulation of construction and on the practice of creating a system of waterways in Russia. These studies make it possible to systematize the historical experience of the development of functional, methodological, and organizational forms of regulating the construction of water communications in the period under review.

scholarly journals La rebelión de los Catedráticos de Instituto en Cuba (1868-1878) = The Rebellion of College Professors in Cuba (1868-1878)

2018 ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
José Antonio Cañizares Márquez
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
College Professors ◽  
Independence Movement ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
Public Instruction ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Great War

Tras los fracasados intentos de reforma colonial de la metrópoli española en la isla de Cuba en el siglo XIX, la Guerra de los Diez Años (1868-1878) representó la primera fase de una revolución independentista coordinada, de diferentes grupos organizados, en la que el papel de los catedráticos fue muy relevante. No obstante, existe un vacío en el trabajo historiográfico sobre el protagonismo político de los catedráticos de institutos en el proceso independentista. Resulta de sumo interés el estudio de estos actores para entender la política colonial de instrucción pública en Cuba, ya que durante la Guerra Grande el sesenta y cinco por ciento de los catedráticos fueron declarados insurrectos, acusados de delitos de infidencia, separados de sus cátedras, encarcelados y algunos ejecutados. Los objetivos de esta investigación no sólo pretenden contribuir al estudio del independentismo en Cuba sino que también pueden ayudar a consolidar los estudios de acción colectiva poco frecuentes en la historiografía española.After the unsuccessful attempts of colonial reform from the Spanish metropolis on the island of Cuba in the 19th century, the Ten Years’ War (1868-1878) represented the first phase of a coordinated independence revolution by different organized groups, in which the role of the professors was quite relevant. Nevertheless, there is a gap in the historiographic work about the political importance of these professors in the independence process. Therefore, it is highly relevant to study these actors to understand the colonial policy of public instruction in Cuba, due to the fact that sixty-five percent of the professors were declared insurgents, accused of treason, dispossessed of their positions, imprisoned and many of them were executed during the Great War. As a result, the objectives of this research are not only intended to contribute to the study of the independence movement in Cuba, but also help consolidate collective action studies that are uncommon in Spanish historiography.

Humanitarian Law in armed conflicts: The doctrine and practice of Polish insurgents in the 19th Century

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (192) ◽  
pp. 128-132
Author(s):  
Remigiusz Bierzanek
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
The Political ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
National Liberation ◽  
Polish People ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The 19Th Century

Did Poland, whose territory was divided up between Prussia, Russia and Austria at the end of the 18th century and which did not regain its independence until 1918, contribute in the 19th century to the ideas underlying humanitarian law applicable in armed conflicts?The political conditions under which the Polish people were then living, while they devoted all their energies to the fight for independence, encouraged them to study and consider various aspects of wars of national liberation. Their thinking was marked by much originality, with some special characteristics that are worth recalling.

scholarly journals INTELECTUAIS E CONSTRUÇÃO HISTÓRICA DO DEBATE EDUCACIONAL: a perspectiva do sujeito mulher professora

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Diomar Das Graças Motta
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Female Subject ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Female Teacher ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Woman Teacher ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Educational Debate ◽  
The 19Th Century

Eventos que abordam pesquisas e experiências tem se multiplicado atualmente. Uns poucos têm mostrado os seus atores, dentre estes os intelectuais, presentes na construção do debate educacional. Quando mostrados, a ausência da mulher-professora é sentida. Esta ausência tem conduzido nossos estudos. Na oportunidade, destacamos os elementos que lhe excluem deste contingente, apresentando sua voz, em fontes pouco usuais, na pesquisa histórica. Os estudos de Bourdieu (1993) e Boudon (1993) nos ajudam a dar vez ao sujeito mulher- professora, enquanto intelectual, no debate educacional maranhense a partir do século XIX. Sua incursão neste debate, ainda que muitas das vezes como coadjuvante, decorre de fatores científico, social e político. Fatores possibilitados, graças aos movimentos libertários, que deram ênfase a liberdade, a independência e a igualdade da mulher, ensejando sua participação intelectual na construção historiográfica das questões educacionais. Quer como intelectual por qualificação, ou por atributos que lhe conferem um mínimo de consciência e de identidade.Palavras–Chave: Intelectuais. Mulher - professora. Debate educacional. Construção histórica.INTELLECTUAL AND HISTORICAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE EDUCATIONAL DEBATE: the perspective of the female subject teacherAbstract: Events that address research and experiences have multiplied today. A few have shown their actors, among them the intellectuals, present in the construction of the educational debate. When shown, the absence of the woman-teacher is felt. This absence has led our studies. In the opportunity, we highlight the elements that exclude him from this contingent, presenting his voice, in unusual sources, in historical research. Bourdieu's (1993) and Boudon's (1993) studies help us to give the female-teacher subject, as an intellectual, time in the educational debate in Maranhão from the 19th century. Its incursion in this debate, although often as an adjunct, stems from scientific, social and political factors. Possible factors, thanks to the libertarian movements, which emphasized the freedom, independence and equality of women, allowing their intellectual participation in the historiographic construction of educational issues. Whether as an intellectual by qualification, or by attributes that give him a minimum of consciousness and identity.Keywords: Intellectuals. Woman - Teacher. Educational Debate. Historical Construction.INTELECTUALES Y CONSTRUCCIÓN HISTORICA DEL DEBATE EDUCATIVO: la perpectiva del sujeto mujer profesora Resumen: Eventos que la investigación y experiencia de dirección ahora se ha multiplicado. Unos pocos han mostrado sus actores, entre ellos intelectuales, presentes en la construcción del debate educativo. Cuando se muestra, la ausencia de mujeres y maestros se sentía. Esta ausencia ha llevado a nuestros estudios. En esa ocasión, se destacan los elementos que ha excluido de este contingente, con su voz, en las fuentes inusuales, en la investigación histórica. Los estudios de Bourdieu (1993) y Boudon (1993) nos ayudará a dar tiempo a la maestra mujer-objeto, como intelectual, en Maranhão debate educativo a partir del siglo XIX. Su incursión en este debate, aunque a menudo como un complemento, el resultado de factores científicos, sociales y políticos. factores posibles gracias a los movimientos de liberación, que enfatizaban la libertad, la independencia y la igualdad de las mujeres, lo que permite su participación intelectual en la construcción historiográfica de los problemas educativos. Ya sea como intelectual por la cualificación, o los atributos que le dan un mínimo de conciencia y de identidad.Palabras clave: Los intelectuales. Mujeres - maestros. Debate educativo. Construcción histórica. 

scholarly journals About Pan-Scandinavianism. Reference points in the 19th century (1815-1864)

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mircea-Cristian Ghenghea
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Good Chance ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Union ◽  
International Context ◽  
The People ◽  
The 19Th Century

At the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th a sense of solidarity shared by the people of the Northern Europe appeared: Pan-Scandinavianism. First it had a certain impact at cultural and spiritual levels. In a narrower sense the term was used when referring to the possibility of creating a political union between the Nordic kingdoms during the middle decades of the 19th century. Although it seemed that the political side of Pan-Scandianvianism had a good chance of accomplishing itself, especially after the Three Years War (1848-1851), the international context from the period that followed did not favour that plan. The collapse of the political Pan-Scandinavianism was in 1864 – the Second Schleswig-Holstein War. Sweden-Norway failed in helping Denmark against Prussia and Austria, despite the fact that King Karl XV was an advocate of Pan-Scandinavianism. Leaving this aspect aside, there were other internal difficulties of the Nordic states that Pan-Scandinavianism had to face, including the emerging nationalism. On a broader view, Pan-Scandinavianism appeared as an opponent of Panslavism and Pangermanism. Thus the dream of a unified Scandinavia was abandoned in the 19th century and Pan-Scandinavianism focused on cultural, scientific and economic cooperation.

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