Errata ao artigo “Estimativa do Excesso de Mortalidade Durante a Pandemia COVID-19: Dados Preliminares Portugueses”, publicado em Acta Med Port 2020 Jun;33(6):376-383

Article published with errors: https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/13928On page 376, in Abstract, paragraph Results, where it reads: ”Despite the inherent uncertainty, it is safe to assume an observed excess mortality of 2400 to 4000 deaths. Excess mortality was associated with older age groups (over age 65).”It should read: “An excess mortality of 2400 to 4000 deaths was observed. Excess mortality was associated with older age groups (over age 65).”On page 376, in Abstract, paragraph Conclusion, where it reads: ”The excess mortality occurred between March 1 and April 22 was 3 to 5 fold higher than what can be explained by the official COVID-19 deaths.”It should read: “Despite the inherent uncertainty, the excess mortality occurred between March 1 and April 22 could be 3.5- to 5-fold higher than what can be explained by the official COVID-19 deaths.”On page 376, in Resumo, paragraph Conclusão, where it reads: “Da análise dos resultados é possível concluir que o excesso de mortalidade ocorrido entre 1 de março e 22 de abril foi 3 a 5 vezes superior ao explicado pelas mortes por COVID-19 reportadas oficialmente.”It should read: “Apesar da incerteza inerente, da análise dos resultados é possível concluir que o excesso de mortalidade ocorrido entre 1 de março e 22 de abril poderá ter sido 3,5 a 5 vezes superior ao explicado pelas mortes por COVID-19 reportadas oficialmente.”On page 377, last line of the first paragraph, where it reads: “If the lockdown had some protective effect on overall mortality, like summer holiday months seem to have, these effects may be observed some, if not all, age groups.”It should read: “If the lockdown had some protective effect on overall mortality, like summer holiday months seem to have, these effects may be observed in all age groups.”On page 377, section Results, third paragraph, last sentence where it reads: “Mortality in the younger age groups was, on average, below the proposed baselines, as hypothesized.”It should read: “Mortality in the younger age groups was, on average, lower than the proposed baselines as theorized.”On page 382, section Conclusion, last sentence, where it reads: “Overall, these results point towards an excess mortality that is associated with and that is 3 to 5-fold higher than the official COVID-19 mortality.” It should read: “Overall, these results point towards an excess mortality that is associated with and that could be 3.5- to 5-fold higher than the official COVID-19 mortality.” Artigo publicado com erros: https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/13928Na página 376, no Abstract, parágrafo Results, onde se lê: “Despite the inherent uncertainty, it is safe to assume an observed excess mortality of 2400 to 4000 deaths. Excess mortality was associated with older age groups (over age 65).”Deverá ler-se: “An excess mortality of 2400 to 4000 deaths was observed. Excess mortality was associated with older age groups (over age 65).”Na página 376, no Abstract, parágrafo Conclusion, onde se lê: “The excess mortality occurred between March 1 and April 22 was 3 to 5 fold higher than what can be explained by the official COVID-19 deaths."Deverá ler-se: “Despite the inherent uncertainty, the excess mortality occurred between March 1 and April 22 could be 3.5- to 5-fold higher than what can be explained by the official COVID-19 deaths.”Na página 376, no Resumo, parágrafo Conclusão, onde se lê: “Da análise dos resultados é possível concluir que o excesso de mortalidade ocorrido entre 1 de março e 22 de abril foi 3 a 5 vezes superior ao explicado pelas mortes por COVID-19 reportadas oficialmente.”Deverá ler-se: “Apesar da incerteza inerente, da análise dos resultados é possível concluir que o excesso de mortalidade ocorrido entre 1 de março e 22 de abril poderá ter sido 3,5 a 5 vezes superior ao explicado pelas mortes por COVID-19 reportadas oficialmente.”Na página 377, na última linha do primeiro parágrafo, onde se lê: “If the lockdown had some protective effect on overall mortality, like summer holiday months seem to have, these effects may be observed some, if not all, age groups.”Deverá ler-se: “If the lockdown had some protective effect onoverall mortality, like summer holiday months seem to have, these effects may be observed in all age groups.”Na página 377, secção Resultados, terceiro parágrafo última frase, onde se lê: “Mortality in the younger age groups was, on average, below the proposed baselines, as hypothesized.”Deverá ler-se: “Mortality in the younger age groups was, on average, lower than the proposed baselines as theorized.”Na página 382, secção Conclusion, última frase, onde se lê: “Overall, these results point towards an excess mortality that is associated with and that is 3 to 5-fold higher than the official COVID-19 mortality.”Deverá ler-se: “Overall, these results point towards an excess mortality that is associated with and that could be 3.5- to 5-fold higher than the official COVID-19 mortality.”

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Aging Reduces EEG Markers of Recognition Despite Intact Performance: Implications for Forensic Memory Detection

10.1101/2020.10.20.339523 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Robin Hellerstedt ◽

Arianna Moccia ◽

Chloe M. Brunskill ◽

Howard Bowman ◽

Zara M. Bergström

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Temporal Variability ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Age Groups ◽

Older Age ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Younger Age ◽

Behavioural Performance ◽

Older Populations

AbstractERP-based forensic memory detection is based on the logic that guilty suspects will hold incriminating knowledge about crimes they have committed, and therefore should show parietal ERP positivities related to recognition when presented with reminders of their crimes. We predicted that such forensic memory detection might however be inaccurate in older adults, because of changes to recognition-related brain activity that occurs with aging. We measured both ERPs and EEG oscillations associated with episodic old/new recognition and forensic memory detection in 30 younger (age < 30) and 30 older (age > 65) adults. EEG oscillations were included as a complementary measure which is less sensitive to temporal variability and component overlap than ERPs. In line with predictions, recognition-related parietal ERP positivities were significantly reduced in the older compared to younger group in both tasks, despite highly similar behavioural performance. We also observed ageing-related reductions in oscillatory markers of recognition in the forensic memory detection test, while the oscillatory effects associated with episodic recognition were similar across age groups. This pattern of results suggests that while both forensic memory detection and episodic recognition are accompanied by ageing-induced reductions in parietal ERP positivities, these reductions may be caused by non-overlapping mechanisms across the two tasks. Our findings suggest that EEG-based forensic memory detection tests are invalid in older populations, limiting their practical applications.

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Comparison of anthropometric data quality in children aged 6-23 and 24-59 months: lessons from population-representative surveys from humanitarian settings

BMC Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s40795-020-00385-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Oleg Bilukha ◽

Alexia Couture ◽

Kelly McCain ◽

Eva Leidman

Keyword(s):

Data Quality ◽

Age Groups ◽

Older Age ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

Age Group ◽

Anthropometric Data ◽

Digit Preference ◽

Anthropometric Indicators ◽

Younger Age

Abstract Background Ensuring the quality of anthropometry data is paramount for getting accurate estimates of malnutrition prevalence among children aged 6–59 months in humanitarian and refugee settings. Previous reports based on data from Demographic and Health Surveys suggested systematic differences in anthropometric data quality between the younger and older groups of preschool children. Methods We analyzed 712 anthropometric population-representative field surveys from humanitarian and refugee settings conducted during 2011–2018. We examined and compared the quality of five anthropometric indicators in children aged 6–23 months and children aged 24–59 months: weight for height, weight for age, height for age, body mass index for age and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) for age. Using the z-score distribution of each indicator, we calculated the following parameters: standard deviation (SD), percentage of outliers, and measures of distribution normality. We also examined and compared the quality of height, weight, MUAC and age measurements using missing data and rounding criteria. Results Both SD and percentage of flags were significantly smaller on average in older than in younger age group for all five anthropometric indicators. Differences in SD between age groups did not change meaningfully depending on overall survey quality or on the quality of age ascertainment. Over 50% of surveys overall did not deviate significantly from normality. The percentage of non-normal surveys was higher in older than in the younger age groups. Digit preference score for weight, height and MUAC was slightly higher in younger age group, and for age slightly higher in the older age group. Children with reported exact date of birth (DOB) had much lower digit preference for age than those without exact DOB. SD, percentage flags and digit preference scores were positively correlated between the two age groups at the survey level, such as those surveys showing higher anthropometry data quality in younger age group also tended to show higher quality in older age group. Conclusions There should be an emphasis on increased rigor of training survey measurers in taking anthropometric measurements in the youngest children. Standardization test, a mandatory component of the pre-survey measurer training and evaluation, of 10 children should include at least 4–5 children below 2 years of age.

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Excess Mortality Estimation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Preliminary Data from Portugal

Acta Médica Portuguesa ◽

10.20344/amp.13928 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 376 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Paulo Jorge Nogueira ◽

Miguel De Araújo Nobre ◽

Paulo Jorge Nicola ◽

Cristina Furtado ◽

António Vaz Carneiro

Keyword(s):

Preliminary Data ◽

Excess Mortality ◽

Age Groups ◽

Access To Healthcare ◽

Older Age ◽

Mortality Estimation ◽

Public Data

Introduction: Portugal is experiencing the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic since March 2020. All-causes mortality in Portugal increased during March and April 2020 compared to previous years, but this increase is not explained by COVID-19 reported deaths. The aim of this study was to analyze and consider other criteria for estimating excessive all-causes mortality during the early COVID-19pandemic period.Material and Methods: Public data was used to estimate excess mortality by age and region between March 1 and April 22, proposing baselines adjusted for the lockdown period.Results: Despite the inherent uncertainty, it is safe to assume an observed excess mortality of 2400 to 4000 deaths. Excess mortality was associated with older age groups (over age 65).Discussion: The data suggests a ternary explanation for early excess mortality: COVID-19, non-identified COVID-19 and decrease in access to healthcare. The estimates have implications in terms of communication of non-pharmaceutical actions, for research, and to healthcare professionals.Conclusion: The excess mortality occurred between March 1 and April 22 was 3.5- to 5-fold higher than what can be explained by the official COVID-19 deaths.

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Excess Mortality Associated With COVID-19 by Demographic Group: Evidence From Florida and Ohio

Public Health Reports ◽

10.1177/00333549211041550 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 003335492110415

Author(s):

Troy Quast ◽

Ross Andel

Keyword(s):

Excess Mortality ◽

Prediction Interval ◽

National Level ◽

Age Groups ◽

Black Population ◽

Infection Rates ◽

Black Adults ◽

Demographic Groups ◽

Younger Age ◽

Excess Deaths

Objective COVID-19 mortality varies across demographic groups at the national level, but little is known about potential differences in COVID-19 mortality across states. The objective of this study was to estimate the number of all-cause excess deaths associated with COVID-19 in Florida and Ohio overall and by sex, age, and race. Methods We calculated the number of weekly and cumulative excess deaths among adults aged ≥20 from March 15 through December 5, 2020, in Florida and Ohio as the observed number of deaths less the expected number of deaths, adjusted for population, secular trends, and seasonality. We based our estimates on death certificate data from the previous 10 years. Results The results were based on ratios of observed-to-expected deaths. The ratios were 1.17 (95% prediction interval, 1.14-1.21) in Florida and 1.15 (95% prediction interval, 1.11-1.19) in Ohio. Although the largest number of excess deaths occurred in the oldest age groups, in both states the ratios of observed-to-expected deaths were highest among adults aged 20-49 (1.21; 95% prediction interval, 1.11-1.32). The ratio of observed-to-expected deaths for the Black population was especially elevated in Florida. Conclusions Although excess deaths were largely concentrated among older cohorts, the high ratios of observed-to-expected deaths among younger age groups indicate widespread effects of COVID-19. The high levels of observed-to-expected deaths among Black adults may reflect in part disparities in infection rates, preexisting conditions, and access to care. The finding of high excess deaths among Black adults deserves further attention.

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Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus in uterine cervical lesions among older Japanese women.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.5084 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 5084-5084

Author(s):

Kazuhiro Takehara ◽

Hiroko Nakamura ◽

Osamu Samura ◽

Tomoya Mizunoe ◽

Akihisa Saito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Age Groups ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Japanese Women ◽

Older Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Hpv 16 ◽

Younger Age ◽

Hpv Genotypes ◽

High Risk Hpv

5084 Background: To estimate the prevalence and genotypes of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) among older Japanese women, using liquid-based cytology (LBC). Methods: ThinPrep LBC specimens were collected from 11,039 Japanese women (age range, 14-98 years). After classifying cytodiagnosis, specimens were analyzed for HPV DNA using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction method. Cervical smear specimens from 1,302 women showed positive results. To examine the prevalence of HPV in women defined as negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM), 2,563 samples were randomly selected from the remaining 9,737 women. Comparisons were made between women ≥50 years of age (older age group) and women <50 years of age (younger age group). Written informed consent was obtained from all patients. In this study, the high-risk HPV genotypes encountered were 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 52, and 58. Results: In the older age group with abnormal smear findings, HPV genotypes were detected in 49.7% (148/298), including high-risk HPV genotypes in 40.9% (122/298). In the younger age group with abnormal smear findings, HPV genotypes were detected in 71.7% (720/1004), including high-risk HPV genotypes in 58.1% (583/1,004). In NILM, HPV-positive rates were 4.5% (39/873) in the older age group and 11.8% (199/1,690) in the younger age group. In high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or more severe cytological findings, HPV genotypes of each group (older age group/younger age group) were detected in 61.7%/83.1%, and high-risk HPV genotypes were detected in 56.4%/74.7% of women. In positive cervical smears, HPV 16 was the most frequently detected (28.5%) in the younger age group, while HPV 52 (31.3%) and 58 (27.2%) were detected more frequently than HPV 16 (18.4%) in the older age group. Conclusions: In Japan, although HPV infection as a cause of abnormal cervical cytology is more frequent among younger age groups than in older age groups, high-risk HPV infection was more highly associated with older individuals (older age group/younger age group: abnormal smear findings, 82.4%/81.0%; HSIL or more severe cytological findings, 91.3%/89.9%). In older age groups, HPV 52 and 58 were more frequent than HPV 16.

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The Effect of Serum Sodium on Survival in Patients Treated by Peritoneal Dialysis in the United Kingdom

Peritoneal Dialysis International ◽

10.3747/pdi.2015.00305 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 70-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Asmaa Al-Chidadi ◽

Dorothea Nitsch ◽

Andrew Davenport

Keyword(s):

Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Serum Sodium ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Strong Association ◽

Age Groups ◽

Older Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Younger Age ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Uk

Background Studies in hemodialysis patients suggest that hyponatremia is associated with increased mortality. However, results from peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are discordant. We wished to establish whether there was an association between serum sodium and mortality risk in PD patients. Methods We analyzed 3,108 PD patients enrolled at day 90 of renal replacement therapy (RRT) into the UK Renal Registry (UKRR) data base with available serum sodium measurements (in 3 groups: ≤ 137, 138 - 140, ≥ 141 mmol/L) who were then followed up until death or the censoring date (31 December 2012). Analysis used Cox-regression with adjustment for age, sex, year of starting RRT, primary renal disease, serum albumin, smoking, and comorbidities. Results Unadjusted mortality rates were 118.6/1,000 person-years (py), 83.4/1,000 py, and 83.5/1,000 py for the lowest, middle, and highest serum sodium tertiles, respectively. After adjustment for covariates, patients in the lowest serum sodium group had almost 50% increased risk of dying compared with those with the highest serum sodium (hazard ratio [HR] 1.49, confidence interval [CI]:1.28 - 1.74), with a graded association between serum sodium and mortality. The association of serum sodium with mortality varied by age (p interaction < 0.001), and whilst this association attenuated after adjustment for confounding variables in the older age groups (55 - 64, and > 65 years), it remained in the younger age group of 18 - 54 years (HR 2.24 [1.36 – 3.70] in the lowest compared with the highest sodium tertile). Conclusions Lower serum sodium concentrations at the start of RRT in PD patients are associated with increased risk of mortality. Whilst this association may well be due to confounding in the older age groups, the persistent strong association between hyponatremia and mortality in the younger age group after adjustment for the available confounders suggests that prospective studies are required to assess whether active intervention to maintain serum sodium changes outcomes.

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Ontogeny of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release in rabbit ventricular myocytes

AJP Cell Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpcell.00417.2007 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 294 (2) ◽

pp. C516-C525 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Jingbo Huang ◽

Leif Hove-Madsen ◽

Glen F. Tibbits

Keyword(s):

Developmental Stages ◽

Ventricular Myocytes ◽

Age Groups ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Dominant Mode ◽

Older Age ◽

Lower Efficiency ◽

Younger Age ◽

Rabbit Ventricular Myocytes ◽

Subsequent Addition

It is commonly accepted that L-type Ca2+ channel-mediated Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) is the dominant mode of excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling in the adult mammalian heart and that there is no appreciable CICR in neonates. However, we have observed that cell contraction in the neonatal heart was significantly decreased after sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ depletion with caffeine. Therefore, the present study investigated the developmental changes of CICR in rabbit ventricular myocytes at 3, 10, 20, and 56 days of age. We found that the inhibitory effect of the L-type Ca2+ current ( ICa) inhibitor nifedipine (Nif; 15 μM) caused an increasingly larger reduction of Ca2+ transients on depolarization in older age groups [from ∼15% in 3-day-old (3d) myocytes to ∼90% in 56-day-old (56d) myocytes]. The remaining Ca2+ transient in the presence of Nif in younger age groups was eliminated by the inhibition of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) with the subsequent addition of 10 μM KB-R7943 (KB-R). Furthermore, Ca2+ transients were significantly reduced in magnitude after the depletion of SR Ca2+ with caffeine in all age groups, although the effect was significantly greater in the older age groups (from ∼40% in 3d myocytes up to ∼70% in 56d myocytes). This SR Ca2+-sensitive Ca2+ transient in the earliest developmental stage was insensitive to Nif but was sensitive to the subsequent addition of KB-R, indicating the presence of NCX-mediated CICR that decreased significantly with age (from ∼37% in 3d myocytes to ∼0.5% in 56d myocytes). In contrast, the ICa-mediated CICR increased significantly with age (from ∼10% in 3d myocytes to ∼70% in 56d myocytes). The CICR gain as estimated by the integral of the CICR Ca2+ transient divided by the integral of its Ca2+ transient trigger was smaller when mediated by NCX (∼1.0 for 3d myocytes) than when mediated by ICa (∼3.0 for 56d myocytes). We conclude that the lower-efficiency NCX-mediated CICR is a predominant mode of CICR in the earliest developmental stages that gradually decreases as the more efficient L-type Ca2+ channel-mediated CICR increases in prominence with ontogeny.

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Alcohol Hangover Across the Lifespan: Impact Of Sex and Age

Alcohol and Alcoholism ◽

10.1093/alcalc/agab027 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Joris C Verster ◽

Noortje R Severeijns ◽

Annabel S M Sips ◽

Hama M Saeed ◽

Sarah Benson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Online Survey ◽

Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽

Age Groups ◽

Alcohol Concentration ◽

Older Age ◽

Self Report ◽

Younger Age ◽

Partial Correlations ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Aim To investigate the relationship between age and hangover frequency and severity. Method An online survey, generated through Facebook, collected self-report data relating to alcohol consumption from 761 Dutch alcohol consumers aged 18–94 years (61.6% female). Results Overall, young individuals consumed more alcohol than older drinkers, and men more than women. Significant interactions between age group and sex were found for both subjective intoxication and hangover severity, indicating that the sex differences in these variables were greatest in the younger age groups but became significantly smaller or absent in the older age groups. Partial correlations, correcting for estimated blood alcohol concentration (eBAC), revealed significant and negative partial correlations between age and subjective intoxication (r = −0.444, P < 0.0001), age and hangover severity (r = −0.327, P < 0.0001) and between age and hangover frequency (r = −0.195, P < 0.0001), i.e. subjective intoxication, hangover severity and hangover frequency decline with age. With regard to sex differences, the observed correlations with age for the past month heaviest drinking occasion were stronger in men for subjective intoxication, (z = −2.25, P = 0.024), hangover severity (z = −3.36, P = 0.0008) and hangover frequency (z = −3.63, P = 0.0003). Conclusions Hangover severity declines with age, even after controlling for eBAC or the amount of alcohol consumed. Sex differences were greatest in the younger age groups but became significantly smaller or absent in the older age groups. The relationship between age and hangover severity is strongly mediated by subjective intoxication. Pain sensitivity, lower with aging, might be a mediator.

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Future Needs for Dental Restorative Materials

Advances in Dental Research ◽

10.1177/08959374920060011501 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 4-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

C.W. Douglass

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Age Groups ◽

The United States ◽

Older Age ◽

Upward Trend ◽

Age Cohorts ◽

United States Population ◽

Younger Age ◽

Dental Restorative ◽

Tooth Retention

While the population of the United States increases from 250 to 310 million people, the number in older age groups will increase dramatically from 28 million to about 64 million. Tooth retention has improved remarkably in the 65-74 age groups, from 7.4 in 1962 to 17.9 in 1986. While younger age groups will require less treatment due to decline in dental caries, older age groups appear to require more treatment than did similar age cohorts in previous generations. Hence, the need for restorative procedures by the United States population will be on an upward trend for the next decade or two.

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Concentrations of ionic, total, and bound fluoride in plasma.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/25.4.523 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 523-525 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

L Singer ◽

R H Ophaug

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Fluoride Concentration ◽

Older Age ◽

Male And Female ◽

Ionic Fluoride ◽

Younger Age ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Female Subjects

Abstract We found no significant difference between the means for ionic, bound, and total fluoride concentrations in the plasma of male and female subjects of the same age, living in a community with fluoridated water. When results for the 264 fasting subjects were therefore combined according to age, they indicated that persons over 60 years of age have a significantly higher mean ionic (3.89 mumol/L) and total (6.58 mumol/L) fluoride concentration in plasma than do younger age groups. For younger age groups, means ranged from 2.74 to 3.05 mumol/L for ionic fluoride and from 4.74 to 5.58 mumol/L for total. The bound fluoride concentration was lower in individuals 21 to 30 years of age (1.89 mumol/L) than in older age groups (for whom means ranged from 2.42 to 2.68 mumol/L), but was not significantly different from that of individuals who were younger (2.21 mumol/L). A tendency for the mean ionic fluoride concentration to increase with age was noted, but the concentration was significantly higher than the preceding decade group only in those persons over 60 years of age.

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