Comparison of anthropometric data quality in children aged 6-23 and 24-59 months: lessons from population-representative surveys from humanitarian settings

Abstract Background Ensuring the quality of anthropometry data is paramount for getting accurate estimates of malnutrition prevalence among children aged 6–59 months in humanitarian and refugee settings. Previous reports based on data from Demographic and Health Surveys suggested systematic differences in anthropometric data quality between the younger and older groups of preschool children. Methods We analyzed 712 anthropometric population-representative field surveys from humanitarian and refugee settings conducted during 2011–2018. We examined and compared the quality of five anthropometric indicators in children aged 6–23 months and children aged 24–59 months: weight for height, weight for age, height for age, body mass index for age and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) for age. Using the z-score distribution of each indicator, we calculated the following parameters: standard deviation (SD), percentage of outliers, and measures of distribution normality. We also examined and compared the quality of height, weight, MUAC and age measurements using missing data and rounding criteria. Results Both SD and percentage of flags were significantly smaller on average in older than in younger age group for all five anthropometric indicators. Differences in SD between age groups did not change meaningfully depending on overall survey quality or on the quality of age ascertainment. Over 50% of surveys overall did not deviate significantly from normality. The percentage of non-normal surveys was higher in older than in the younger age groups. Digit preference score for weight, height and MUAC was slightly higher in younger age group, and for age slightly higher in the older age group. Children with reported exact date of birth (DOB) had much lower digit preference for age than those without exact DOB. SD, percentage flags and digit preference scores were positively correlated between the two age groups at the survey level, such as those surveys showing higher anthropometry data quality in younger age group also tended to show higher quality in older age group. Conclusions There should be an emphasis on increased rigor of training survey measurers in taking anthropometric measurements in the youngest children. Standardization test, a mandatory component of the pre-survey measurer training and evaluation, of 10 children should include at least 4–5 children below 2 years of age.

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Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus in uterine cervical lesions among older Japanese women.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.5084 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 5084-5084

Author(s):

Kazuhiro Takehara ◽

Hiroko Nakamura ◽

Osamu Samura ◽

Tomoya Mizunoe ◽

Akihisa Saito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Age Groups ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Japanese Women ◽

Older Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Hpv 16 ◽

Younger Age ◽

Hpv Genotypes ◽

High Risk Hpv

5084 Background: To estimate the prevalence and genotypes of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) among older Japanese women, using liquid-based cytology (LBC). Methods: ThinPrep LBC specimens were collected from 11,039 Japanese women (age range, 14-98 years). After classifying cytodiagnosis, specimens were analyzed for HPV DNA using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction method. Cervical smear specimens from 1,302 women showed positive results. To examine the prevalence of HPV in women defined as negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM), 2,563 samples were randomly selected from the remaining 9,737 women. Comparisons were made between women ≥50 years of age (older age group) and women <50 years of age (younger age group). Written informed consent was obtained from all patients. In this study, the high-risk HPV genotypes encountered were 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 52, and 58. Results: In the older age group with abnormal smear findings, HPV genotypes were detected in 49.7% (148/298), including high-risk HPV genotypes in 40.9% (122/298). In the younger age group with abnormal smear findings, HPV genotypes were detected in 71.7% (720/1004), including high-risk HPV genotypes in 58.1% (583/1,004). In NILM, HPV-positive rates were 4.5% (39/873) in the older age group and 11.8% (199/1,690) in the younger age group. In high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or more severe cytological findings, HPV genotypes of each group (older age group/younger age group) were detected in 61.7%/83.1%, and high-risk HPV genotypes were detected in 56.4%/74.7% of women. In positive cervical smears, HPV 16 was the most frequently detected (28.5%) in the younger age group, while HPV 52 (31.3%) and 58 (27.2%) were detected more frequently than HPV 16 (18.4%) in the older age group. Conclusions: In Japan, although HPV infection as a cause of abnormal cervical cytology is more frequent among younger age groups than in older age groups, high-risk HPV infection was more highly associated with older individuals (older age group/younger age group: abnormal smear findings, 82.4%/81.0%; HSIL or more severe cytological findings, 91.3%/89.9%). In older age groups, HPV 52 and 58 were more frequent than HPV 16.

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The Effect of Serum Sodium on Survival in Patients Treated by Peritoneal Dialysis in the United Kingdom

Peritoneal Dialysis International ◽

10.3747/pdi.2015.00305 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 70-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Asmaa Al-Chidadi ◽

Dorothea Nitsch ◽

Andrew Davenport

Keyword(s):

Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Serum Sodium ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Strong Association ◽

Age Groups ◽

Older Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Younger Age ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Uk

Background Studies in hemodialysis patients suggest that hyponatremia is associated with increased mortality. However, results from peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are discordant. We wished to establish whether there was an association between serum sodium and mortality risk in PD patients. Methods We analyzed 3,108 PD patients enrolled at day 90 of renal replacement therapy (RRT) into the UK Renal Registry (UKRR) data base with available serum sodium measurements (in 3 groups: ≤ 137, 138 - 140, ≥ 141 mmol/L) who were then followed up until death or the censoring date (31 December 2012). Analysis used Cox-regression with adjustment for age, sex, year of starting RRT, primary renal disease, serum albumin, smoking, and comorbidities. Results Unadjusted mortality rates were 118.6/1,000 person-years (py), 83.4/1,000 py, and 83.5/1,000 py for the lowest, middle, and highest serum sodium tertiles, respectively. After adjustment for covariates, patients in the lowest serum sodium group had almost 50% increased risk of dying compared with those with the highest serum sodium (hazard ratio [HR] 1.49, confidence interval [CI]:1.28 - 1.74), with a graded association between serum sodium and mortality. The association of serum sodium with mortality varied by age (p interaction < 0.001), and whilst this association attenuated after adjustment for confounding variables in the older age groups (55 - 64, and > 65 years), it remained in the younger age group of 18 - 54 years (HR 2.24 [1.36 – 3.70] in the lowest compared with the highest sodium tertile). Conclusions Lower serum sodium concentrations at the start of RRT in PD patients are associated with increased risk of mortality. Whilst this association may well be due to confounding in the older age groups, the persistent strong association between hyponatremia and mortality in the younger age group after adjustment for the available confounders suggests that prospective studies are required to assess whether active intervention to maintain serum sodium changes outcomes.

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The Swedish RAND-36: psychometric characteristics and reference data from the Mid-Swed Health Survey

Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes ◽

10.1186/s41687-021-00331-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Emma Ohlsson-Nevo ◽

Ayako Hiyoshi ◽

Paulina Norén ◽

Margareta Möller ◽

Jan Karlsson

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Mental Health ◽

General Population ◽

Physical Health ◽

Data Quality ◽

Reference Data ◽

Age Groups ◽

Older Age ◽

Role Functioning

Abstract Background This study aims to evaluate data quality, scaling properties, and reliability of the Swedish RAND-36 in a general population sample and to present reference data for the Swedish population. Methods Testing of data quality, scaling assumptions and reliability followed methods recommended for the International Quality of Life Assessment Project, previously used for psychometric testing of SF-36 and RAND-36. Data were collected via regular mail for a random stratified sample of the general population in a Swedish county. Weighted means for RAND-36 scores were used and differences by sex, age, education, and occupational groups were tested. Results The response rate was 42%, and the sample comprised 3432 persons (45% men, 55% women) with a median age of 56.9 years. The internal consistency reliability was satisfactory, with Cronbach’s alphas > 0.80 for all eight scales. The percentage of missing items was low, ranging between 1.3% and 3.2%. No floor effects (≥15%) were noted, while ceiling effects were observed for physical functioning, role-functioning/physical, pain, role-functioning/emotional, and social functioning. Item–scale correlations were satisfactory (r ≥ 0.40). Correlations among the physical health scales were strong (range 0.58–0.68) as were the correlations among the mental health scales (range 0.58–0.73). Men reported significantly better health-related quality of life (HRQoL) on all scales, although the gender differences were small. Comparisons among age groups showed approximately equal scores among those 20–29, 30–39, and 40–49 years, while significant decreases in physical health were observed in the older age groups. Substantially worse physical health scores were observed in the oldest age group (80+). Significant differences among age groups were noted also for the mental health scales; however, better energy/fatigue and emotional well-being scores were seen in the older age groups, except for the oldest (80+). Those with university education reported significantly better scores on all scales compared to those with mandatory education. Conclusions The study suggests that the Swedish version of RAND-36 is an acceptable and reliable instrument for measuring HRQoL in the general population. The study provides reference data that can be used for norm-based comparisons.

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Changes in Hysterectomy Route and Adnexal Removal for Benign Disease in Australia 2001–2015: A National Population-Based Study

Minimally Invasive Surgery ◽

10.1155/2018/5828071 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Natalie De Cure ◽

Stephen J. Robson

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Laparoscopic Hysterectomy ◽

Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽

Population Based ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Older Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Female Population ◽

Younger Women ◽

Younger Age

Objective. Hysterectomy rates have fallen over recent years and there remains debate whether salpingectomy should be performed to reduce the lifetime risk of ovarian cancer. We examined trends in adnexal removal and route of hysterectomy in Australia between 2001 and 2015. Methods. Data were obtained from the national procedural dataset for hysterectomy approach (vaginal, VH; abdominal, AH; and, laparoscopic, LH) and rates of adnexal removal, as well as endometrial ablation. The total female population in two age groups (“younger age group,” 35 to 54 years, and “older age group,” 55 to 74 years) was obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Results. The rate of hysterectomy fell in both younger (61.7 versus 45.2/10000/year, p<0.005) and older (38.8 versus 33.2/10000/year, p<0.005) age groups. In both age groups there were significant decreases in the incidence rates for VH (by 53% in the younger age group and 29% in the older age group) and AH (by 53% and 55%, respectively). The rates of LH increased by 153% in the younger age group and 307% in the older age group. Overall, the proportion of hysterectomies involving adnexal removal increased (31% versus 65% in the younger age group, p<0.005; 44% versus 58% in the older age group, p<0.005). The increase occurred almost entirely after 2011. Conclusion. Hysterectomy is becoming less common, and both vaginal and abdominal hysterectomy are being replaced by laparoscopic hysterectomy. Removal of the adnexae is now more common in younger women.

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Migraine in The Elderly: A Review

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1111/j.1468-2982.2006.01250.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 97-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

J Haan ◽

J Hollander ◽

MD Ferrari

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

The Elderly ◽

Older Age ◽

Medical Attention ◽

Clinical Aspects ◽

Age Group ◽

Absolute Increase ◽

Treatment Choices ◽

Younger Age ◽

The Absolute

Although migraine is less prevalent in older than in younger age groups, the absolute increase in the number of subjects in older age groups may lead to an increase in the total number of migraine patients. Consequently, more elderly migraine patients may seek medical attention. In this review, the epidemiology and clinical aspects of migraine in the age group of ≥60 years are summarized, with special attention to comorbidity. The review will focus on treatment choices in elderly migraine patients. These must be based on knowledge of mechanisms of physiological and pathological ageing.

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Risk Factors of Childhood Anemia Explained: Evidence From the 2016 National Survey

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa053_014 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 809-809

Author(s):

Tafere Belay ◽

Micaela Wakefield ◽

Kelly Pritchett ◽

Susan Hawk ◽

Nigatu Regassa

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Age Groups ◽

Water Source ◽

Older Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Funding Sources ◽

Piped Water ◽

Younger Age ◽

Childhood Anemia ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to examine the key risk factors related to anemia among children aged 6–24 months (younger age group) and 25–59 months (older age group). Methods We used the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data, collected from 11,023 mothers with under five children. Ordered logistic regression modeling was used for assessing risk factors of childhood anemia. Results The results suggest that the prevalence of anemia is 72% in the younger and 49% in the older age groups. The risk factors for anemia in the younger age group are morbidity (OR = 0.5; CI: 0.32–0.82), having no piped water source (OR = 1.76; CI: 1.07, 3.01) and no toilet facility (OR = 1.60; CI: 1.07, 2.38). The key risk factors for anemia in the older age group were no micronutrient intake (OR = 1.69; CI: 1.23, 2.31), having a young mother (OR = 1.35; CI: 0.84, 1.91) and a non- working mother (OR = 1.50; CI: 1.15, 1.96). Moreover, no deworming, small birth weight and residing in a large household size were key risk factors in both age groups. Conclusions Strengthening both nutrition sensitive and nutrition specific interventions may help curb the consistently higher prevalence of anemia. Intervention strategies should consider the unique characteristics of regions and rural residences where the prevalence of anemia is above the national average. Funding Sources N/A.

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Disparities in the prevalence and risk factors of anaemia among children aged 6–24 months and 25–59 months in Ethiopia

Journal of Nutritional Science ◽

10.1017/jns.2020.29 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Tafere Gebreegziabher ◽

Nigatu Regassa ◽

Micaela Wakefield ◽

Kelly Pritchett ◽

Susan Hawk

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Age Groups ◽

Water Source ◽

Older Age ◽

Health Concern ◽

Age Group ◽

African Countries ◽

Piped Water ◽

Younger Age ◽

Sub Saharan

Abstract Despite global efforts made to address anaemia, the prevalence remains high in most Sub-Saharan African countries. In Ethiopia, anaemia poses a very strong public health concern. The purpose of the present study was to examine the key risk factors related to anaemia among children aged 6–24 months (younger age group) and 25–59 months (older age group). We used the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data, collected from 11 023 mothers with under five children. Ordered logistic regression modelling was used for assessing risk factors of childhood anaemia. The results suggest that the prevalence of anaemia was 72 % in the younger and 49 % in the older age groups. The risk factors for anaemia in the younger age group were morbidity (odds ratio (OR) 1⋅77; CI 1⋅21, 2⋅60), having no piped water source (OR 1⋅76; CI 1⋅07, 3⋅01) and no toilet facility (OR 1⋅60; CI 1⋅07, 2⋅38). The key risk factors for anaemia in the older age group were no micronutrient intake (OR 1⋅69; CI 1⋅23, 2⋅31), having a young mother (15–24 years old) (OR 1⋅35; CI 0⋅84, 1⋅91) and a non-working mother (OR 1⋅50; CI 1⋅15, 1⋅96). Anaemia also varied by region, place of residence and economic factors. Multiple factors contributed to the high prevalence of anaemia. Given the structural problem that the country has intervention strategies should consider the unique characteristics of regions and rural residences where the prevalence of anaemia is above the national average.

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Age, Era, and Life Perspective: Emotional Connotations of the 1920's through the 1980's to Individuals in their Twenties through their Eighties

The International Journal of Aging and Human Development ◽

10.2190/ufl4-nm95-6va5-uf9m ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 33-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Robert Gifford

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Age Groups ◽

Intergenerational Conflict ◽

Older Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Affective Meaning ◽

Adult Age ◽

Younger Age

The affective meaning of seven decades (1920's to 1980's) to seven adult age groups (twenties to eighties) was examined. Measures of Pleasure, Excitement, Arousal, and Distress were obtained for each decade from each age group. The results showed, as one might expect, that decades vary in emotional character, but, more importantly, that the emotional character of individual decades sometimes differs significantly as a function of age. Older age groups view the century as more pleasurable and less distressing than do younger age groups. These variations in the emotional image of the twentieth century are discussed as one indicator of life perspective and as a possible source of intergenerational conflict.

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Age-Related Differences in the Informational Experiences and Needs of Patients with Lymphoma: Results from the 2020 Lymphoma Coalition Global Patient Survey

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2021-148525 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 1929-1929

Author(s):

Olufunmilayo A Bamigbola ◽

Lorna E Warwick

Keyword(s):

Information Needs ◽

Medical Information ◽

Age Groups ◽

Older Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Younger Patients ◽

Amount Of Information ◽

Age Related ◽

Younger Age ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background Lymphomas can occur in all age groups but most commonly occur in older adults. Despite the shift towards patient- centered care, very little has been done to explore the information needs of patients with lymphoma by age. It is important for information to accessible to patients of all ages, as informed patients are consistently associated with better outcomes and healthcare experiences. In this study, Lymphoma Coalition (LC) describes the age-related differences in the information needs of patients with lymphoma using the 2020 LC Global Patient Survey (GPS). The objectives of this study were to identify: 1) how patients felt about the amount of information they received at diagnosis 2) the content of the information received at diagnosis and the level of understanding, and 3) their informational needs. Methods Globally, 11,878 respondents including 9,179 patients and 2,699 caregivers took part in the 2020 LC GPS. There were 9,078 patients included in this analysis who self-identified their age. These patients were grouped into five age groups for analysis: 18-29 (n=638), 30-39 (n=1,196), 40-59 (n=3,261), 60-69 (n=2,216), and 70+ (n=1,767). Demographics of the five age groups were examined, and descriptive analyses for all questions relating to information needs were performed in IBM SPSS v27. Results The five age groups differed significantly (p< 0.001) in all the demographic categories examined. These categories included lymphoma subtype, sex, area of residence, education level, employment status, and household status. Patients were asked how they felt about the amount of information given to them at diagnosis. The oldest age group (70+) reported the highest prevalence (70%) of having received the right amount of information (Table 1). The younger age groups (18-29; 30-39; and 40-59) reported the highest prevalence of not receiving enough information (38%, 42%, and 41% respectively). Although not many patients reported being given too much information, of those who did, the younger age groups (18-29; 30-39; and 40-59) were the most prevalent (10%; 7%; and 5% respectively) (Table 1). Patients were asked about the type of information given to them at diagnosis, and how well they understood it. Compared to the younger age groups, the older age groups (60-69 and 70+) more frequently reported that they received and understood information given to them on different medical treatment options, the process and stages of their care, and how to manage side effects of treatment (Table 1). Patients were also asked what they needed more information about (Table 1). The top three areas that all patients needed more information about (regardless of age group) were treatment options, side effects from treatment, and their diagnosis and what it means. There was significant difference in the prevalence of how these information needs were reported between the age groups (Table 1). There was also significant difference in the prevalence of reporting a need for more information on support for self care, psychological support/counselling, and fertility across the age categories (Table 1). The lowest prevalence for needing more information in any of these areas was observed in the older age groups (60-69 and 70+), while the highest prevalence was observed in the youngest age groups (18-29 and 30-39) (Table 1). Although few patients reported not needing more information in any of these areas, its reporting was most prevalent in the older age groups (60-69 and 70+) (12% and 19%, respectively) (Table 1). Summary/Conclusions This analysis revealed that patients with lymphoma/CLL experience medical information differently across age groups. Compared to the mid and oldest patient groups, younger patients with lymphoma or CLL reported experiencing medical information differently than older patients do and reported less understanding of the medical information given to them. The younger patients also reported higher informational needs about their disease and treatment that may also be related to their age (e.g. information on fertility and family support). Clinicians should note these differences in age-group experiences and information needs, with the understanding that younger patients with lymphoma or CLL may require additional information, attention, and support. In the future, LC would like to explore how demographic differences may have confounded results. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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PREVALENCE, DISTRIBUTION AND DETERMINANTS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI RESISTANCE TO CEFTRIAXONE IN ADULT INDOOR UTI POPULATION OF DISTRICT PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.46903/gjms/18.02.869 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 45-53

Author(s):

Ubed Ullah ◽

Kiran Javed ◽

Muhammad Asim Khan ◽

Imran Ullah ◽

Noor Ul Iman

Keyword(s):

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Older Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

E Coli ◽

Younger Age ◽

Chi Square Test

Background: Escherichia coliresistance to ceftriaxone in UTIs is an emerging health problem.Our objectives were to determine prevalence, distribution and determinants of E. coliresistance to ceftriaxone in adult indoor UTI population of District Peshawar, Pakistan. Materials & Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan from 1st January 2017 to 30th June 2017. 380 UTIs cases were selected from population at riskconsecutively.Sex and age groups were demographic, while presence of E. coli resistance to ceftriaxone was research variable. All variables were nominal.Prevalenceand distribution were analyzed by count, percentage and confidence intervals for proportion for population. Hypotheses for distribution were substantiated by chi-square goodness-of-fit and of association by chi-square test of association. Results: Out of 380 patients with UTI, 136 (35.80%) were men,244(64.20%) women, 262 (68.95%) in age group 18-45 years and 118 (31.05%) in age group 46-65 years. Frequency/ prevalence of E. coli resistance was 287/380 (75.53%, 95%CI 71.20-79.85). Out of 287 patients with E. coli resistance to ceftriaxone, 101 (26.58%) were men and 186 (48.95%) women, 198 (52.11%) in age group 18-45 years and 89 (23.42%) in age group 46-65 years. Our prevalence of E. coli resistance to ceftriaxone was higher than expected (p<.00001), our distribution by sex(p<.00125) and age groups (p<.00001) were different than expected. Presence of E. coli resistance to ceftriaxone was not associated to sex (p=.669333) and age groups (p=.975097). Conclusion:Prevalence of E. coli resistance to ceftriaxone in adult UTI population of District Peshawar, Pakistan was alarmingly high 75.53%. Prevalence was more in women than men and more in younger age group (18-45 years) than older age group (46-60 years) population.Overall prevalence of E. coli resistance to ceftriaxone was higher than expected. Distribution by sex showed higher prevalence than expected in men and lower than expected in women, and higher than expected in younger age group and lower than expected in older age group. Presence of E. coli resistance to ceftriaxone was not associated to sex and age groups respectively in adult UTI population of District Peshawar, Pakistan.

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