scholarly journals Análise quantitativa da tensividade no conteúdo verbal tendo em vista o estudo da expressão da emoção na fala e o modelamento prosódico

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-70
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Fricke Matte
Keyword(s):  
Speech Rate ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Speech Segments ◽  
Temporal Flow ◽  
Linguistic Basis ◽  
Constitutive Element

In order to support with semiotic information the research in the field of phonostylistics, we propose a formula that allows turning a subjective and emotional information of one verbal text into quantitative information, from one analysis of temporality as a constitutive element of emotion. It gives us coordinates for a graphic that represents the variation of tension in the text sentence by sentence. It supports simultaneously the representation of prosodic information, such as speech rate in absolute values and, in relative values, the deviation of the duration of speech segments according to the expected patterns. In this paper we present the linguistic basis for this analysis, from a hierarchy of the sense of temporality to the graphics of the modulation of the deep temporal flow.

scholarly journals Digital Speech Analysis in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Corticobasal Syndromes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Parjane ◽  
Sunghye Cho ◽  
Sharon Ash ◽  
Sanjana Shellikeri ◽  
Mark Liberman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Speech Impairments ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Speech Fluency ◽  
Speech Segments ◽  
Automated Methods

Background: Progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal syndromes (PSPS-CBS) as well as nonfluent/agrammatic primary progressive aphasia (naPPA) are often due to misfolded 4-repeat Tau, but the diversity of the associated speech disorders beyond Apraxia of Speech (AoS) is poorly understood. Objective: Investigate the full range of acoustic and lexical properties of speech to test the hypothesis that PSPS-CBS show a subset of speech impairments found in naPPA. Methods: Acoustic and lexical measures, extracted from natural, digitized semi-structured speech samples using novel, automated methods, were compared in PSPS-CBS (n=87), naPPA (n=25) and healthy controls (HC, n=41). We also explored speech in a group of PSPS-CBS patients with concomitant naPPA (PSPS-CBS+naPPA, n=8). We related these measures to grammatical performance and speech fluency, core features of naPPA, and to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) phosphorylated tau (pTau) in patients with available biofluid. Results: Both naPPA and PSPS-CBS speech had shorter speech segments, longer pauses, higher pause rate, reduced fundamental frequency (f0) range, and slower speech rate compared to HC. naPPA speech was distinct from PSPS-CBS with shorter speech segments, more frequent pauses, slower speech rate, and reduced verb production. In both groups, acoustic duration measures generally correlated with speech fluency and grammatical performance. PSPS-CBS+naPPA resembled naPPA in most speech measures and had the narrowest f0 range. CSF pTau levels correlated with f0 range and verb production in PSPS-CBS and naPPA. Conclusion: The speech pattern of PSPS-CBS overlaps that of naPPA apart from AoS, and may be related to CSF pTau.

Prolonged Speech and Modification of Stuttering

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 724-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Packman ◽  
Mark Onslow ◽  
Janis van Doorn
Keyword(s):  
Speech Rate ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Experimental Phase ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Speech Pattern ◽  
Speech Patterns ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Speech Segments

Prolonged speech and its variants are a group of novel speech patterns that form the basis of a popular treatment for stuttering (Ingham, 1984). It is difficult to determine which features of prolonged speech are necessary for the elimination of stuttered speech because the speech pattern produces simultaneous changes in respiratory, laryngeal, and articulatory activity. Experimental studies have shown that the modification of phonation and of speech rate contributes to stuttering reduction, and increased duration of speech segments and reduced variability of vowel duration are known to occur as a result of prolonged-speech treatment programs. However, previous studies of prolonged speech have all instructed subjects to modify their customary speech patterns in a particular way. The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in the speech pattern of individual subjects when stuttering was modified with prolonged speech without specific instruction in how this should be done. In one experimental phase, 3 subjects showed clinically significant stuttering reductions when instructed to use whichever features of prolonged speech they needed to reduce their stuttering. The resulting perceptually stutter-free speech was judged to be natural sounding. Stuttering in a fourth subject reduced without experimental intervention. Recordings of acoustic and electroglottographic signals from the 4 subjects were analyzed. Changes in the variability of vowel duration occurred in all subjects. Theoretical and clinical implications of the results are discussed.

scholarly journals Digital Speech Analysis in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Corticobasal Syndromes

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Parjane ◽  
Sunghye Cho ◽  
Sharon Ash ◽  
Katheryn A.Q. Cousins ◽  
Sanjana Shellikeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Speech Impairments ◽  
Neuropsychological Measures ◽  
Speech Fluency ◽  
Partial Word ◽  
Speech Features ◽  
Speech Segments

Background: Progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome (PSPS) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS) as well as non-fluent/agrammatic primary progressive aphasia (naPPA) are often associated with misfolded 4-repeat tau pathology, but the diversity of the associated speech features is poorly understood. Objective: Investigate the full range of acoustic and lexical properties of speech to test the hypothesis that PSPS-CBS show a subset of speech impairments found in naPPA. Methods: Acoustic and lexical measures, extracted from natural, digitized semi-structured speech samples using novel, automated methods, were compared in PSPS-CBS (n = 87), naPPA (n = 25), and healthy controls (HC, n = 41). We related these measures to grammatical performance and speech fluency, core features of naPPA, to neuropsychological measures of naming, executive, memory and visuoconstructional functioning, and to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) phosphorylated tau (pTau) levels in patients with available biofluid analytes. Results: Both naPPA and PSPS-CBS speech produced shorter speech segments, longer pauses, higher pause rates, reduced fundamental frequency (f0) pitch ranges, and slower speech rate compared to HC. naPPA speech was distinct from PSPS-CBS with shorter speech segments, more frequent pauses, slower speech rate, reduced verb production, and higher partial word production. In both groups, acoustic duration measures generally correlated with speech fluency, measured as words per minute, and grammatical performance. Speech measures did not correlate with standard neuropsychological measures. CSF pTau levels correlated with f0 range in PSPS-CBS and naPPA. Conclusion: Lexical and acoustic speech features of PSPS-CBS overlaps those of naPPA and are related to CSF pTau levels.

Temporal and Episodic Analyses of the Story of Cinderella in Latent Aphasia

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1S) ◽  
pp. 449-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayle DeDe ◽  
Christos Salis
Keyword(s):  
Speech Rate ◽  
Pause Duration ◽  
Articulation Rate ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Discourse Production ◽  
Speech Behaviors ◽  
Language Characteristics ◽  
Temporal Measures ◽  
Word Rate ◽  
Speech Segments

Purpose The purpose of this study was to improve our understanding of the language characteristics of people with latent aphasia using measures that examined temporal (i.e., real-time) and episodic organization of discourse production. Method Thirty AphasiaBank participants were included (10 people with latent aphasia, 10 people with anomic aphasia, and 10 neurotypical control participants). Speech material of Cinderella narratives was analyzed with Praat software. We devised a protocol that coded the presence and duration of all speech segments, dysfluencies such as silent and filled pauses, and other speech behaviors. Using these durations, we generated a range of temporal measures such as speech, articulation, and pure word rates. Narratives were also coded into episodes, which provided information about the discourse macrostructure abilities of the participants. Results The latent aphasia group differed from controls in number of words produced, silent pause duration, and speech rate, but not articulation rate or pure word rate. Episodic organization of the narratives was similar in these 2 groups. The latent and anomic aphasia groups were similar in most measures, apart from articulation rate, which was lower in the anomic group. The anomic aphasia group also omitted more episodes than the latent aphasia group. Conclusions The differences between latent aphasia and neurotypical controls can be attributed to a processing speed deficit. We propose that this deficit results in an impaired ability to process information from multiple cognitive domains simultaneously.

Some Results of the Spectroscopic Study of Four Close Binary Systems of Early Spectral Types

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
T. S. Galkina
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Study ◽  
Spectral Type ◽  
Spectroscopic Investigation ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Close Binary ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Absorption And Emission ◽  
Close Binary Systems ◽  
Quantitative Estimates

It is necessary to have quantitative estimates of the intensity of lines (both absorption and emission) to obtain the physical parameters of the atmosphere of components.Some years ago at the Crimean observatory we began the spectroscopic investigation of close binary systems of the early spectral type with components WR, Of, O, B to try and obtain more quantitative information from the study of the spectra of the components.

The direct determination of magnetic domain wall profiles using a split detector STEM

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 466-467
Author(s):  
J.N. Chapman ◽  
P.E. Batson ◽  
E.M. Waddell ◽  
R.P. Ferrier
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Domain Wall ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Domain Walls ◽  
Photographic Plate ◽  
Magnetic Domain ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Transmission Electron

By far the most commonly used mode of Lorentz microscopy in the examination of ferromagnetic thin films is the Fresnel or defocus mode. Use of this mode in the conventional transmission electron microscope (CTEM) is straightforward and immediately reveals the existence of all domain walls present. However, if such quantitative information as the domain wall profile is required, the technique suffers from several disadvantages. These include the inability to directly observe fine image detail on the viewing screen because of the stringent illumination coherence requirements, the difficulty of accurately translating part of a photographic plate into quantitative electron intensity data, and, perhaps most severe, the difficulty of interpreting this data. One solution to the first-named problem is to use a CTEM equipped with a field emission gun (FEG) (Inoue, Harada and Yamamoto 1977) whilst a second is to use the equivalent mode of image formation in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) (Chapman, Batson, Waddell, Ferrier and Craven 1977), a technique which largely overcomes the second-named problem as well.

In situ microprobe quantitation of inorganic particle burden in paraffin sections of lung tissue

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 990-991
Author(s):  
Jerrold L. Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Data Result

Inorganic particulate material of diverse types is present in the ambient and occupational environment, and exposure to such materials is a well recognized cause of some lung disease. To investigate the interaction of inhaled inorganic particulates with the lung it is necessary to obtain quantitative information on the particulate burden of lung tissue in a wide variety of situations. The vast majority of diagnostic and experimental tissue samples (biopsies and autopsies) are fixed with formaldehyde solutions, dehydrated with organic solvents and embedded in paraffin wax. Over the past 16 years, I have attempted to obtain maximal analytical use of such tissue with minimal preparative steps. Unique diagnostic and research data result from both qualitative and quantitative analyses of sections. Most of the data has been related to inhaled inorganic particulates in lungs, but the basic methods are applicable to any tissues. The preparations are primarily designed for SEM use, but they are stable for storage and transport to other laboratories and several other instruments (e.g., for SIMS techniques).

Comparison of Techniques for EELS Mapping in Biology

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 300-301
Author(s):  
R.D. Leapman ◽  
S.B. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Beam Current ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Uniform Thickness ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Array Detectors ◽  
Transmission Electron

Elemental mapping of biological specimens by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) can be carried out both in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), and in the energy-filtering transmission electron microscope (EFTEM). Choosing between these two approaches is complicated by the variety of specimens that are encountered (e.g., cells or macromolecules; cryosections, plastic sections or thin films) and by the range of elemental concentrations that occur (from a few percent down to a few parts per million). Our aim here is to consider the strengths of each technique for determining elemental distributions in these different types of specimen.On one hand, it is desirable to collect a parallel EELS spectrum at each point in the specimen using the ‘spectrum-imaging’ technique in the STEM. This minimizes the electron dose and retains as much quantitative information as possible about the inelastic scattering processes in the specimen. On the other hand, collection times in the STEM are often limited by the detector read-out and by available probe current. For example, a 256 x 256 pixel image in the STEM takes at least 30 minutes to acquire with read-out time of 25 ms. The EFTEM is able to collect parallel image data using slow-scan CCD array detectors from as many as 1024 x 1024 pixels with integration times of a few seconds. Furthermore, the EFTEM has an available beam current in the µA range compared with just a few nA in the STEM. Indeed, for some applications this can result in a factor of ~100 shorter acquisition time for the EFTEM relative to the STEM. However, the EFTEM provides much less spectral information, so that the technique of choice ultimately depends on requirements for processing the spectrum at each pixel (viz., isolated edges vs. overlapping edges, uniform thickness vs. non-uniform thickness, molar vs. millimolar concentrations).

The use of high-resolution FESEM to study solid-state phase transformations and reactions

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 1028-1029
Author(s):  
P. G. Kotula ◽  
D. D. Erickson ◽  
C. B. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Critical Dimensions ◽  
Backscattered Electrons ◽  
Backscattered Electron

High-resolution field-emission-gun scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) has recently emerged as an extremely powerful method for characterizing the micro- or nanostructure of materials. The development of high efficiency backscattered-electron detectors has increased the resolution attainable with backscattered-electrons to almost that attainable with secondary-electrons. This increased resolution allows backscattered-electron imaging to be utilized to study materials once possible only by TEM. In addition to providing quantitative information, such as critical dimensions, SEM is more statistically representative. That is, the amount of material that can be sampled with SEM for a given measurement is many orders of magnitude greater than that with TEM.In the present work, a Hitachi S-900 FESEM (operating at 5kV) equipped with a high-resolution backscattered electron detector, has been used to study the α-Fe2O3 enhanced or seeded solid-state phase transformations of sol-gel alumina and solid-state reactions in the NiO/α-Al2O3 system. In both cases, a thin-film cross-section approach has been developed to facilitate the investigation. Specifically, the FESEM allows transformed- or reaction-layer thicknesses along interfaces that are millimeters in length to be measured with a resolution of better than 10nm.

Practical applications of scanning tunneling microscopy

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 18-19
Author(s):  
D. R. Denley
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Ambient Atmosphere ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Promising Tool

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has recently been introduced as a promising tool for analyzing surface atomic structure. We have used STM for its extremely high resolution (especially the direction normal to surfaces) and its ability for imaging in ambient atmosphere. We have examined surfaces of metals, semiconductors, and molecules deposited on these materials to achieve atomic resolution in favorable cases.When the high resolution capability is coupled with digital data acquisition, it is simple to get quantitative information on surface texture. This is illustrated for the measurement of surface roughness of evaporated gold films as a function of deposition temperature and annealing time in Figure 1. These results show a clear trend for which the roughness, as well as the experimental deviance of the roughness is found to be minimal for evaporation at 300°C. It is also possible to contrast different measures of roughness.

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