scholarly journals Use of X-ray microtomography for analysis of whole plant regeneration in Passiflora organensis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiane Yamaguchi Quijada ◽  
Marcelo Carnier Dornelas
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
3D Image ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Whole Plant Regeneration

P. organensis is a native species in Brazil and the first species of the genus Passiflora to have its genome completely sequenced. The present work intends to elaborate an efficient protocol for in vitro regeneration of whole plants of P. organensis through tissue culture and the implementation of an innovative technology of 3D image acquisition - the computerized X-ray microtomography (micro-CT).

scholarly journals Production and Characterization of Tissue Cultures of Four Crocus Species from the Carpathian Basin

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csongor Freytag ◽  
Sándor Attila Pabar ◽  
Zita Demeter ◽  
Ádám Simon ◽  
Anna Resetár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Taxonomical Position ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Whole Plant Regeneration

AbstractWe aimed to produce tissue cultures and plant regeneration from endangered Crocus species: C. scepusiensis, C. tommasinianus, C. vittatus (“Verni” series of the genus) and C. banaticus. For initiation of cultures we used a plant growth regulator (PGR) combination used for in vitro culture of saffron and its relatives: 10 mg L-1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 1 mg L-1 6-benzyladenine (BA). Shoot tips of young seedlings (C. scepusiensis) and corms (for the rest of species) were used as explants. C. scepusiensis explants developed into organogenic calli. On media with decreased NAA and with or without increased BA concentration, calli produced stigma-like structures and/or shoots and whole plants. In the other species, callus initiation medium induced callus formation with abundant somatic embryos. In C. tommasinianus, embryos developed shoots when auxin content of medium was decreased. In C. banaticus, a decrease of auxin with or without an increase in cytokinin content led to shoot or whole plant regeneration, as in C. scepusiensis. In the case of C. vittatus and C. banaticus, initiation and/or maintenance of cultures on indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and increased sucrose concentration stimulated whole plant regeneration and in vitro cormlet development. C. scepusiensis and the rest of cultures (organogenic vs. embryogenic) differed at the biochemical level: C. scepusiensis cultures had higher (yet still low) enzymatic antioxidant (catalase, peroxidase) activities. With respect to catalase isoenzyme patterns, C. banaticus was different from the rest of cultures, demonstrating its distinct taxonomical position. Besides germplasm preservation use of the present cultures, they have a potential biotechnological value.

scholarly journals Frecuencias de corte y niveles de fertilización nitrogenada en rendimiento y calidad del forrraje de morera (Morus sp.), en Cuyuta, Guatemala

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Carlos Rodríguez ◽  
Juan A. Quiñones ◽  
Rodrigo Arias
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Dual Purpose Cattle ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Cutting Height

The trial was conducted at the Centro de Producción Agrícola of ICfA in Cuyuta, Escuintla-Guatemala in order to generate information on the yield and quality of edible mulberry (Morus sp.) roughage treatments consisted of three harvest frequencies (6; 9 and 12 weeks and three fertilization levels of nitrogen (0.40 and 80 kg/ha). A complete randomized block experimental design, with a factorial arrangement (3x3) was used. The cutting height was 0.3 m above the ground level with two sequencies: from August 2nd to September 13 th and from September 13th to December 6th, 1990. In both cases, the 12 week frequency cutting and 80 kg of N were superior to the others (P<=0.01), yielding 6.87 and 6.15 t/ha of dry matter respectively. The yields at 9 weeks were statistically higher than those at 6 weeks. The highest protein percentage of the whole plant, leaves and stalks were produced at 6 weeks. The dry matter digestibility values in vitro showed little variability among treatments, with averages for whole plants, leaves and stalks of 65, 91 and 41 %, respectively. The preceeding data suggests that the mulberry has an excellent potential as a balanced supplement (protein and energy) for dual purpose cattle on the Southern coast of Guatemala.

VARIABILITY OF IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY AMONG CLONES OF BROMEGRASS AND ORCHARDGRASS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Christie ◽  
D. N. Mowat
Keyword(s):  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Genotypic Effects

Individual clones of bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were harvested at corresponding stages of maturity within each species. The orchardgrass clones were harvested in 1962, and the in vitro digestibility (IVD) was based on the whole plant. Bromegrass clones, harvested in 1965 and 1966, were separated into leaves and stems. The IVD of each component was determined, and from these, the IVD for the whole plant was estimated.Among 444 orchardgrass clones, IVD values ranged from 49 to 68%. Most of the variation was attributed to genotypic effects. For approximately 250 clones of bromegrass, IVD values ranged from 66 to 75%, 58 to 73%, and 62 to 74%, for leaves, stems, and whole plants respectively. Over the 2-year period, differences among stems and whole plants were significant. Correlations between leaf and stem digestibilities were significant but of low magnitude. Ten clones of bromegrass had stems and leaves of equal digestibility.In bromegrass, IVD values showed no relationship to several phenotypic characteristics.

Isolation of anatomically defined cell walls from fodder kale, and their contributions to determining the in vitro cellulase digestibility of the whole plant

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. McCluskey ◽  
M. J. Allison ◽  
H. J. Duncan ◽  
M. C. Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Stem Anatomy ◽  
Vascular Cell ◽  
Cellulase Digestion ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Component Cell ◽  
Whole Plants

SUMMARYVascular and non-vascular cell walls were isolated separately from leaves, upper stems and lower stems of 12 kale (Brassica oleracea L.) cultivars, by a sieving technique. The digestible organic matter in the dry matter (DOMD) of the cell walls and of the whole plants was determined by pepsin-cellulase digestion. The measured whole-plant DOMD correlated closely with the DOMD predicted by adding together the amounts of non-digested material derived from all the plant's component cell-wall fractions. Differences in DOMD between cultivars were determined primarily by the amount of vascular cell walls in the stems, particularly the lower stems; that is, by the stem anatomy. The vascular cell walls of the upper stems had a wider range of DOMD values and a higher mean DOMD than the vascular cell walls of the lower stems. Thus cell-wall composition made some contribution to determining the whole-plant DOMD, although it contributed less than the anatomy of the stem.

scholarly journals Production of cytotoxic compounds in dedifferentiated cells ofJatropha curcasL. (Euphorbiaceae)

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isidro Ovando-Medina ◽  
Leny P. Pérez-Díaz ◽  
Sonia Ruiz-González ◽  
Miguel Salvador-Figueroa ◽  
Marcos E. Urbina-Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Cotyledon Explants ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Effective Combination ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Murashige Skoog ◽  
Cytotoxic Compounds ◽  
Whole Plants

This study addresses thein vitroculture as an alternative to obtain compounds with cytotoxic activity from the medicinal plantJatropha curcas(Euphorbiaceae). We determined the presence of cytotoxic compounds in both whole plants and dedifferentiated cells. We evaluated the effect of auxin, cytokinins and light on callus induction in cotyledon explants. We found that the most effective combination to induce callus was the auxin 2,4-D (5 mM) with the cytokinin 6-BAP (2.5 mM), on Murashige-Skoog medium in darkness. We compared the callogenic potential among accessions from different geographic origins, finding that ARR-251107-MFG7 is most prone to form callus. The roots ofJ. curcasgrown in field produced a compound chromatographically similar to the cytotoxic diterpene jatrophone. The profile of compounds extracted from the dedifferentiated cells was similar to that of the whole plant, including a relatively abundant stilbene-like compound. This study contributes to the future establishment of protocols to produce anti-cancer compounds fromJ. curcascultivated in vitro.

Interactions between Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and other fungi on the phylloplane of lettuce

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1633-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mercier ◽  
R. D. Reeleder
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Leaf Disc ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Protection Against Infection ◽  
Disc Assay

Selected fungi recovered from the phylloplane of lettuce were assayed, using in vitro and in vivo techniques, to determine their effectiveness as antagonists of ascospores of the lettuce drop pathogen, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. On leaf discs, Trichoderma viride, Alternaria alternata, and Epicoccum purpurascens significantly reduced ascospore germ-tube elongation by 34.2, 60.6, and 38.3%, respectively. On whole plants, these three fungi significantly reduced infection by 40–93.3%. Isolates of Cladosporium cladosporioides and a red yeast inhibited ascospore elongation significantly in the in vitro leaf disc assay but failed to provide significant protection against infection by S. sclerotiorum in the in vivo whole-plant assay. Observations with the scanning electron microscope indicated that hyphae of T. viride and A. alternata came into close contact with ascospores on the leaf surface, suggesting parasitic relationships. Hyphae of E. purpurascens did not come into direct contact with ascospores and inhibition may have been due to production of antifungal compounds.

EFFECT OF SEEDING DATE ON YIELDS AND QUALITY OF GREEN FORAGE CROPS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1045-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. KUNELIUS ◽  
J. B. SANDERSON ◽  
P. R. NARASIMHALU
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Total N ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Whole Plants

Forage kale (Brassica oleracea L.), rape (B. napus L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and Chinese cabbage (B. campestris sensulato L.) × stubble turnip (B. rapa L.) hybrid were seeded at monthly intervals between late-May and late-August over 3 yr. Kale was harvested in early November while rape, radish, and turnip hybrid were targeted for harvest 60–70 d after seeding. The dry matter yield of kale declined as the seeding dates were delayed. The primary growth of rape, radish and turnip hybrid was the same for May, June and July seedings, but seeding in August lowered the yields by 25–38%. The in vitro dry matter disappearance was high, ranging from 850 to 920 g kg−1. The total N concentration of whole plant tissue, leaves, stem + petioles, and roots and S-methylcysteine sulphoxide (SMCO) concentration of whole plants increased as the seeding date was delayed. We concluded that kale should be planted by mid-June for high yields. Fodder rape, radish, and turnip hybrid had similar yields with seeding from spring until mid-July. In vitro dry matter disappearance and N concentrations were high for all species.Key words: Brassica oleracea, B. napus, B. rapa, Raphanus sativus, chemical composition, digestibility

Leaf and stem dry matter digestibility and ruminal undegradable proteins of alfalfa cultivars

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Tremblay ◽  
G. Bélanger ◽  
K. B. McRae ◽  
R. Michaud
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Alfalfa Plant ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Whole Plants

Increased dry matter digestibility and ruminal undegradable protein (RUP) concentration are traits highly ranked to improve the nutritive value of forage legumes. Whole-plant, leaf, and stem samples of 27 alfalfa cultivars grown in eastern Canada were analysed for total nitrogen (TN), in vitro RUP, and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). The objectives were to determine if significant variation exists among these cultivars, and to establish the relationship between nutritive value parameters of leaves and stems, and those of whole plants. Cultivars were seeded in triplicate on 2 consecutive years and evaluated during the 2 subsequent production years with two harvests per year. There were significant differences among cultivars in IVDMD of stems and plants in spring growth and summer regrowth. Cultivar differences in leaf IVDMD were significant only in spring growth, but this variation was negligible in practical terms. Cultivars with high forage IVDMD also had high stem IVDMD and this relationship was stronger in summer regrowth. Alfalfa plant IVDMD is a function of stem digestibility and the leaf weight ratio (LWR). Cultivar differences were significant for plant TN in spring growth and summer regrowth, and for stem TN in spring growth only. Leaf (270 to 306 g kg-1 TN) and stem (242 to 287 g kg-1 TN) RUP concentrations varied among cultivars in spring growth. Cultivars with high stem RUP also had high leaf RUP concentration but differences in plant RUP were not always attributed to leaf and stem RUP. The RUP concentration was on average 10% higher in leaves than in stems in spring growth, and this difference reached 15% in summer regrowth. The LWR varied among cultivars in spring growth and summer regrowth, and it was positively related to plant RUP in spring growth. Improved whole-plant RUP concentration is unlikely to be achieved by simply selecting for high RUP in leaves or stems; LWR has a principal role in determining alfalfa plant RUP concentration. Key words: Dry matter digestibility, ruminal undegradable proteins, alfalfa, genetic variation, stems, leaves

YIELD AND QUALITY OF SILAGE CORN AS AFFECTED BY FROST AND HARVEST DATE

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. WHITE ◽  
K. A. WINTER ◽  
H. T. KUNELIUS
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Whole Plants

Corn (Zea mays L.) for silage was harvested at approximately 10-day intervals between 5 September and 15 November in 1973 and 1974 at Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. Dry matter (DM) yields of the whole plant and of grain increased up to first frost which occurred in late September. Following frost, the DM yields of the whole plants declined, while DM yields of grain remained essentially constant or increased slightly. In vitro DM digestibility and in vitro digestible DM yields were highest and the cellulose content was lowest at the time of first frost. Nitrogen and K contents of the whole plant declined significantly with time after frost. The total amounts of N, P, and K harvested in the crop also declined after frost. It is recommended that silage corn in the Maritime Provinces be harvested prior to or immediately after being frozen to obtain maximum yields and quality.

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