scholarly journals Determinants of Anemia among Early Adolescent Girls in Kendari City

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Irfa Ekasanti ◽  
Annis Catur Adi ◽  
Mardiyono Yono ◽  
Fifi Nirmala G ◽  
Muhammad Atoillah Isfandiari
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Early Adolescent ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Parental Income ◽  
Menstrual Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Background: Adolescent girls' anemia is a public health challenge. Anemia has an impact on cognitive abilities to reduce intelligence and results in adolescent achievement is down.Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the determinants of anemia in early adolescent girls in Kendari City.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with a sample of 97 students. Data on parental characteristics, breakfast habits, nutritional status, menstrual status, and history of infectious diseases were collected by interview using a questionnaire. Data on nutrient intake (iron, protein, vitamin C) obtained through the 2x24 hour recall method then compared to the Indonesian standard (AKG). Hemoglobin level was measured using the EasyTouch heamoglobin meter device. Data analysis was done by chi-square analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis.Results: The results showed 28.9% of adolescent girls had anemia. The results of chi-square analysis obtained that there was a relationship between the incidence of anemia on mother's education (p=0.010,), parental income (p=0.017), iron intake (p=0,000), protein intake (p=0,000), vitamin C intake (p=0.023), breakfast habits (p=0.006), menstrual status (p=0.007) and history of infection diseases  (p=0,000). While the results of multiple logistic regression analysis obtained that there was a relationship between iron intake (p=0.005,OR=3.009), protein intake (p=0.007,OR=2.012), vitamin C intake (p=0.038,OR=1.167), menstrual status (p=0.002,OR=3.181) with anemia.Conclusion: The dominant determinant of anemia in early adolescent girls in Kendari City is menstrual status. It is recommended to intervene in risk factors (mother's education, parental income, iron intake, protein, vitamin C, breakfast habits, menstrual status and history of infectious disease) to reduce the prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls.

scholarly journals Suicidality In Individuals With Prader-Willi Syndrome: A Review of Registry Survey Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Analise Peleggi ◽  
Jessica Bohonowych ◽  
Theresa Strong ◽  
Lauren Schwartz ◽  
Soo-Jeong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Prader Willi Syndrome ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Behavioral Challenges ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Social Skills Deficits

Abstract BACKGROUND: Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare, genetic, neurodevelopmental syndrome associated with hyperphagia and early onset obesity, growth and sex hormone insufficiencies, mild-to-moderate intellectual disability, and behavioral challenges such as compulsivity, anxiety, skin picking, social skills deficits and temper outbursts. Given high rates of psychiatric comorbidity and potential risk factors for suicide in PWS, this study sought a first estimate of the prevalence of suicidal ideation (SI) and attempts (SA) in the PWS population and any characteristics associated with suicidality in this population. METHODS: Using the Global Prader-Willi Syndrome Registry, we included all participants who had answered a question about SI. We examined the most recent data from the surveys about social, economic, and demographic factors, genetic subtype, and psychiatric symptoms and treatments. A chi-square analysis was used to compare registry participants who reported SI to those without reported SI. RESULTS: From 750 included survey respondents, 94 (12.5%) endorsed some history of SI. Of these, 25 (26.6%) also reported a history of SA, with an average age of 16.25 years at their first attempt. Those with a history of SI were predominantly male and adult age, and had higher rates of aggression and psychiatric comorbidities, therapies, and medications. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that the rate of SI and SA in PWS is comparable to the general population, and that suicide attempts in PWS typically begin in middle-teenage years. Despite unique challenges, individuals with PWS and their caregivers should be included in screens and psychoeducation for suicide and mental health concerns.

scholarly journals Validation of Modified COPCORD Questionnaire Indonesian Version as Screening Tool for Joint Pain and Musculoskeletal Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Anshory ◽  
Cesarius Singgih Wahono ◽  
Handono Kalim ◽  
Harun Al Rasyid
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Joint Pain ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Musculoskeletal Diseases ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
High Degree

Background: WHO-ILAR COPCORD Program is a program that aimed to obtain data on joints pain and musculoskeletal diseases in developing countries, one aspect which has not been studied is the ability of COPCORD questionnaire as a screening tool which standardized for  screening  joint pain and musculoskeletal diseases. Objective of this study is to assess the validity of modified COPCORD questionnaire Indonesian version in screening joint pain and musculoskeletal disease compared to examination by rheumatologists.Methods: The initial phase of the research is determining essential points, translation to Indonesian, and back translation. The second stage is testing questionnaires in communities which 100 respondents involved. Dependent variable is the diagnosis of rheumatic diseases and independent variables are pain in less and more than 7 days, high degree pain in less and more than 7 days, history of NSAIDs/Steroids/DMARDs use, and disabilities. Validation test was assessed by calculating the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, LR+, and ROC curve. Bivariate analysis using Chi Square analysis, and multivariate analysis using logistic regression.Results: The sensitivity test results is best obtained on the question history of NSAIDs/steroids/DMARDs use (100%)  and specificity is best obtained on the question about disability (98%). ROC curve analysis which the results >85% obtained on the question of pain >7 days (90%), high degree pain >7 days (93%), and history of NSAIDs/steroids/DMARDs use (92%).  LR+ to diagnose rheumatic diseases found in all questions. Chi square analysis showed that all questions were significant with p <0.05 and odds ratio (OR) obtained most on high degree pain more than 7 days (OR: 180.167; 95% CI: 38.196-849.834).Conclusion: The modified COPCORD questionnaire Indonesian version has been adapted and can be a good tool in the screening of joint pain and musculoskeletal diseases compared to examination by rheumatologists. Keyword: Validation, Questionnaire, COPCORD

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ASUPAN ZAT BESI, PROTEIN, VITAMIN C DAN POLA MENSTRUASI DENGAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN PADA REMAJA PUTRI DI SMAN 1 MANYAR GRESIK[Correlation Between Intake of Iron, Protein, Vitamin C and Menstruation Pattern with Haemoglobin Concentration among Adolescent Girl in Senior High School 1 Manyar Gresik]

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Cynthia Almaratus Sholicha ◽  
Lailatul Muniroh
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Adolescent Girl ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iron Protein ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Nutrition Problem

One of nutrition problem that needs to get high attention is anemia. Anemia is a condition that develops when healthy red blood cells below normal. Inadequate intake of nutrient, menstruation, infectious diseases, and lack of knowledge can caused anemia. Monthly menstruation and growth period drive adolescent girls pronen to anemia. The purpose of this study was to analyze correlation between intake of iron, protein, vitamin C and menstruation patterns with anemia among adolescent girls. This study used cross sectional design. Population of this study was adolescent student grade X and XI at SMAN 1 Manyar Gresik. Sixty two students were selected using proportional random sampling . Data were collected with semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire, structured questionnaire, and digital haemoglobinmeter. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation test and Chi-square test. Results showed intake of iron (r=0.635; p=0.000), protein (r=0.663; p=0.000), and vitamin C (r=0.780; p=0.000) was correlated with haemoglobin concentration similiar with menstruation pattern which also had signifi cant correlation with anemia (p=0.002). Lower intake of iron, protein and vitamin C, caused lower haemoglobin concentration. Thus, anemia incidence will be higher. Adolescent girl are expected to increase food consumption of food source of iron and consume iron supplement routinely to replace iron that lost during menstruation.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the effectiveness of colonoscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 98-100
Author(s):  
Mustikawati Mustikawati ◽  
Sodikin Sodikin
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Current Medical ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Preparation Time ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of

Colonoscopy is one of the most widely-used procedures for diagnostic examination and treatment of colorectal diseases, either benign or malignant. Colonoscopy results are influenced by several factors such as current medical history, history of drug use, history of accompanying illnesses, and procedures performed. To analyze the factors which affectiverness the results of colonoscopy among the undergoing patients in Regional Public Hospital of Banyumas. The method used was observational analytic with a cross sectional approach. From the consecutive sample selection, it gave 76 respondents. The analysis was done using Univariate analysis with frequency distribution test, bivariate with chi square test and multivariate with multiple logistic regression test. Most of the respondents (51 respondents, 67.1%) aged 46-65 years and most of them were female (41 or 53.1%), they were dominated by high school graduates (56 or 73.7%), and the dominant occupation status was undemployed (31 or 40.8%). The results of the chi square test showed that there was an effect of current disease history, namely complaints / indications for colonoscopy examinations (p 0.011), drug use (p 0.021),accompanying disease history (p 0.003), and implementation procedures (p 0.000) on colonoscopy results. The results of multiple logistic regression showed that the factor that mostly influences the colonoscopy results was the length of preparation time (1-2 days of preparation).In conclusion current medical history, drug use history, accompanying medical history, and procedure administration significantly influence the colonoscopy outcome. And the most influencing factor is the length of preparation time (1-2 days of preparation).

scholarly journals Asupan zat gizi makro, asupan zat besi, kadar haemoglobin dan risiko kurang energi kronis pada remaja putri

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Imelda Telisa ◽  
Eliza Eliza
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
School Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Chronic Energy Deficiency

Teenagers are a group of ranges experiencing nutritional problems. Nutrition problems that often occur in adolescents are lack of nutrient intake which can trigger chronic energy deficiency (CED) and anemia as a result of iron deficiency. The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship of macro nutrient intake, iron intake, hemoglobin levels to the risk of chronic energy deficiency. This study uses a case-control design, which was carried out on 72 Muhammadiyah 1 Palembang high school students consisting of 36 at risk of CED and 36 at no risk of CED. Data on macro-nutrient intake and Fe intake were obtained from the calculation of Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), Hemoglobin content data using the quick check method, and CED data through measurement of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Data analysis using the Chi-square test at CI:95%. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between energy consumption and macronutrient intake (p=0,004), protein (p=0,004), fat (p=0,031), and iron intake (p=0,000) with the risk of young female CED. The absorption of macro and micronutrients influences. The conclusion, the risk of CED in adolescent girls. Suggestions, education and interventions need to be done related to the importance of paying attention to the nutritional status of adolescent girls. Remaja merupakan kelompok rentang mengalami masalah gizi. Masalah gizi yang sering terjadi pada remaja adalah kurangnya asupan zat gizi yang dapat memicu terjadinya kurang energi kronis (KEK) serta anemia sebagai akibat kekurangan zat besi. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis hubungan asupan zat gizi makro, asupan zat besi, kadar haemoglobin terhadap risiko kurang energi kronis. Metode penelitian survei analitik dengan desain secara kasus kontrol. Penelitian dilakukan pada 72 siswi SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Palembang terdiri 36 berisiko KEK dan 36 tidak KEK.  Data asupan zat gizi makro dan asupan Fe diperoleh dari perhitungan Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), data kadar Haemoglobin menggunakan metode quick cek, dan data KEK melalui pengukuran lingkar lengan atas (LiLA). Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-square pada CI:95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan signifikan antara asupan z\at gizi makro energi (p=0,004), protein (p=0,004), lemak (p=0,031) dan asupan zat besi (p=0,000) dengan risiko KEK remaja putri. Kesimpulan, Risiko KEK pada remaja putri dipengaruhi oleh asupan zat gizi makro dan mikro. Saran, perlu dilakukan edukasi dan intervensi terkait pentingnya memperhatikan status gizi remaja putri. 

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN RIWAYAT PEMBERIAN ASI DAN POLA ASUH IBU DENGAN KEJADIAN GIZI KURANG PADA ANAK BALITA DI KECAMATAN WONGSOREJO BANYUWANGI

2018 ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Yohan Yuanta ◽  
Didik Gunawan Tamtomo ◽  
Diffah Hanim
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Pattern Of Care ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

ABSTRAK Kondisi riwayat ASI di Indonesia saat ini cukup memprihatinkan. Rendahnya pemberian ASI secara Eksklusif dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, yakni ketidaktahuan ibu tentang pentingnya ASI, cara menyusui dengan benar, serta pemasaran susu formula. Pola asuh pada tahun pertama kehidupan sangatlah penting untuk perkembangan anak. Pola asuh balita yang kurang baik di Indonesia salah satunya ditunjukkan dengan masih rendahnya dukungan ibu dalam memonitor pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak balita. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan riwayat pemberian ASI dan pola asuh terhadap kejadian gizi kurang. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Wongsorejo, kabupaten Banyuwangi Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan rancangan kasus kontrol. Variabel dependen gizi kurang dan variabel independen riwayat pemberian ASI dan pola asuh Ibu. Jumlah subjek sebanyak 174 balita yang diambil secara Fixed Disease Sampling, melalui wawancara langsung dan observasi. Analisis bivariate menggunakan uji C-Square dan analisis multivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistic biner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar riwayat pemberian ASI pada balita adalah ASI eksklusif pada kasus (83.9%) dan kontrol (97.7%). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa riwayat pemberian ASI (OR=0.123; p<0.05), pola asuh pemberian makan (p<0.05) dan pola asuh kesehatan (p<0.05) berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kejadian gizi kurang. Terdapat hubungan antara riwayat pemberian ASI dan pola asuh ibu dengan kejadian gizi kurang.   Kata Kunci: pola asuh ibu, pola pemberian makan, riwayat ASI.       ABSTRACT The current history of breast milk in Indonesia was quite alarming. The lack of exclusive breastfeeding was influenced by several factors, namely mother’s ignorance about the importance of breastfeeding, how to breastfeed properly, and the marketing of formula milk. The pattern of care in the first year of life was very important for the development of children. Poor toddler pattern in Indonesia was one of them shown by the low support of mother in monitoring growth and development of children under five. This study aimed to analyze association of breastfeeding history and parenting mother to the incidence of malnutrition and was conducted in Wongsorejo, Banyuwangi, East java. This study used the quantitative case-control design. Dependent variable in this study was malnutrition and independent variable were history of breastfeeding and parenting mother. The number of samples were 174 under five children taken by a Fixed Disease Sampling. The data was gained through in-depth interview and observation.History of Breast Feeding and Parenting Mother was taken by interview and used a quesstionarry. Bivariate analysis used chi-square analysis and multivariate analysis used binarry regression. Most of the breastfeeding history among under five children was exclusive breastfeeding with case (83.9%) and control (97.7%). Correlation analysis showed that history brestfeeding (OR=0.123; p<0.05), feeding practices of parenting mother (p<0.05) and health parenting mother (p<0.05) were related positively to malnutrition. There is a relationship of breastfeeding history and parenting mother to malnutrition among under five children.   Keywords: Family’s Economic Level; Food Intake; mild psychomotor Development; Nutritional Status; Toddlers.

Rates of and Risk Factors for Trigger Finger after Open Carpal Tunnel Release

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy E. Raducha ◽  
Winston Jiang ◽  
Lindsey Kahan ◽  
James Houston Dove ◽  
Christopher Cochran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carpal Tunnel ◽  
Carpal Tunnel Release ◽  
Ring Finger ◽  
Middle Finger ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Open Carpal Tunnel Release

Abstract Background We have anecdotally noticed a higher rate of trigger fingers (TFs) developing in patients who have undergone carpal tunnel release (CTR). Questions/Objective Is the rate of TFs after CTR greater compared to the nonoperative hand? Is the thumb more commonly involved postoperatively compared with spontaneous TFs? Do particular associated comorbidities increase this risk? Patients and Methods We queried our institutional database for patients who had undergone open CTR during a 2-year period and recorded the development of an ipsilateral TF after a CTR or a contralateral TF in the nonoperative hand. Patient demographics, comorbidities, concurrent initial procedures, time to diagnosis, and finger involvement were recorded. Results A total of 435 patients underwent 556 CTRs during this period. Furthermore, 46 ipsilateral TFs developed in 38 of 556 cases (6.83%) at an average of 228.1 ± 195.7 days after surgery. The thumb was most commonly involved (37.0%) followed by the ring finger (28.3%). The incidence rate of TF in the nonoperative hand during this period was 2.7%, with the ring finger and middle finger most commonly involved (33.3 and 28.6%, respectively). Only history of prior TF in either hand was found to be a significantly associated on Chi-square analysis and multivariable regression (p < 0.001). Conclusion In patients with carpal tunnel syndrome, ipsilateral TFs occurred after 6.83% of CTRs, compared with a rate of 2.7% in the nonoperative hand, making it an important possible outcome to discuss with patients. The thumb was more commonly involved in triggering in the surgical hand compared with the nonoperative hand. Patients with a history of prior TFs in either hand were more likely to develop an ipsilateral TF after CTR. Level of Evidence This is a Level III, retrospective study.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Characteristics of Incidentalomas Discovered by Whole Body FDG PETCT

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Hernandez Pampaloni ◽  
Aung Z. Win
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Primary Method ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

Objectives. To determine the prevalence of incidentalomas in a patient population with no known thyroid malignancy who underwent whole body FDG-PET/CT for staging or restaging of neoplasia. The additional aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of using PETCT as a screening tool for malignant thyroid incidentalomas. Methods. Retrospective review of medical records of all the thyroid exams done at our institution between January 1, 2000 and August 20, 2008. We made a criterion of PET/CT as the primary method of detection of incidentalomas. Results. From a total of 8464 thyroid exams, 156 incidentalomas were found and 40 incidentalomas underwent anatomopathology analysis, which was used as gold standard. Chi-square analysis was used to analyze the data. There is no significant association between SUV value and the prevalence of incidentalomas. Discussion. From January 1, 2000 to August 20, 2008, incidentalomas have a prevalence of 1.84% at our institution. 38% of the incidentalomas that were biopsied were characterized as representing malignant tumors. Conclusion. Focal, abnormal FDG uptake representing incidentalomas must be followed up with biopsies. It is impractical to use PET/CT as a screening tool to detect incidentalomas for the general population but it must be done in patients with history of any type of cancer.

Differences in the prevalence of insomnia and their predictive value in patients with deliberate drug self-poisoning

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1622-1622
Author(s):  
N. Kokras ◽  
A. Kouzoupis ◽  
T. Paparrigopoulos ◽  
G.N. Papadimitriou
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Warning Sign ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Athens Insomnia Scale ◽  
History Of ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

IntroductionEvidence suggests a relationship between sleep disturbances and suicidal ideation. The temporal appearance of insomnia has been proposed as a warning sign of imminent suicidal acts. However, there is little information on the temporal relation of insomnia with acts of deliberate self-poisoning (DSP) in particular.ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify the insomnia prevalence in DSP patients and test its predictive value in relation to current psychiatric diagnosis and history of previous DSP acts.MethodsSeventy consecutive patients with DSP admitted from February to September 2010 into three general hospitals had a psychiatric consultation and their sleeping pattern during the week before the DSP act was assessed using the Athens Insomnia Scale.ResultsPatients, with a mean age of 34 ± 2 years, predominantly women (70%), were diagnosed with personality disorders (68%), depression (22%) and psychosis (10%). The overall insomnia prevalence was 69%. A chi-square analysis showed that patients with an Axis I diagnosis were significantly more likely to present insomnia than patients with an Axis II diagnosis. Interestingly, when the number of previous DSP acts was included into the analysis, patients with an Axis I diagnosis with and without previous DSP acts had an equal prevalence of insomnia. On the contrary, in patients with an Axis II diagnosis and previous DSP acts, insomnia was three times more prevalent than in those with no previous DSP acts.ConclusionsThese results suggest that insomnia may be a valid proximal warning sign, particularly in patients with personality disorders and previous DSP acts.

scholarly journals Does History of Prematurity Prompt Blood Pressure Evaluations at Primary Care Visits?

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2333794X1982831
Author(s):  
Benjamin D. Kornfeld ◽  
Gal Finer ◽  
Laura E. Banks ◽  
Liliana Bolanos ◽  
Adolfo J. Ariza
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Screening Guidelines ◽  
Measurement Protocol ◽  
Care Patterns ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Routine Assessment

Prematurity is a risk factor for elevated blood pressure (BP). We performed a mixed-methods study of care patterns and awareness of early BP screening recommendations for infants born prematurely (IBP) by interviewing/surveying providers on practice- and provider-level BP screening. IBP’s records were reviewed for BP screening documentation, demographics, and gestational age (GA). Visits <33 months were reviewed for anthropometrics, BP, and comorbidities. Chi-square analysis evaluated BP screening by GA and comorbidities. Twenty-six of 49 practices completed interviews; 81% had infant BP equipment available; 4% had BP measurement protocol for IBP. Twenty-eight of 86 providers were aware of screening guidelines; none reported routine assessment. Twenty-eight of 118 IBP had ≥1 BP documented; 43% had BP ≥90th percentile. Screening did not differ by GA group. Kidney-related diagnosis was associated with more frequent BP screening ( P = .0454). BP is not routinely measured though often elevated before age 3 in IBP.

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