scholarly journals Antioxidant and inhibitory activity of Roselle Extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Nuril Fikriyah ◽  
Isnaeni Isnaeni ◽  
Asri Darmawati
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Inhibition Concentration ◽  
Agar Media

Background: Hibiscus sabdariffa known as roselle, which belongs to the family Malvaceae, grows in sub-tropical and tropical region including Indonesia. Several studies have reported the benefits of roselle for health. Roselle extract has been shown to have antibacterial effect as a support for antibacterial therapy, especially for case of antibiotic resistance, and antioxidant effect which can neutralize free radicals. Purpose: The aim of this study was obtaining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and inhibition concentration (IC50) of roselle extract. Methods: Antibacterial effect of roselle extract against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was tested in nutrient agar media using diffusion method. Antioxidant activity of roselle extract was performed by DPPH. The violet color of DPPH solutions that was reduced by roselle extract were measured using visible spectrophotometer at the wavelength of 516 nm. Result: The result of this study obtained the (MIC) and IC50 of roselle extract were 2,5% and 1251±202,32 ppm, respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that roselle extract have antibacterial effect against MRSA and antioxidant effect.

scholarly journals Antibacterial effects of 4 methanol plant extracts (Lamiaceae) against 10 Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
Maryam Paydar ◽  
Ashraf Kariminik
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Zataria Multiflora ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Herbal Therapies

Antibiotic resistance has paved the way for replacing conventional medications with herbal therapies that supposedly have less side-effect. This research is an experimental study and a fundamental- functional one. The present study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effect of 4 plant extracts from Lamiaceae on 10 methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Methanol extracts were prepared by maceration method for 10 days in room temperature and then filtered with wathman paper No.1 and concentrated by rotary evaporator system. Different concentration of each extract were prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide: methanol (1:1 v/v) and bioassayed on 10 MRSA isolates by agar well diffusion method in Muller-Hinton agar medium. Plates were incubated in 37°C for 24 hours. After incubation period, zone of inhibition was measured in millimeter and the antibacterial effect of extracts were evaluated. According to antibiogram test, some of Staphylococcus aureus isolates were sensitive to the used extracts with different MIC.MIC values about all Staphylococcus aureus isolates about Zataria multiflora, Mentha longifolia, Ziziphor clinopodioide and Satureja hortensis were 15, 30, 30 and 15 mg/ml respectively. Because of regarding the fact that antibiotic resistance is growing, according to the acquired results we expect to be able to use plant extracts against Staphylococcus aureus resistant to meticillin in controling the infections or as preservatives in food sciences and in the next step separating of effective substances were suggested.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i2.12045 International Journal of Life Sciences 9 (2) : 2015; 51-54

scholarly journals THE ANTIBIOFILM ACTIVITY OF HIBISCUS SABDRIFFA L. AGAINST METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 626-631
Author(s):  
Jaddoa & Gharb
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

The current study was aimed to investigate the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of ethanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyx against locally isolated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at different concentrations were started from 0.078 to 40 mg/ml. The extract was prepared by soaked calyces powder of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. with 80% ethanol in the Soxhlet extraction unit, and then it was aseptically filtered. The antibacterial activity was tested by agar diffusion method and broth microdilution method, this method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of extract, while the antibiofilm activity was determined by using 96-well polystyrene microtiter plates. The results revealed that the ethanolic extract has antibacterial activity in a concentration-dependent manner, the average diameter zone of inhibition observed against MRSA isolates ranged from 14±0.5 mm to 20±0.5 mm Moreover, at sub-inhibitory concentration, this extract developed an isolate-specific antibiofilm effect and presented highly significant (P< 0.05) variability in biofilm formation before and after addition of ethanolic extract, Mr1, and Mr7 isolates were gave the lowest and highest antibiofilm activity, respectively. In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of H. sabdariffa L. calyx is a promising alternative medication that can be used to treat the infection caused by MRS.

scholarly journals A Molecular Insight into the Synergistic Mechanism of Nigella sativa (Black Cumin) with β-Lactam Antibiotics against Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3206
Author(s):  
Lorina I. Badger-Emeka ◽  
Promise Madu Emeka ◽  
Hairul Islam M. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Cell Wall Disruption ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Insight Into

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is detrimental to hospitalized patients. With diminishing choices of antibiotics and the worry about resistance to colistin in synergistic combined therapy, there are suggestions for the use of herbal derivatives. This investigation evaluated the synergistic effects of Nigella sativa (NS) in combination with beta-lactam (β-lactam) antibiotics on extreme drug-resistant (XDR) MRSA isolates. NS concentrations of 10, 7.5, 5.0, 2.5, 1.0, and 0.1 µg/mL, alone and in combination with β-lactam antibiotics, were used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of MRSA isolates by the well diffusion method. Time–kill assays were performed using a spectrophotometer, with time–kill curves plotted and synergism ascertained by the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC). Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to gain insight into the mechanism of action of treated groups. Isolates were inhibited by the NS concentrations, with differences in the zones of inhibition being statistically insignificant at p < 0.05. There were statistically significant differences in the time–kill assay for the MRSA isolates. In addition, NS combined with augmentin showed better killing than oxacillin and cefuroxime. The mechanism of action shown by the SEM and TEM results revealed cell wall disruption, which probably created interference that led to bacterial lysis.

scholarly journals Detection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Dairy Products and Anterior Nares of Dairy Workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
Ranjana K.C. ◽  
Ganga Timilsina ◽  
Anjana Singh ◽  
Supriya Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Dairy Workers

Objectives: To isolate methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from anterior nares of dairy workers and dairy products and assess the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates. Methods: Swab samples collected from anterior nares of dairy workers and dairy product (butter) were inoculated into mannitol salt agar and incubated at 37ºC for 24 hours. Identification was done based on colony characteristics, Gram's staining, catalase, oxidase and coagulase test. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. MRSA was confirmed by using cefoxitin disc. Results: A total of 109 S. aureus (98 from dairy workers and 11 from butter samples) were isolated. Out of them 32 MRSA were isolated from dairy workers and 4 from butter samples. The association between age group and MRSA was found insignificant (p = 0.115). The association of MRSA between male and female workers was found significant (>0.05). About 86% of the MRSA isolates were susceptible to Gentamicin (86.11%) followed by Ciprofloxacin (77.78%). Conclusion: Detection of MRSA among dairy workers and dairy products warrants proper handling and adequate control measures to prevent transmission of MRSA from dairy industry.

scholarly journals Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection: risk factors and clinical outcome in non-intensive-care units

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karinne Spirandelli Carvalho Naves ◽  
Natália Vaz da Trindade ◽  
Paulo Pinto Gontijo Filho
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus Bloodstream Infection

INTRODUCTION: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is spread out in hospitals across different regions of the world and is regarded as the major agent of nosocomial infections, causing infections such as skin and soft tissue pneumonia and sepsis. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for methicillin-resistance in Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection (BSI) and the predictive factors for death. METHODS: A retrospective cohort of fifty-one patients presenting bacteraemia due to S. aureus between September 2006 and September 2008 was analysed. Staphylococcu aureus samples were obtained from blood cultures performed by clinical hospital microbiology laboratory from the Uberlândia Federal University. Methicillinresistance was determined by growth on oxacillin screen agar and antimicrobial susceptibility by means of the disk diffusion method. RESULTS: We found similar numbers of MRSA (56.8%) and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) (43.2%) infections, and the overall hospital mortality ratio was 47%, predominantly in MRSA group (70.8% vs. 29.2%) (p=0.05). Age (p=0.02) was significantly higher in MRSA patients as also was the use of central venous catheter (p=0.02). The use of two or more antimicrobial agents (p=0.03) and the length of hospital stay prior to bacteraemia superior to seven days (p=0.006) were associated with mortality. High odds ratio value was observed in cardiopathy as comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Despite several risk factors associated with MRSA and MSSA infection, the use of two or more antimicrobial agents was the unique independent variable associated with mortality.

Evaluation of antibiotic resistance pattern and mecA gene frequency in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains collected from clinical specimens in Marand hospital and treatment centers, Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Jafari-Sales ◽  
Zahra Sadeghi Deylamdeh ◽  
Afsoon Shariat
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Wide Range

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide range of infections and as a multivalent pathogen is one of the causative agents of nosocomial and community infections. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and determine the pattern of antibiotic resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from patients in hospitals and medical centers in Marand city and also to evaluate the presence of mecA gene. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 385 samples of S. aureus were collected from different clinical samples of patients in hospitals and medical centers of Marand city. S. aureus was identified using standard biochemical methods.  Methicillin resistance was determined by disk diffusion method in the presence of oxacillin and cefoxitin. The pattern of antibiotic resistance of the strains was determined by disk diffusion method and according to CLSI recommendation and also PCR method was used to evaluate the frequency of MecA gene. Results: In the present study, out of 385 samples of S. aureus, 215 (55.84%) samples were methicillin resistant. PCR results for mecA gene showed that 110 samples had mecA gene.  The highest antibiotic resistance was observed against penicillin (100%) and erythromycin (83.63%). Most MRSA were isolated from urine and wound samples. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the prevalence of methicillin-resistant species and also the increase in antibiotic resistance of MRSA to various antibiotics.  Therefore, in order to prevent increased resistance to other antibiotics, it is recommended to avoid inappropriate use of antibiotics.

Assessment of Mupirocin Resistance among Clinical Isolates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Nancy M. Attia ◽  
Abeer Abd El Rahim Ghazal ◽  
Omnia M. Khaleel ◽  
Ahmed Gaballah
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mupirocin Resistance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Research Institute Hospital ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Mrsa Colonization

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization is considered a major risk factor for nosocomial infections and its decolonization has reduced these infections. Mupirocin (MUP) is the topical antibiotic of choice for decolonization. MUP decolonization failure is attributed to MUP resistance. Objective: The aim of the current study is to assess MUP resistance among MRSA isolates phenotypically and genotypically. Methodology: Fifty MRSA isolates were identified in Microbiology Department in the Medical Research Institute hospital, Alexandria University. Antibiotic susceptibility to different classes of antibiotics by disk diffusion method was done. MUP minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined phenotypically by MUP Ezy MIC™ Strips. MUP resistance was determined genetically by multiplex PCR detection of mupA and mupB. Results: Of all MRSA isolates, 6% exhibited high level and none showed low level MUP resistance. Only mupA was detected in all resistant isolates. Conclusion: Despite low prevalence of MUP resistance, it is appropriate to test MUP resistance prior nasal decolonization

scholarly journals PREPARATION OF COLD CREAM AGAINST CLINICAL PATHOGEN USING CARALLUMA ADSCENDENS VAR. ATTENUATA

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-123
Author(s):  
SUNDAR MADASAMY ◽  
SURESH SUNDAN ◽  
LINGAKUMAR KRISHNASAMY
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Cold Cream ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

Objective: A simple formulation of cold cream from methanolic extract Caralluma adscendens var. attenuata (MECA) and their antimicrobial activity was tested against various clinical pathogens, namely, Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, and Candida albicans. Methods: Methanol extract of these plant extract was prepared by the Soxhlet method. We analyzed phytochemical nature of theses plant, and subsequently, a cream was formulated cold-cream C. adscendens var. attenuata (FCA) different concentration such as FCA 50 mg, FCA 100 mg, and FCA 200 mg. In the present study, aimed to the antimicrobial activity of cold cream was measured by agar well diffusion method, and standard antibiotic Neosporin (market available) cream was used as positive control and dummy cold cream (without-MECA) were used as the negative control. Results: Phytochemical screening showed that the plant extracts were found a rich source of secondary metabolites. For more, the efficacy of cold cream from MECA extracts to against the clinical pathogen. Positive control Neosporin and 200 mg FCA cream was a highly significant difference in the zone of inhibition when compared to dummy cream. The 200 mg FCA was activity against Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant E. faecium, and C. albicans highly significantly difference (p<0.05) compared FCA 50 mg and FAC 100 mg creams. Conclusion: The results from this study suggested that the cold cream form base of MECA crude had antimicrobial activity in the different clinical pathogen. They could be used as an alternative source to conventional antimicrobial agents for the treatment of pathological infection.

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