scholarly journals A comparative study of the E. faecalis antibiofilm efficacy of photoactivated curcumin, chlorophyll and riboflavin

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Riski Setyo Avianti ◽  
Sri Kunarti ◽  
Ari Subiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Diode Laser ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Natural Properties ◽  
Crystal Violet Assay ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Irradiation Period ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The One ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Group 1

Background: Photosensitisers play a vital role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in diode laser 405 nm therapy. Curcumin, chlorophyll and riboflavin have been used and viewed in several studies as effective photosensitisers for the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), a persistent microorganism that may cause endodontic failure. While each has given valuable and promising results as an alternative endodontic irrigant, no study has compared the efficacy of these three natural dyes. Purpose: To prove that the photosensitiser curcumin in diode laser 405 nm therapy is more effective for E. faecalis biofilm degradation than chlorophyll and riboflavin, and that a duration of irradiation of 90 seconds is more effective than 60 seconds. Methods: The biofilm monospecies E. faecalis was divided into two microplates with 96-well according to the irradiation periods: 60 seconds (Group 1) and 90 seconds (Group 2). Each group contained one control (without a photosensitiser) and three treatments were carried out by adding the photosensitisers curcumin, chlorophyll and riboflavin, where each treatment contained eleven samples. After irradiation for 60 seconds and 90 seconds, a crystal violet assay was carried out for each group. Results: The one-way ANOVA test showed a significant difference between groups based on the irradiation period. Tukey’s test showed each treatment in each group also showed a significant difference (p<0.05) with curcumin as the best substance to cause biofilm degradation in both groups. The duration of the irradiation showed that the longer the biofilm was illuminated, the lower the absorbance value or optical density (OD). Conclusion: Curcumin irradiated for 90 seconds gives better biofilm degradation on E. faecalis due to its natural properties and molecular structure, highlighting its efficacy in photodynamic therapy

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN PENGARUH LATIHAN ONE HAND SET SHOOT DAN TWO HAND SET SHOOT TERHADAP TEMBAKAN BEBAS (FREE THROW) DALAM PERMAINAN BOLA BASKET PADA ATLET BALKA CLUB TAHUN 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-71
Author(s):  
Maulana Iqbal ◽  
Agustanico Dwi Muryadi ◽  
Karlina Dwijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Free Throw ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The One ◽  
Practice Skills ◽  
Group 1

The aims of this study were: (1) To determine the effect of one hand set shoot practice on free throws in basketball games. (2) Knowledge of the effect of the two hand set shoot exercise on free throws in basketball games. (3) Knowing the difference in the effect between one hand set shoot and two hand set shoot exercises on free throws in basketball games. The research method used is the experimental method. The subjects in this study were Balka Club athletes number 30 participants in Purwodadi Village, Purwodadi District, Grobogan Regency in 2020. The collection technique to obtain the data needed in this study used a one-handed and two-handed shot test against free throws. results based on data analysis: There is a significant effect of one-handed shooting practice on basketball free throws in Balka Club 2020 athletes (1). There is a significant effect of two-handed shooting practice on basketball free throws for Balka Club 2020 athletes (2). There is a significant difference in the effect of one-handed and two-handed shooting practice on basketball free shots for Balka Club 2020 athletes. From the calculations that have been made, the t-value is 0.879, it is smaller (table 5%) which is 2.131. Two-handed shooting training has a better effect on basketball free throw skills for Balka Club 2020 athletes. The increase in free throw practice skills in group 2 (the group receiving two-handed training) is 92% > group 1 (the group that received the one-handed shot practice treatment) was 74% (3).

scholarly journals Comparison of Transcanalicular Multidiode Laser Dacryocystorhinostomy with and without Silicon Tube Intubation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yildiray Yildirim ◽  
Taner Kar ◽  
Tuncay Topal ◽  
Enver Cesmeci ◽  
Abdullah Kaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diode Laser ◽  
Nasolacrimal Duct ◽  
Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Duct Obstruction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Silicon Tube ◽  
Silicone Tube Intubation ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Aim. To compare the surgical outcomes of surgery with and without bicanalicular silicon tube intubation for the treatment of patients who have primary uncomplicated nasolacrimal duct obstruction.Methods. This retrospective study is comprised of 113 patients with uncomplicated primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction. There were 2 groups in the study: Group 1 (n=58) patients underwent transcanalicular diode laser dacryocystorhinostomy surgery with bicanalicular silicon tube intubation and Group 2 (n=55) patients underwent transcanalicular diode laser dacryocystorhinostomy surgery without bicanalicular silicon tube intubation. The follow-up period was18.42±2.8months for Group 1 and18.8±2.1months for Group 2.Results. Success was defined by irrigation of the lacrimal system without regurgitation and by the absence of epiphora. Success rates were 84.4% for Group 1 and 63.6% for Group 2 (P=0.011). Statistically a significant difference was found between the two groups.Conclusion. The results of the study showed that transcanalicular diode laser dacryocystorhinostomy surgery with bicanalicular silicon tube intubation was more successful than the other method of surgery. Consequently, the application of silicone tube intubation in transcanalicular diode laser dacryocystorhinostomy surgery is recommended.

scholarly journals The effectivity of cavity cleanser chlorhexidinegluconate 2% and saponin 0.78% of mangoosteen peel

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Maretha Siwinata ◽  
Nanik Zubaidah ◽  
Adioro Soetojo
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Parametric Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Control Group Group ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Group 1

Background. Use of cavity cleanser is important before restoration the teeth to clean debris, residue of prepared dentine, blood, bacteria, collagen denaturized by teeth preparation. Nowadays, the cavity cleanser that people used still having shortcoming, one of which is the lack of ability to clean the root canal of the smear layer. Purpose. The purpose of this study examines the difference of cavity cleaner between saponin of mangoosteen peel (GarciniaMangostana L.) and chlorhexidinegluconate 2%. Method. Eighteen upper first premolar divided into 3 groups, each of them consist three tooth. Forming the preparation tooth cavity then group 1 using aquadest for control group, group 2 using chlorhexidinegluconate 2%, and group 3 using saponin of mangoosteen peel (GarciniaMangostana L.). For rating cleanliness of the tooth cavity using a scale of cleanliness conducted under Scanning Electron Microscope. Result. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in One-Way ANOVA parametric test andpos hoc test between chlorhexidinegluconate 2 % and saponin of mangoosteen peel to the cleanliness of the tooth cavity. Conclusion.According to the result of the study, it can be concluded that saponin of mangoosteen peel (GarciniaMangostana L.) less effective for cleaning the tooth cavity than chlorhexidinegluconate 2%.

In-vivo evaluation of the effect of cyanoacrylate on prosthetic vascular graft infection – does cyanoacrylate increase the severity of infection?

VASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-284
Author(s):  
Atıf Yolgosteren ◽  
Gencehan Kumtepe ◽  
Melda Payaslioglu ◽  
Cuneyt Ozakin
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Graft ◽  
Graft Infection ◽  
Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Prosthetic Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 1

Summary. Background: Prosthetic vascular graft infection (PVGI) is a complication with high mortality. Cyanoacrylate (CA) is an adhesive which has been used in a number of surgical procedures. In this in-vivo study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between PVGI and CA. Materials and methods: Thirty-two rats were equally divided into four groups. Pouch was formed on back of rats until deep fascia. In group 1, vascular graft with polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) was placed into pouch. In group 2, MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected into pouch. In group 3, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece was placed into pouch and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. In group 4, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece impregnated with N-butyl cyanoacrylate-based adhesive was placed and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. All rats were scarified in 96th hour, culture samples were taken where intervention was performed and were evaluated microbiologically. Bacteria reproducing in each group were numerically evaluated based on colony-forming unit (CFU/ml) and compared by taking their average. Results: MRSA reproduction of 0 CFU/ml in group 1, of 1410 CFU/ml in group 2, of 180 200 CFU/ml in group 3 and of 625 300 CFU/ml in group 4 was present. A statistically significant difference was present between group 1 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 2 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 3 and group 4 (p < 0.05). In terms of reproduction, no statistically significant difference was found in group 1, group 2, group 3 in themselves. Conclusions: We observed that the rate of infection increased in the cyanoacyrylate group where cyanoacrylate was used. We think that surgeon should be more careful in using CA in vascular surgery.

Tuberculosis of the meninges and central nervous system. Experience of clinical diagnostics in St. Petersburg for 50 years

MedAlliance ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Medical Errors ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Lethal Outcome ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Allergic Vasculitis ◽  
Tuberculosis Meningitis ◽  
Group 1

The clinic and diagnostics of tuberculosis meningitis (TM) in 926 patients treated in St. Petersburg hospitals in 1965–1994 (group 1) and in 1995–2018 (group 2) is presented. The TM clinic is demonstrated to be determined by the form of tuberculosis and its characteristic generalization nature in the presence of repeated waves of bacteremia and allergic vasculitis of greater or lesser severity. There is clinical peculiarity of TM in primary pulmonary tuberculosis and its early large-focal and late miliar generalization, as well as in hematogenous tuberculosis. In patients of the 1st and 2nd groups the TM clinic shows in some respects a noticeable similarity, in others — a significant difference. Despite the typical symptoms, early diagnosis of TM took place in less than 20% of patients. Clinical examples illustrating the unusual development of TM, contrasting with its usual course, are given. A number of objective and subjective factors contributing to the adverse evolution of TM and its lethal outcome are discussed. These include the peculiarity of modern tuberculosis, especially when associated with HIV infection, as well as medical errors associated with ignorance of the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and failure to comply with the minimum examination for tuberculosis.

Two Adhesive Systems-effect on Adhesion to Tooth Structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 2608-2613
Author(s):  
Larisa Simona Deac ◽  
Kamel Earar ◽  
Adela Loredana Colceriu Burtea ◽  
Alexandra Stefania Berghe ◽  
Aurora Antoniac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Hybrid Layer ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Selective Etch ◽  
Etch And Rinse ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wisdom Teeth ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Self Etch ◽  
Group 1

This study evaluates and compares by dye penetration method and SEM photomicrographs the sealing obtained using two different classes of adhesive systems (etch-and-rinse and self-etch with selective etching) with SDR (Dentsply) bulk fill composite. 84 class V cavities were prepared on oral and vestibular face of 42 intact, freshly extracted wisdom teeth. The cavities were randomly divided in two groups and restored: Group 1 with prime &bond one select (Dentsply) and SDR (Dentsply) and Group 2 with prime&bond one Etch&Rinse (Dentsply) and SDR (Dentsply). Prime&bond one Select (Dentsply) is a single component adhesive and can be used in self etch mode, in selective enamel etch mode, or in etch-and-rinse mode. We chosen for this study the selective etch of the enamel mode. Prime&bond one Etch Rinse (Dentsply) is a universal etch-and-rinse one-bottle dental adhesive, designed to be used in two steps. The bulk fill composites are commonly used in modern dentistry due to their properties of low polymerization shrinkage and curing in layer of 4 mm depth, offering the practitioner a fast clinical procedure with good results. The results showed a good sealing at enamel and dentin margins with no statistically significant difference between adhesives, even though the mean of enamel infiltration was smaller for Group1. Furthermore the results show that there were differences between the two groups, for the infiltrations at the enamel, the values of microleakage being arithmetically higher for Group 1, but with no statistically difference between the two groups.SEM images showed for both groups a good adhesion surface with the tooth, but the hybrid layer of the total-etch adhesives is different from the hybrid layer formed by self etch adhesives, in terms of thickness, uniformity. In conclusion both adhesive systems have equivalent sealing qualities and can be successfully used with SDR.

Reducing Gingivitis Remotely using the iGAM mHealth app (part 2): Prospective Observational Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Tobias ◽  
Assaf B Spanier
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Oral Hygiene Habits ◽  
Group 1

BACKGROUND Gingivitis is a non-painful, inflammatory condition that can be treated with home remedies. Left untreated gingivitis can lead to tooth loss. Periodic dental examinations are important for early diagnosis and treatment of gum diseases. In order to contain the spread of the corona virus, governments, including in Israel, have restricted movements of their citizens which has caused routine dental checkups to be postponed. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the ability of an mHealth app- iGAM to reduce gingivitis. METHODS A prospective observational cohort study was performed, 160 unpaid participants were divided into 2 equal groups and downloaded the iGAM app. Group 1 photographed their gums weekly for eight weeks. Group 2 photographed their gums at the time of recruitment and 8 weeks later. After photo submission, the participants received the message "It is recommended to read the information contained within the app regarding maintaining oral hygiene habits". A single blinded researcher examined the images and scored them according to the Modified Gingival Index (MGI). RESULTS The average age of group 1 was 26.77 (S.D. ± 7.43), and 28.53 (S.D. ± 10.44) for group 2. The majority were male (74.7% in group 1 vs. 66.7% in group 2), most participants described themselves as "secular", most were "single", non-smokers (74.7% vs. 78.4%) and did not take medications (85.3% vs. 78.4%). 126 subjects completed the study. A statistically significant difference (P <.001) was found in the dependent variable (MGI) in a linearly negative manner. As time passed, the gum condition improved, there were significantly lower gingivitis scores in group 1 (M = 1.16, S.D. ± 1.18) compared to group 2 (M = 2.16, S.D. ± 1.49), after eight weeks. Those with more recent dental visits had a lower MGI (p = .037). No association was found between knowledge and behavior, most participants were familiar with the recommendations for maintaining oral health, yet they only performed some. CONCLUSIONS A dental selfie taken once a week using an mHealth app (iGAM) reduced the signs of gingivitis and promoted oral health. During the current pandemic where social distancing recommendations may be causing people to avoid dental clinics, this app can remotely promote gum health. CLINICALTRIAL The protocol was approved by Hadassah research ethics committee (IRB, 0212-18-HMO)

scholarly journals Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis of the Anterior Capsulotomy Edge: A Comparative Study between Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Capsulotomy and Manual Capsulorhexis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Tognetto ◽  
Chiara De Giacinto ◽  
Alberto Armando Perrotta ◽  
Tommaso Candian ◽  
Alessandro Bova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Surface Irregularity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Cut Surface ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Group 1

Purpose. To compare the capsule edges ultrastructure obtained by two femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) platforms and manual continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Setting. Eye Clinic, University of Trieste, Italy. Design. Experimental comparative study. Methods. 150 anterior capsules were collected and divided into three groups as follows: Group 1 (50 capsules) obtained with manual CCC, Groups 2 and 3 (each with 50 capsules) obtained with the Catalys Laser and the LenSx Laser, respectively. All samples were imaged by means of SEM and regularity of the cut surface, and thickness of the capsule edge were evaluated and compared. Results. All femtosecond laser (FSL) capsules were perfectly circular, whereas some alteration of the circular shape was observed in the manual ones. Group 1 showed a smooth and regular capsule edge without any surface irregularity, conversely Groups 2 and 3 showed postage-stamp perforations on the capsule edge. The cut surface irregularity value in Group 2 was 1.4 ± 0.63, while it was 0.7 ± 0.49 in Group 3 (p<0.05). Group 1 had a significantly lower thickness of the capsule edge than the FSL groups (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference in the capsule edge thickness between the FSL groups was found (p=0.244). Conclusions. Despite the presence of slight cut surface irregularities, both FSL capsulotomies showed a better geometry and circularity than the manual ones. Capsulotomy specimens obtained using both FSL capsulotomies showed laser-induced alterations of the capsule edge when compared with smooth and regular edges obtained using manual CCC.

scholarly journals Isometric Handgrip Exercise Training Improves Spirometric Parameters and Pulmonary Capacity

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-338
Author(s):  
Ogbutor Udoji Godsday ◽  
Nwangwa Eze Kingsley ◽  
Nwogueze Bartholomew Chukwuebuka ◽  
Chukwuemeka Ephraim ◽  
Ezunu Emmanuel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Handgrip Exercise ◽  
Isometric Handgrip ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Isometric Handgrip Exercise ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Decline in normal physiological pulmonary function has been attributed to premorbid conditions such as prehypertension. Research evidence suggests that physical activity reduces age-related decline in pulmonary function and improves the efficiency of the lungs in prehypertensive patients. However, there is a scarcity of data evidence relating to isometric exercise and pulmonary function. Furthermore, the interrelationship between the intensity and duration of isometric exercise and pulmonary function in these patients is still uncertain. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the effect of isometric handgrip exercise on pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. To determine the effectiveness of isometric handgrip exercise on pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. A quasi experiment using a pre- and post-exercise method was carried out in two out-patients hospital settings. The sample comprised 192 sedentary pre-hypertensive subjects, aged between 30–50 years, that were randomly distributed into three groups of 64 participants each. The subjects performed, for 24 consecutive days, an isometric handgrip exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction (M.V.C.). At the end of the 24 days, group one (GP1) discontinued, while group two (GP2) continued the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days and group three (GP3) continued with the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days but at 50% M.V.C. Determinants of lung function (outcomes) were Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC Ratio and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR). The study shows that there was no statistically significant difference in the pre- and post-exercise outcomes for FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC Ratio and PEFR after 24 days for group 1. In group 2, there was a statistically significant difference in the FVC [(mean = 0.12 ± 0.12), (p = 0.002)], FEV1 [(mean = 0.15 ± 0.17), (p = 0.003)] and PEF [(mean = 0.85 ± 0.35), (p = 0.001)] after 48 days. In group 3, there was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.001) in all the outcomes assessed after 48 days. There was a between groups difference in favour of group 2 compared with group 1 for outcomes of FEV1 [(mean = 0.142 ± 0.68), (p = 0.005)] and PEF [(mean = 0.83 ± 0.19), (p = 0.0031)]. There was statistically significant difference in favour of group 3 compared to group 2, by increasing the exercise intensity from 30% to 50% M.V.C., for outcomes of FVC [mean change = 0.10 ± 0.052), (p = 0.005)], FEV1/FVC [mean change = 3.18 ± 0.75), (p = 0.017)] and PEF [(mean change = 0.86 ± 0.35), (p = 0.001)] after 48 days. Isometric handgrip exercise (after 48 days at 30% to 50% M.V.C.) improves outcomes of pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. Meanwhile, duration and/or increase in intensity of the isometric effort significantly contributed to the affects attained.

scholarly journals Hybrid cardiac rehabilitation program as a potential enhancer of adherence to cardiac rehabilitation in smoking patients with coronary heart disease - a retrospective single-centre analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Cabral ◽  
R Santos ◽  
F Januario ◽  
A Antunes ◽  
R Fonseca-Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has well known beneficial effects on physical capacity, health-related quality of life, morbidity and mortality following an acute cardiac event. It is also known that smoking status is a powerful predictor of recurrent cardiovascular disease events. However, it has been noted that smoker patients may be less likely to access or complete CR. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of anxiety and depression and its improvement, depending on the smoking status of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) on phase 2 of the Cardiac Rehabilitation Program (CRP). Additionally, we intend to investigate the mental health impact on smoker patients" group in conventional CR versus telemonitored CR. A retrospective study was conducted and patients in CRP between 2017 and 2020 were included. Patient selection and information collection were obtained through medical records. The outcomes of anxiety and depression were evaluated through the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 for non-smokers or ex-smokers and group 2 for smokers. For group 2 patients, a sub-analysis was performed for patients following the conventional CR versus the telemonitored CR, with the use of MOVIDA mobile application. Variables were analysed in the beginning (T0) and in the end (T1) of phase 2, around 3 months after. Group comparisons tests and statistical analysis were performed using SPSS software v25.0. A p-value less than 0.05 is statistically significant.  We analysed 107 patients, which 93 of these were assiduous and 69 concluded the phase 2 of CRP: 39 patients in group 1 and 30 patients in group 2. Two groups have similar baseline characteristics, except for the higher presence of diabetes (p = 0.02) in group 1. It was noted an improvement in both anxiety and depression items for group 1 (p &lt; 0.01 for both), but only for anxiety item for group 2 (p = 0.03). In subgroup analysis, we observed no improvement for smoking patients following the conventional CR for both anxiety and depression items (p = 0.60 and p = 0.71, respectably) versus a significant difference in telemonitored CR patients (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04). We hypothesise that, when compared to conventional CR, cardiac telemonitored exercise using modern communication methods may result in an improved mental health state among smoking patients, which can lead to a better adherence for CRP. Further studies including more patients and phase 3 of CRP are needed to confirm these results.

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