scholarly journals Isu Laut Tiongkok Selatan: Negara-negara ASEAN Terbelah Menghadapi Tiongkok

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arief Bakhtiar Darmawan ◽  
Lady Mahendra
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Structural Realism ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Member States ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
Strategic Value ◽  
Shifting Balance ◽  
Asean Countries

This paper aims to analyze the strategies of each ASEAN member states towards China related to the dispute in the South China Sea (SCS). SCS area is becoming a platform of power competition between China, the Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Brunei. Five parties mentioned above are competing over sovereignty in certain areas of the SCS. SCS area became interesting to certain parties, considering its strategic value for expansive policy. In the contemporary era, the rise of this conflict perceived as a problem which caused by shifting balance of power, that happened when the U.S. sought to preserve its unilateral moment after the end of cold war. This lead to vacuum of power situation in the Southeast Asia, thus encourage China to build up presence in the dispute area. Even though there are only four ASEAN countries that directly involved, however the adoption of the Declaration on the SCS by all ASEAN member countries, asserted that in this case ASEAN is standing together to show their objections of China’s aggressiveness. With structural realism perspective as the analysis tool, tendencies of ASEAN member states’ different strategies are understandable by the explanation about motives behind it. Which Philippines and Vietnam tend to leaning towards balancing strategy against China. Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar indicate towards bandwagoning strategy with China, while the rest of the members did not show tendencies of leaning either ways.

scholarly journals Competitiveness of Indonesian Livestock Production among ASEAN Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Tjeppy D Soedjana ◽  
Atien Priyanti
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Background Structure ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Livestock Products

<p>ASEAN is one of the fastest growing regional economic communities and its combined human population of around 600 million people. Heterogeneity of ASEAN member countries includes population size, cultural background, structure and development of the economy, and level of income. Agriculture is well known as one of the key engine of economic growth of the ASEAN member countries, seen from the fact that most of the countries in this region are strongly depend on this sector including animal production. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the competitiveness of Indonesian production costs of selected livestock products compared to other ASEAN member countries. The following member countries are at their first rank or competitiveness status for the livestock and poultry commodities, namely Cambodia for beef cattle, Malaysia for pigs, the Philippines for sheep and goats, and Thailand for broiler chickens. Indonesia with the highest poultry population in the region, compared to Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines has not yet performed as that good in terms of production costs. The position of Indonesia based on production cost was at the fourth rank for beef, third for sheep and goat, and fourth for broiler compared to other ASEAN member countries. Therefore, Indonesia should improve the efficiency production of livestock and poultry to achieve better competition status.</p>

scholarly journals The THE COMPARISON OF THE CUSTOMS DUTY AND RICE PRODUCTIVITY IN ASEAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-100
Author(s):  
M. Zainul Abidin ◽  
Patria Yoga A.
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Price Stability ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Member States ◽  
Rice Productivity ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
Rice Price

The purpose of this paper is to examine the customs duty to support rice productivity in the ASEAN Member States (AMS). This study uses a qualitative method. The results showed that the customs duty had supported rice productivity in AMS. The rice productivity in AMS has been improved supported by the competitiveness of domestic rice products and and supports the welfare of rice producers. Custom duties or imposition of rice tariffs protect the competitiveness of domestic rice, and maintain domestic rice price stability and encourage producer surpluses. Producer surpluses support motivation in rice farming, and support consistent increases in rice production. AMS that imposes tariffs on rice, namely: Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. The imposition of customs duties in ASEAN is based on ad valorem tariffs. AMS that imposes relatively high tariffs on rice are Malaysia and the Philippines.  

Structural realism and Dulles's China policy

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
WOOSEON CHOI
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
International System ◽  
Structural Realism ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
China Policy ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Us ◽  
Containment Policy

AbstractThe Eisenhower administration's tough containment policy toward China has been conventionally viewed as an unsensible policy resulting from domestic political pressures or ideology. Refuting the conventional explanations, this article argues that during the early Cold War, the US superiority in bipolarity drove China to balance the United States in Asia. Dulles, the architect of the China policy, made accurate assessments of the power structure in Asia and the inevitable enmity with China. Driven by structural imperative, he decided to pursue containment to maintain the favourable balance of power in Asia by retarding the relative power growth of China allied with the Soviet Union and secondarily by accelerating their conflict through harder pressure on a weaker China. This case long considered as a prime anomaly to balance of power theory actually demonstrates how powerfully distributions of power shape alliance behaviours of states in the anarchic international system.

scholarly journals Asean is in the Movement of Combating Corruption: Should New - Generation Ftas Be a Promising Forum for Anti-Corruption Enforcement of Asean in International Business?

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-114
Author(s):  
Hieu Le Ho Trung ◽  
Jennifer B. Verances ◽  
Hung Tran Van
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
International Business ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Government Procurement ◽  
Member States ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
New Generation

Abstract For a long time, corruption has been a shrilling concern for ASEAN member states for the reason of being one of the primary causes restricting the integration of these nations into international trade and efforts at globalization. In fact, over the last few years, ASEAN has undertaken a myriad of policies and improved the regional legal framework to combat corruption such as the signing of UNCAC and new free trade agreements and the establishment of the ASEAN Economic Community. Notwithstanding this, according to the statistics of global organizations, the levels of anti-corruption in ASEAN countries, except Singapore and Brunei, are relatively low. This mainly derives from the fact that the national legal framework in each of the member states has not satisfied fully when the political regime lacks democracy, governmental authority is insufficiently impartial and the awareness of citizens about corruption is still moderate. Simultaneously, the international agreements to which ASEAN member states signed are only the model for domestic enforcement mechanisms, and seem to be silent on international enforcement of anti-corruption. To date, the WTO is known as a global agency for international business, to which all ASEAN countries have acceded. Under the WTO, there is no official mechanism for enforcement of anti-corruption; nevertheless, this organization acknowledges, encourages and states indirectly this issue via transparency, accountability or governance in their agreements (Government Procurement Agreement and Trade Facilitation Agreement). Under the Doha negotiation round, WTO member states failed to gain consensus to dismantle tariffs, resulting in the emergence of a myriad of bilateral and regional trade agreements out of the scope of the WTO. These have gradually developed to be so-called new-generation free trade agreements in the hope of mitigating the traditional trade barriers as well as lessening non-tariff ones, such as governance and transparency. The recent development of new-generation FTAs between ASEAN and/or ASEAN member(s) and the external trading partners that pay high attention to anti-corruption issues, i.e., EU, Australia, Canada, Japan, US, may create a promising forum for anti-corruption enforcement of ASEAN in international business in the future. This article will elaborate on all aforementioned issues before a reasonable conclusion is delivered.

scholarly journals Cybersecurity and Custom Regulations as Trade Barriers in ASEAN e-Commerce: Case of Indonesian e-Commerce

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Annisa Pratamasari
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Member States ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
High Tariff

ASEAN countries show tremendous potential for e-commerce growth. Boasting its 650 million population and massive internet users, ASEAN proves to be a significant market for e-commerce and digital economy in general. Nonetheless, there are still some significant barriers in e-commerce trade, both traditional and non-traditional barriers of trade. Those barriers include a lack of harmonized regulations between the ASEAN Member States, high tariff duties on imported goods, and weak consumer protections (and overall cybersecurity) in the region. This study explores these barriers, which hinder ASEAN's goal to achieve more robust growth in the digital economy, particularly in terms of the legal framework (custom harmonization) and cybersecurity. In order to delve more deeply into these impediments of e-commerce trade, this article also attempts to present a study case of Indonesia's e-commerce as the most prominent and most promising player in ASEAN. Keywords: ASEAN, e-commerce, digital trade, digital economy  Negara-negara ASEAN menunjukkan potensi luar biasa bagi pertumbuhan e-commerce. Dengan jumlah penduduk 650 juta dan banyaknya pengguna internet, ASEAN terbukti menjadi pasar yang signifikan bagi e-commerce dan ekonomi digital secara umum. Meskipun demikian, masih terdapat beberapa hambatan signifikan dalam perdagangan e-commerce, baik hambatan perdagangan tradisional maupun non-tradisional. Hambatan-hambatan itu termasuk kurangnya regulasi yang harmonis antara negara-negara anggota ASEAN, bea masuk yang tinggi untuk barang-barang impor, dan lemahnya perlindungan konsumen (serta keamanan cyber secara keseluruhan) di dalam kawasan. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi hambatan-hambatan yang menghambat tujuan ASEAN untuk mencapai pertumbuhan yang lebih kuat dalam ekonomi digital, terutama dalam hal kerangka hukum (harmonisasi aturan) dan keamanan cyber. Untuk menggali lebih dalam hambatan-hambatan perdagangan e-commerce ini, tulisan ini juga mencoba untuk menyajikan studi kasus e-commerce Indonesia sebagai pemain terbesar dan paling menjanjikan di ASEAN. Kata-kata kunci: ASEAN, e-commerce, perdagangan digital, ekonomi digital

ASEAN is a driving force for regional integration in Asia

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taliya Khabriyeva ◽  
Igor' Shuvalov ◽  
Anatoliy Kapustin ◽  
Nelli Bevelikova ◽  
Rashad Kurbanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Member States ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
Asean Countries

The book introduces the reader to the changing nature of integration processes in Asia under the influence of globalization. The analysis of factors that promote and hinder interaction between the ASEAN countries and non-regional partners of this Association is carried out. The study describes the dynamic processes of economic integration within the framework of the Russia - ASEAN dialogue partnership and features of cooperation in various areas of legal regulation. The author reveals the mechanisms that influence the formation of a region-wide free trade zone for the ASEAN member States, and makes recommendations on priority areas of integration trends in Asia. Particular attention is paid to the specifics of investment regulation in South-East Asia, harmonization of ASEAN legislation in the field of security, taxation, education, prospects for cooperation and legal mechanisms that ensure the implementation of further cooperation programs developed by the ASEAN member States. For researchers, representatives of public authorities, as well as for anyone interested in the dynamics of integration processes in the Asia-Pacific region.

Digital divide in ASEAN member states: analyzing the critical factors for successful e-government programs

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indri Dwi Apriliyanti ◽  
Bevaola Kusumasari ◽  
Agus Pramusinto ◽  
Widodo Agus Setianto
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Design ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Technology Infrastructure ◽  
Member States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Economic Developments

PurposeThis study addresses the critical factors that contribute to the success of e-government programs in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member states (AMS). We investigate the factors that play key roles in e-government adoption and implementation in AMS that stem from multiple dimensions.Design/methodology/approachOur qualitative study on eight ASEAN countries with different political situations and economic developments suggests that in general, institutions (formal and informal institutions), resources, leadership, organizational design and culture values determine the success of e-government.FindingsThe provision of adequate information and communication technology infrastructure alone is insufficient to ensure the success of e-government.Research limitations/implicationsOur findings lead to a conceptual framework of factors that drive the success of e-government projects that advances the literature on e-government, particularly the research about e-government in the context of developing countries.Originality/valueAn empirical evidence and in-depth understanding suggest that different factors are associated with detrimental impacts on e-government implementation.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Correlates of Infrequent and Frequent Bullying Victimization among School Adolescents from Five Southeast Asian Countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supa Pengpid ◽  
Karl Peltzer
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Bullying Victimization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
Amphetamine Use ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
School Truancy

The study aimed to assess the prevalence and its correlates of infrequent and frequent bullying victimization (=BV) among school-going adolescents in five &ldquo;Association of Southeast Asian Nations&rdquo; (ASEAN) member states. The cross-sectional sample comprised 33,184 school adolescents (14.6 years mean age) from five ASEAN countries of the &ldquo;Global School-based Student Health Survey&rdquo; (GSHS) in 2015. Results indicate that 30.6% of participants reported any past-month BV, 33.9% in boys and 27.5 in girls, ranging from 11.8% in Laos to 48.7% in the Philippines. In the adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis, students from the Philippines and Thailand, experience of hunger, sedentary behaviour, attending physical education classes, being underweight, being overweight or obese, ever amphetamine use, physically assaulted, school truancy, participation in a physical fight, injury, low peer support and psychological distress were associated with BV. Almost one in three adolescents were bullied and several associated variables were identified which can assist in targeting the strategies of intervention.

WPS and the Association of South East Asian Nations

2018 ◽  
pp. 387-401
Author(s):  
Ma. Lourdes Veneracion-Rallonza
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
East Asian ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Member States ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Institutional Responses ◽  
Women’S Human Rights ◽  
General Recommendation ◽  
Women's Human Rights

All ten member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) have their own structures and mechanisms to advance women’s human rights. Further, all ASEAN member states are parties to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). Collectively, they have likewise enshrined and sought to guarantee the rights outlined in CEDAW through regional declarations and mechanisms. When it comes to acknowledging women’s human rights in conflict situations, however, with the exception of the Philippines, ASEAN member states have largely failed to uphold their obligations under these mechanisms. Accordingly, both as individuals and as a regional collective, these states have proven unable to design and implement appropriate institutional responses to violence and instability. This chapter critically examines the institutional and political causes of these failures and assesses the challenges and benefits of invoking CEDAW General Recommendation 30 to advance the WPS agenda in the region.

Protecting and preserving traditional knowledge and plant genetic resources: is ASEAN there yet?

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Jane G. Payumo ◽  
Raymond Jussaume ◽  
Howard D. Grimes
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Unique Model ◽  
Equitable Sharing ◽  
Asean Countries

The treatment of traditional knowledge (TK) and plant genetic resources is timely international topics for debate with the focus on preventing the misappropriation and misuse of these resources, and on promoting the equitable sharing of benefits that arise from utilization and commercialization. In this paper, the initiatives of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and its member countries toward safeguarding TK associated with plant genetic resources are reviewed. While Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines have national frameworks in place for the protection of TK and plant genetic resources, other ASEAN member countries do not. In addition, true regional cooperation among ASEAN countries in the area of TK and plant genetic resources has yet to be realized. After a review of these cases, this paper will argue that a single unique model or solution for all ASEAN member countries cannot meet the wide range of concerns and objectives that exist to protect TK and plant genetic resources. Instead, what is suggested is to create a mix of solutions to better handle TK and plant genetic resources issues.

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