scholarly journals Nationality, Ethnicity, and Solidarity: Respon Turki atas Perundingan Etnis Uighur

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Moh. Fathoni Hakim ◽  
Denimah Denimah ◽  
M. Zulfikar Ramadhan ◽  
Devy Febian Arisandy Bahtiar ◽  
Feryan Airlangga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ethnic Violence ◽  
Han Chinese Population ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Northwestern Region ◽  
Good Relation

Uighur is an ethnic group which originally come from the Turkestan clan, which is predominantly found in Central and Western Asia Regions. As a minority within the People's Republic of China northwestern region, Its existence often sparks negative stigma from the China government. They are labelled as separatist groups. Large-scale demonstrations in 2009, which eventually led to riots between Uighur and Han Chinese population in Xinjiang, managed to worsen the situation. As a country that has primordial ties with the Uighur, Turkey has responded to the issue of discrimination that befell the Uighur. Therefore, this problem could bring tension to both Turkey and China. Utilizing the concept of bilateral diplomacy, this paper aims to examine the extent of the Turkish government's response to the issue of ethnic violence in Xinjiang. The findings show that the Uighur issue has always overshadowed Turkey-China bilateral relations ever since Its rise. Despite the disagreement, both have maintained a relatively good relation.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis of the ACE Gene Polymorphism in Cerebral Infarction

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-miao Tao ◽  
Bei Shao ◽  
Guo-zhong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Han Chinese Population ◽  
Ace Gene

Background:The angiotensin-1 converting enzyme (ACE) gene is known to have two polymorphic alleles insertion/deletion(I/D). People with the DD genotype have been shown to be at greater risk of cerebral infarction, but only in some studies. Identification of cerebral infarction susceptibility genes and quantification of associated risks have been hampered by conflicting results from underpowered case-control studies. This meta-analysis was made to look specifically into the genetics of cerebral infarction among Han Chinese population.Methods:Genetic associations studies published from January 1, 1990 to December 30, 2007 were collected from databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CBM and CNKI. Data were extracted using standardised forms and pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.Results:Twenty-nine original case-control studies of Han Chinese population, comprising 3654 patients with cerebral infarction and 3058 controls were included in the meta-analysis. Using the random effects model, the pooled ORs of ACE DD genotype VS ID+ II was 1.91 (95% CI 1.56 to 2.34, P<0.00001).Conclusions:These data suggest that the ACE DD genotype may be a risk factor for cerebral infarction in Han Chinese population. A large scale case-control study is needed to clarify the functional effect of the polymorphism of the ACE I/D gene in the pathogenesis of cerebral infarction in Han Chinese population.

Genotype imputation and reference panel: a systematic evaluation on haplotype size and diversity

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1806-1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Yang Bai ◽  
Xiao-Wei Zhu ◽  
Pei-Kuan Cong ◽  
Xue-Jun Zhang ◽  
J Brent Richards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Population ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Imputation Accuracy ◽  
European Population ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Genotype Imputation ◽  
Reference Panel ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Han Chinese Population

Abstract Here, 622 imputations were conducted with 394 customized reference panels for Han Chinese and European populations. Besides validating the fact that imputation accuracy could always benefit from the increased panel size when the reference panel was population specific, the results brought two new thoughts. First, when the haplotype size of the reference panel was fixed, the imputation accuracy of common and low-frequency variants (Minor Allele Frequency (MAF) &gt; 0.5%) decreased while the population diversity of the reference panel increased, but for rare variants (MAF &lt; 0.5%), a small fraction of diversity in panel could improve imputation accuracy. Second, when the haplotype size of the reference panel was increased with extra population-diverse samples, the imputation accuracy of common variants (MAF &gt; 5%) for the European population could always benefit from the expanding sample size. However, for the Han Chinese population, the accuracy of all imputed variants reached the highest when reference panel contained a fraction of an extra diverse sample (8–21%). In addition, we evaluated the imputation performances in the existing reference panels, such as the Haplotype Reference Consortium (HRC), 1000 Genomes Project Phase 3 and the China, Oxford and Virginia Commonwealth University Experimental Research on Genetic Epidemiology (CONVERGE). For the European population, the HRC panel showed the best performance in our analysis. For the Han Chinese population, we proposed an optimum imputation reference panel constituent ratio if researchers would like to customize their own sequenced reference panel, but a high-quality and large-scale Chinese reference panel was still needed. Our findings could be generalized to the other populations with conservative genome; a tool was provided to investigate other populations of interest (https://github.com/Abyss-bai/reference-panel-reconstruction).

scholarly journals Genotype Imputation and Reference Panel: A Systematic Evaluation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Yang Bai ◽  
Xiao-Wei Zhu ◽  
Pei-Kuan Cong ◽  
Xue-Jun Zhang ◽  
J Brent Richards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Population ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Imputation Accuracy ◽  
European Population ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Reference Panel ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Han Chinese Population ◽  
European Populations

AbstractHere, 622 imputations were conducted with 394 customized reference panels for Han Chinese and European populations. Besides validating the fact that the imputation accuracy could always benefit from the increased panel size when the reference panel was population-specific, the results brought two new thoughts as follows. First, when the haplotype size of reference panel was fixed, the imputation accuracy of common and low-frequency variants (MAF>0.5%) decreased while the population-diversity of reference panel increased, but for rare variants (MAF<0.5%), a fraction of diversity (<20%) of panel could improve the imputation accuracy. Second, when the haplotype size of reference panel was increased with extra population-diverse samples, the imputation accuracy of common variants (MAF>5%) for European population could always benefit from the expanding sample size. But for Han Chinese population, the accuracy of all imputed variants reached the highest when reference panel contained a fraction of extra diverse sample (15%∼21%). In addition, we evaluated the existing reference panels such as the HRC and 1000G Phase3 and CONVERGE. For European population, HRC was the best reference panel. For Han Chinese population, we proposed an optimum constituent ratio for the Han Chinese imputation if researchers would like to customize their own sequenced reference panel, but a high quality and large-scale Chinese reference panel was still needed. Our findings could be generalized to the other populations with conservative genome, a tool was provided to investigate other populations of interest (https://github.com/Abyss-bai/reference-panel-reconstruction).Highlights (Key points)A total of 394 reference panels were designed and customized by three strategies, and large-scale genotype imputations were performed with these panels for systematic evaluation in Han Chinese and European populations.The accuracy of imputed variants reached the highest when reference panel contains a fraction of extra diverse sample (15%∼21%) for Han Chinese population, if the haplotype size of the reference panel was increased with extra samples, which is the most common cases.The imputation accuracy showed the different trends between Han Chinese and European populations. In a sense, the European genome may more diverse than Han Chinese genome by itself.Existing reference panels were not the best choice for Chinese imputation, a high quality and large-scale Chinese reference panel was still needed.

scholarly journals Association of Lipoprotein (a) variants with risk of cardiovascular disease: a Mendelian randomization study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Xia ◽  
Chunyue Guo ◽  
Kuo Liu ◽  
Yunyi Xie ◽  
Han Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Left Ventricular Mass Index ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Han Chinese Population ◽  
Internal Dimension

Abstract Background There is a well-documented empirical relationship between lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] and cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, causal evidence, especially from the Chinese population, is lacking. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the causal association between variants in genes affecting Lp(a) concentrations and CVD in people of Han Chinese ethnicity. Methods Two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was used to assess the causal effect of Lp(a) concentrations on the risk of CVD. Summary statistics for Lp(a) variants were obtained from 1256 individuals in the Cohort Study on Chronic Disease of Communities Natural Population in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. Data on associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and CVD were obtained from recently published genome-wide association studies. Results Thirteen SNPs associated with Lp(a) levels in the Han Chinese population were used as instrumental variables. Genetically elevated Lp(a) was inversely associated with the risk of atrial fibrillation [odds ratio (OR), 0.94; 95% confidence interval (95%CI), 0.901–0.987; P = 0.012)], the risk of arrhythmia (OR, 0.96; 95%CI, 0.941–0.990; P = 0.005), the left ventricular mass index (OR, 0.97; 95%CI, 0.949–1.000; P = 0.048), and the left ventricular internal dimension in diastole (OR, 0.97; 95%CI, 0.950–0.997; P = 0.028) according to the inverse-variance weighted method. No significant association was observed for congestive heart failure (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.950–1.038; P = 0.766), ischemic stroke (OR, 1.01; 95%CI, 0.981–1.046; P = 0.422), and left ventricular internal dimension in systole (OR, 0.98; 95%CI, 0.960–1.009; P = 0.214). Conclusions This study provided evidence that genetically elevated Lp(a) was inversely associated with atrial fibrillation, arrhythmia, the left ventricular mass index and the left ventricular internal dimension in diastole, but not with congestive heart failure, ischemic stroke, and the left ventricular internal dimension in systole in the Han Chinese population. Further research is needed to identify the mechanism underlying these results and determine whether genetically elevated Lp(a) increases the risk of coronary heart disease or other CVD subtypes.

Common variants in IL17F gene contributed to the risk of hip osteoarthritis susceptibility in Han Chinese population

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1050-1056
Author(s):  
Tianyun Zhao ◽  
Chi Ma ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Bin Zhao ◽  
Baopin Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Population ◽  
Hip Osteoarthritis ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Common Variants ◽  
Han Chinese Population

scholarly journals Role of CASP7 polymorphisms in noise-induced hearing loss risk in Han Chinese population

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanmei Ruan ◽  
Jinwei Zhang ◽  
Shiqi Mai ◽  
Wenfeng Zeng ◽  
Lili Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Noise Induced Hearing Loss ◽  
Han Chinese Population ◽  
Hearing Thresholds ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractGenetic factors and gene-environment interaction may play an important role in the development of noise induced hearing loss (NIHL). 191 cases and 191 controls were selected by case–control study. Among them, case groups were screened from workers exposed to noise in binaural high-frequency hearing thresholds greater than 25 dB (A). Workers with hearing thresholds ≤ 25 dB (A) in any binaural frequency band were selected to the control group, based on matching factors such as age, exposure time to noise, and operating position. The blood samples from two groups of workers were subjected to DNA extraction and SNP sequencing of CASP3 and CASP7 genes using the polymerase chain reaction ligase detection reaction method. Conditional logistic regression correction was used to analyze the genetic variation associated with susceptibility to NIHL. There was an association between rs2227310 and rs4353229 of the CASP7 gene and the risk of NIHL. Compared with the GG genotype, the CC genotype of rs2227310 reduced the risk of NIHL. Compared with CC genotype, the TT genotype of rs4353229 reduced the risk of NIHL. Workers carrying the rs2227310GG and rs4353229CC genotype had an increased risk of NIHL compared to workers without any high-risk genotype. There were additive interaction and multiplication interaction between CASP7rs2227310 and CNE, and the same interaction between CASP7rs4353229 and CNE. The interaction between the CASP7 gene and CNE significantly increased the risk of NIHL. The genetic polymorphisms of CASP7rs2227310GG and CASP7rs4353229CC were associated with an increased risk of NIHL in Han Chinese population and have the potential to act as biomarkers for noise-exposed workers.

scholarly journals The ANGPTL8 rs2278426 (C/T) Polymorphism Is Associated with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes in a Han Chinese Population in Hebei Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Guangsen Hou ◽  
Yong Tang ◽  
Luping Ren ◽  
Yunpeng Guan ◽  
Xiaoyu Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Hebei Province ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Han Chinese Population ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bonferroni Test

Background. Our aim was to investigate the association between the genetics of the angiopoietin protein-like 8 (ANGPTL8) rs2278426 (C/T) polymorphism with prediabetes (pre-DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in a Han Chinese population in Hebei Province, China. Methods. We enrolled 1,460 participants into this case-control study: healthy controls, n = 524; pre-DM, n = 460; and T2DM: n = 460. Ligase assays on blood samples from all participants were used to identify polymorphisms. Differences in genotype and allele distributions were compared by the chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance, and a post hoc pairwise analysis was performed using the Bonferroni test. The logistic regression technique was adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index. Results. The frequency of the TT (10.9%) genotype was significantly higher in pre-DM patients than in controls (odds ratio [OR] = 1.696, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.026–2.802, P = 0.039 ). In the T2DM group, the CT (48%) and TT (15%) genotypes were significantly higher compared with those in the control group (CT : OR = 1.384, 95% CI = 1.013–1.890, P = 0.041 ; TT : OR = 2.530, 95% CI = 1.476–4.334, P = 0.001 ). The frequency of the T allele was significantly higher in the pre-DM (32.8%) and T2DM (39%) groups compared with the control group (26.9%) and was significantly associated with an increased risk of pre-DM (OR = 1.253, 95% CI = 1.017–1.544, P = 0.034 ) and T2DM (OR = 1.518, 95% CI = 1.214–1.897, P = 0.001 ). Furthermore, insulin levels in the pre-DM and T2DM groups were significantly decreased in those with the TT genotype compared with the CC and CT genotypes. Conclusion. ANGPTL8 rs2278426 may be involved in the mechanism of insulin secretion and could lead to an increased risk of pre-DM and T2DM.

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