scholarly journals Pediatric Air Gunshot Penetrating Head Injury with Good Outcome: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Yusriandi Ramadhan ◽  
Zainal Abidin ◽  
Ardik Lahdimawan Lahdimawan
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Lateral Ventricle ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Left Lateral Ventricle ◽  
Air Gun ◽  
Perifocal Edema ◽  
Gun Shot ◽  
The Brain

Abstract: Ball bearing (BB) and pellet guns are non-power guns but their related injuries have been reported worldwide. They represent a significant cause of injury especially among children and teenagers. Their potentially harmful and lethal effects have been well documented in the medical literature since the early 1980s. Fatality rate is closely related to the damaged part of the brain and the level of the damage. In this Case Report we documented a 6-years-old girl was getting shot at the head by herself, who initially want to play around, using her neighbour’s Air gun rifle. The pellet trajectory passed through the left frontal lobe, left temporal lobe, left posterior putamen, posteriorly left crus posterior of internal capsule, left occipital horn of lateral ventricle, left occipital lobe, and ended at left cerebral falx between both medial surfaces of occipital lobes. Directional slope of the pellet was medially upward, with its tracking left Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) with perifocal edema and Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH) dominant in the left lateral ventricle. After 8 days management, the patient was discharged from our hospital with stable condition, GCS 15 without any significant neurological deficits. Intracranial intracerebral pellet due to air gun shot injury, may have fatal and lethal manifestation if the pellet damage the eloquent area and/or deep area of the brain (hypothalamus, thalamus and brain stem). If accessible the foreign body or pellet should be removed immediately for better outcome. Keywords: Head Injury, Air Gun Shot, Intracerebral Haemorrhage

Giant syringobulbia associated with cerebellopontine angle arachnoid cyst and hydrocephalus

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Muroi ◽  
Nigel Peter Syms ◽  
Shizuo Oi
Keyword(s):  
Arachnoid Cyst ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Lateral Ventricle ◽  
Cerebellopontine Angle ◽  
External Ventricular Drainage ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Ventricular Catheter ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Diversion ◽  
Left Lateral Ventricle ◽  
The Brain

The aim in reporting this case was to discuss the pathophysiology and treatment issues in an infant with a giant syringobulbia associated with a right cerebellopontine angle (CPA) arachnoid cyst causing noncommunicating hydrocephalus. This 7-month-old infant presented to the hospital with a history of delayed milestones and an abnormal increase in head circumference. Magnetic resonance images and CT scans of the brain showed a large CSF cavity involving the entire brainstem and a right CPA arachnoid cyst causing obstruction of the fourth ventricle and dilation of the lateral and third ventricles. Cerebrospinal fluid diversion was performed by direct communication from the syringobulbia cavity to the left lateral ventricle and from the left lateral ventricle through another ventricular catheter; external ventricular drainage was performed temporarily for 5 days. Communication between the syrinx and arachnoid cyst was confirmed. Clinically, there was a reduction in head circumference, and serial MR imaging of the brain showed a decrease in the size of the syrinx cavity and the ventricle along with opening of the normal CSF pathways. The postoperative course was uneventful, and no further intervention was necessary. On follow-up of the child at 3 years, his developmental milestones were normal. Surgical intervention for this condition is mandatory. The appropriate type of surgery should be performed on the basis of the pathophysiology of the developing syringobulbia.

scholarly journals Head Injury and Mental Handicap

1983 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 545-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
E O Akuffo ◽  
P E Sylvester
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Pathological Study ◽  
Accidental Injury ◽  
Mental Handicap ◽  
Epileptic Patients ◽  
Non Accidental Injury ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stay Hospital

A clinical and pathological study of head injury and the implications in mental handicap are outlined. Non-accidental injury as a form of child abuse is suspected as contributing considerably to the cause of mental handicap in populations resident in long-stay hospital, but this is unlikely to be the best environment for such patients. A number of mentally handicapped epileptic patients who injure their heads during fits and patients who repeatedly bang their heads as a feature of self-injurious behaviour are exposed to progressive neurological deficits associated with lesions in the brain which could further impair the efficiency of brain function.

scholarly journals Recurrent post-partum rhombencephalitis associated with anti-centromere antibody: A case report

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Jin ◽  
Jean Mamelona ◽  
Byrne Harper ◽  
Alier Marrero
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Disease Case ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Rhombencephalitis (RE) is a serious condition of the brain with multiple etiologies. We report a unique case of recurrent, postpartum RE that is associated with positive anti-centromere antibody (ACA). A discussion of the case, current literature on autoimmune RE and related autoantibodies are reviewed. Case Presentation A healthy 33-year-old Caucasian patient (gravida 2, para 2) had two episodes of progressive focal neurological deficits during postpartum periods. Signs and symptoms included right-sided dysmetria, adiadochokinesia, weakness, ataxia, and photophobia. MRI revealed rhombencephalitis involving the mesencephalon. Extensive and comprehensive investigations using blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were consistently positive only for ACA. The first episode was successfully treated with empiric antimicrobial agents and steroid. Given the negative infectious work up with the prior episode and the nearly identical clinical presentations, the second episode was treated with corticosteroid only. This led to complete resolution of her symptoms and reversal of the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions. Conclusion To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of a primary autoimmune RE during postpartum period that is associated with ACA. Immunologic causes should be considered early with any encephalitis. Given the risk of recurrence, relapse, and neurologic deterioration, regular monitoring is recommended, especially for female patients of child-bearing age. Consistent with the current literature on autoimmune RE, steroid seems to be an effective treatment for ACA-associated RE. Keywords: Autoimmune disease, rhombencephalitis, anti-centromere antibody, connective tissue disease, case report

scholarly journals Paediatric Embryonal Tumours in Multilayered Rosettes Presenting as a Low Grade Glioma- An Unusual Case Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibhi Ganapathy ◽  
Nikunj Godhani
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Low Grade Glioma ◽  
World Health ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Grade Gliomas ◽  
Rare Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Embryonal Tumours ◽  
The Brain

Paediatric Embryonal Tumours in Multilayered Rosettes (ETMR) are rare aggressive tumours with poor survival statistics, defined in 2016 by World Health Organisation (WHO) classification of brain tumours. The tumours have a characteristic radiological appearance on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain, which is easily decipherable. This combined with a clinical picture of raised intracranial pressure symptoms, seizures and rapidly progressive new onset neurological deficits make the diagnosis fairly obvious. The final confirmation of the diagnosis is done by immunohistochemical analysis of the C19Myc gene alteration. Rarely, certain radiological presentations are uncharacteristic and resemble other more benign pathologies with overlapping clinical presentations. This can be misleading, as ETMRs require aggressive surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation to ensure best possible survival. We present such a case report of what appeared to be a low-grade glioma in the frontal lobe. This tumour presented with one episode of generalised tonic clonic seizures not unusual as a presenting complaint in low-grade gliomas per se. Surgical debulking under ultrasonic guidance was done and the specimen was sent to histopathological analysis. The histopathological analysis showed a surprise ETMR diagnosis which was sent for confirmation to two other centers. This case report highlights the need to keep ETMRs as a rare differential diagnosis for even low-grade gliomas of the brain, thereby allowing accurate prognostication only after histopathological and immunohistochemical assessment. We present a brief literature review on unusual presentations of ETMRs reported in literature to further illustrate the chimeric nature of this rare disease.

scholarly journals Watch out for the special location of intraventricular silicone oil following an intraocular tamponade - a 10-year follow-up case report based on CT/MRI

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juntao Cao ◽  
Lianlong Bian ◽  
Pengpeng Zhou ◽  
Jianchun Tu
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Ventricle ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Anterior Horn ◽  
The Real ◽  
Left Lateral Ventricle ◽  
Intraocular Tamponade ◽  
Special Location ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Intraventricular silicone oil is a relatively rare complication resulted from silicone oil tamponade to treat retinal detachment. It is occasionally reported in previous literature. To the best of our knowledge, the long-term longitudinal comparisons of silicone oil both in the brain and in the postoperative eyeball based on CT/MRI were lacking, and intraventricular silicone oil accumulation beside lesions has been reported rarely. Case presentation A 63-year-old male patient underwent an intraocular tamponade with silicone oil in June 2009. Eight CT examinations and 2 MRI examinations were acquired between 2011 and 2018.The changes of silicone oil in the brain in CT/MRI as below: Silicone oil initially migration to bilateral lateral ventricular anterior horn was found in November 2011, it was aslo found at right side of suprasellar cisterna, and there was no change in location 6 h later; Silicone oil at the anterior horn of right lateral ventricle disappeared but remained at left lateral ventricle and right side of suprasellar cisterna in July 2014, and there was no change in location in a short-term reexamination. It was found at the middle of left lateral ventricle (adjacent to the real cause) in march 2018, but disappeared 3 months later, while remained at anterior horn of left lateral ventricular and right side of suprasellar cisterna all the time. There was no change in location in the next 2 follow-up (September and October in 2018). The CT values of silicone oil distributed throughout the brain were dynamically changed with time. Conclusion It is important to recognize intraventricular silicone oil in a particular location.More important is to discover “the real murderer”, which is the main cause of symptoms in the vicinity of special location. Moreover, the migration of silicone oil between eyeball and brain may not be always in a single direction.

scholarly journals Intraventricular recurrence of a craniopharyngioma: case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-396
Author(s):  
Jaclyn J. Renfrow ◽  
Garret P. Greeneway ◽  
Lacey Carter ◽  
Daniel E. Couture
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Lateral Ventricle ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
External Beam Radiation ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Left Lateral Ventricle ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngioma

Craniopharyngiomas frequently recur locally or less commonly along the path of prior resection. Ectopic recurrence is rare, although cases are reported along the neuraxis spanning from the subgaleal space down to the S1 nerve root. This case reports on a girl with a history of craniopharyngioma first resected at 23 months of age with two local suprasellar recurrences managed with repeat craniotomy and external beam radiation therapy. At age 14 she complained of worsening headaches and brain MRI demonstrated an enhancing 1.2-cm cystic lesion in the posterior body of the left lateral ventricle. Pathology following endoscopic resection of the lesion was consistent with an adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma. This case report serves to describe the first reported recurrence of a craniopharyngioma in the lateral ventricle and emphasizes the need for a high index of suspicion along with long-term follow-up of patients with a history of craniopharyngioma.

scholarly journals Rare acute idiopathic subdural hematoma: A case report and literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Adilson de Oliveira ◽  
Wellingson da Silva Paiva ◽  
Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Acute Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Acute Epidural Hematoma ◽  
Work Up ◽  
The Brain

Background: Acute spontaneous subdural hematoma is rare. For patients under 40 years of age, we found only five previous reports. Here, we have presented a sixth case study. Case Description: A 27-year-old male initially presented with a high-intensity headache without any neurological deficits. The brain computed tomography revealed a left frontoparietal lesion, consistent with an acute epidural hematoma. However, the bone window examination showed no fracture, and at surgery, this lesion proved to be an acute subdural hematoma. Additional studies, including cerebral angiography, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and a complete coagulation work-up, were all negative. Conclusion: This case report and literature review focused on the rarity of acute idiopathic/spontaneous subdural hematomas.

scholarly journals CT Scan importance in the first eight hours of head injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 766
Author(s):  
Mohammed Alfageeh ◽  
Moneerah Bahran ◽  
Sultan Albargi ◽  
Ibrahim Althomali ◽  
Adnan Alzahrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
The Brain

Traumatic brain injury following head injury is a major public health problem that can result in significant long-term morbidity and mortality among adults and children worldwide. Emergency brain imaging is necessary for individuals subjected to traumatic brain injury to early detect treatable conditions. Prompt neurosurgical management of treatable conditions can prevent further damage and secondary neurological deficits. This will subsequently improve the outcome and reduce long-term disability. Computed Tomography (CT) of the brain is the investigation of choice for assessment of patients with head injury due to its availability, advantages, and sensitivity for multiple lesions following head trauma. This article will review and discuss the importance of CT imaging in evaluating patients with traumatic brain injury, its advantages, limitations, and prognostic values.

scholarly journals Paramedian transparietal approach to a dominant hemisphere intraventricular meningioma: illustrative case

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Andrews ◽  
Tarun Arora ◽  
Philip Theodosopoulos ◽  
Mitchel S. Berger
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Ventricle ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Dominant Hemisphere ◽  
Fiber Tracts ◽  
Left Lateral Ventricle ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Oblique Approach

BACKGROUND Meningiomas of the atrium of the lateral ventricle present a unique operative challenge. Parietal transcortical approaches have been described with an oblique approach, but a strictly paramedian approach may offer advantages in a dominant hemisphere atrial meningioma. OBSERVATIONS The patient presented with several weeks of intermittent headaches. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an enhancing intraventricular mass in the atrium of the left lateral ventricle. Three-dimensional reconstructions were created from a preoperative MRI, with 1-mm slices for neuronavigation. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was obtained, and tracts were reconstructed in the patient’s three-dimensional brainspace. DTI tractography delineated a paramedian transparietal corridor devoid of functional white matter tracks. The patient was positioned supine, in a semislouch position. A left parietal craniotomy was performed. Neuronavigation identified a gyrus posterior to the sensory cortex, anterior to the optic radiations and medial to superior longitudinal and arcuate fasciculus fiber tracts. The tumor was debulked to allow mobilization to coagulate capsular blood supply. Gross total resection was achieved. The patient was discharged postoperatively on day 3 without neurological deficits. LESSONS A paramedian transparietal approach to a dominant hemisphere meningioma of the lateral ventricle can be a safe and effective way to resect tumors in this anatomically unique operative corridor.

Dimethyl sulfoxide in the treatment of experimental brain compression

1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. de la Torre ◽  
D. W. Rowed ◽  
H. M. Kawanaga ◽  
S. Mullan
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brain Compression ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Forty rhesus monkeys were subjected to acute experimental head injury by extradural balloon compression of the brain. A critical endpoint in the compression was used to inject either saline, urea, or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). All saline-treated animals died. Ten of 15 urea-treated animals survived, while 14 of 15 DMSO-injected monkeys survived. The incidence of neurological deficits seen in survivors was four for urea and one for DMSO. It is concluded that DMSO is capable of modifying the mortality rate and posttraumatic sequelae of brain injury in the experimental model used.

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