scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE ERROR COMPONENTS OF LEVER TYPE FORCE-GENERATING MACHINES

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Olexander Tsiporenko
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Primary Standard ◽  
The State ◽  
National Standards ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Unit Size ◽  
Calibration Laboratories

The national standards are the basis of the technical base of the state metrological system. The developing of a na-tional primary standard of force unit solves such tasks as ensuring the uniformity of force measurements, transmitting the size of a unit of force with the required accuracy, metrological support of a large fleet of working standards and measuring instruments used in Ukraine. One of the main stages in the creation of the national standard is the development of a mathematical model of the process of reproducing the unit size of a physical quantity, namely N - Newton. The purpose of this study is to analyze the components of the error of force-generating installations of the multi-lever type, which are part of the national standard. Force generating installations used by calibration laboratories are usually traced to national standards through verification using precision force transducers. Calibration of force measuring instruments will typically be performed on these installations according to a documented procedure, such as ISO 376, and the components of error and uncertainty of calibration results will depend on the calibration and measurement capabilities of the unit size reproduction. Similarly, the uncertainty of the calibration of industrial force measuring in-struments will depend in part on the uncertainty contributing by the force measuring instrument, and the uncertainty of any subsequent force measurement will depend in part on the uncertainty associated with the reproduction of a unit of force, including national standard. It can be seen that the uncertainty of the final strength measurement depends on all previous stages of the measurement, and this work aims to make recommendations on how these contributions can be estimated. The purpose of this study is to analyze the components of the error of power plants of the multi-lever type, which are part of the state standard. The paper analyzes the method of reproduction, storage and transmission of the unit size, lever reinforcement installations, which can be used as reference metrological institutes and calibration laboratories. The basic principles of operation of the above reference installations are considered and the mathematical model of reproduction of the size of unit of force is created.

scholarly journals Research of the State Primary Standard of the unit of scaling factor of AC voltage up to 750/√3 kV

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Yurii Anokhin ◽  
Oleh Velychko
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Primary Standard ◽  
National Level ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Scaling Factor ◽  
The State ◽  
State Primary Standard ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Measurement Standards ◽  
Uncertainty Of Measurements

All electrical energy is produced, transmitted and distributed at high voltages. In this case, the measurement of the amount of electricity is carried out by electricity meters together with voltage transformers (VTs). The largest capacities are transmitted and distributed on power transmission lines of voltage of class 750 kV. In Ukraine there are about two hundred measuring VTs of class 750 kV. In addition, power facilities have been actively built recently, which will also require the installation of 750 kV transformers. Working VTs of substations for a class of 750 kV may have great weight and dimensions. Their height is 7 m and weight is 4000 kg. Working measurement standards have the same weight and dimensions. Therefore, obtaining the size of a physical quantity from the measurement standards of other countries is very difficult for two reasons: it is very difficult to transport such working measurement standards abroad; only a few countries have measuring instruments with a voltage of 750 kV. The purpose of the article is to highlight the results of researches of the State Primary Standard of the unit of scaling factor of alternating current (AC) voltage up to 750/√3 kV, in particular: formation of the composition of a set of measuring instruments for the reproduction of the unit of scaling factor; establishing a method for reproducing the unit of scaling factor; estimation of uncertainty of measurements and other metrological characteristics while transferring the unit of scaling factor. The article presents the results of the research of the newly established State Primary Standard of the unit of scaling factor of AC voltage up to 750/√3 kV, which are of great practical importance. Those researches are aimed at improving the metrological traceability of AC high-voltage at the national level. Keywords: AC high-voltage; measurement standard; measurement; calibration; uncertainty of measurement.

scholarly journals Some Aspects of the Implementation of Hierarchical Schemes and Traceability Chains of Measuring Instruments

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
I. Petryshyn ◽  
O. Bas
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Gaseous Medium ◽  
Primary Standard ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Uncertainty Relations ◽  
Traceability Chain ◽  
Hierarchical Scheme

The article is devoted to the problematic issue of the regulatory framework governing the procedure for transferring units of measurement from the state primary (national) standards to the working facilities of measuring equipment. This concerns the need for further application of existing verification schemes, which have exhausted themselves from the point of view of practical application, since they now concern only the lower link, that is, working measuring instruments to be verified. The authors proposed, in accordance with the current regulatory documents, to supplement the list of documents submitted to the commission when approving new state (national) standards of physical units in terms of including hierarchical schemes. The current DSTU OIML D 5 was also analyzed in detail, in terms of the need to ensure the uncertainty relations between the steps of the hierarchy pyramid. It has been substantiated that there is no need to deliberately degrade the metrological characteristics of the standards in order to maintain the established ratio, since this is an irrational approach. For example, the authors have developed a hierarchical scheme for measuring the volume and volume of gas flow in a gaseous medium at a pressure of up to 1.6 MPa, which is headed by the National (State) primary standard for units of volume and volume flow of gas in a gaseous medium at a pressure of up to 1.6 MPa. As a practical implementation of the hierarchical scheme, the traceability chain of the Pasichna calibration unit has been demonstrated, the calibration procedure of which is carried out using the Reynolds number balancing method.

scholarly journals PERAN PENGUKURAN, STANDARDISASI, PENGUJIAN DAN JAMINAN MUTU (MSTQ) DALAM USAHA PENINGKATAN MUTU

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Setyodewati Setyodewati
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
National Standards ◽  
The Other ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Testing Laboratories ◽  
Accepted Standard ◽  
The Government ◽  
Calibration Laboratories

<p>Measurement, Standardization, Testing and Quality Assurance (MSTQ) have important role in the recent development of industry, science and technology. Those four elements are interrelated, thus are measurement<br />without the accepted standard developed through National Standardization System is meaningless. Recently, most of calibration activities are carried out by private sector and their location are concentrated in Jakarta and<br />West Java. Most of them are focusing their calibration activities to the needs of their parent organizations, and the only small number of them also provides their calibration services to external customers. On the other hand, the number of testing laboratories increase faster as demand from the government for exported or imported products shall be tested by accredited testing laboratories as the application of mandatory national standards (SNI). Location testing laboratories widely spread in the country and their activities depend on the commodities of the region, for example, in the region those produce tea or coffee, there will be testing laboratories for tea and coffee. Scope of activities of calibration laboratories also focused on the measurement of mass, temperature, dimensional as most of Indonesian industries use the kind of measuring instruments for their processes.</p>

scholarly journals ON JUSTIFICATION OF QUALITY INDICATORS AND METHODS OF THEIR EVALUATION OF SPECIAL FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (161) ◽  
pp. 290-295
Author(s):  
V. Prisyajnyuk ◽  
S. Semychayevsky ◽  
M. Yakimenko ◽  
M. Osadchuk
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Emergency Service ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
The State ◽  
National Standards ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Technical Requirements

During the elimination of emergencies, fires and their consequences, units of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine work in a specific environment, which is due to adverse factors affecting them. Fire hazards are manifestations that cause or may lead to burns, poisoning by volatile combustion products or injury or death, causing material and other damage. Dangerous factors of fire include: fever, smoke, deterioration of the gas environment. To date, a number of different (both in terms of technical characteristics and type) special protective equipment is used to perform the tasks assigned by the State Emergency Service of Ukraine, which may not always protect the firefighter from the effects of certain dangerous factors that occur in a fire. The current national standards in Ukraine set only the minimum technical requirements for such equipment, which are insufficient to identify substandard products that fall into the equipment of these units. Therefore, in order to prevent the use of such low-quality protective equipment, it is necessary to study all possible risks and dangers that arise during emergency response by the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and develop reasonable requirements for special protective equipment and appropriate test methods. The above determines the relevance of the study aimed at implementing in Ukraine modern requirements for quality indicators of special protective equipment for firefighters, methods and procedures for their evaluation. This is necessary to implement the requirements of the Technical Regulations for construction products, buildings and structures in order to ensure the safety of rescue teams during firefighting. In order to assist in solving this problem at the Institute of Public Administration and Research on Civil Protection by order of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine plans to conduct research on "Substantiation of quality indicators and methods of assessing special protective equipment firefighter" (topic code: Protective equipment - indicators quality "), which will develop a draft national standard of Ukraine, which sets requirements for quality indicators of special protective equipment for firefighters, methods and procedures for their evaluation.

Research on expanding the range of reproduction of magnetic flux density of the DC field of the state primary standard GET12-2011

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Vladlen Ya. Shifrin ◽  
Denis I. Belyakov ◽  
Alexander E. Shilov ◽  
Denis D. Kosenko
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Magnetic Induction ◽  
Frequency Conversion ◽  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Primary Standard ◽  
Uncertainty Budget ◽  
The State ◽  
State Primary Standard ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Constant Field

The results of works aimed at increasing the level of uniformity of measurements of the magnetic induction of a constant field – the basic value in the field of magnetic measurements. A set of equipment for reproducing a unit of magnetic induction of a constant field in the range of 1–25 mT was created and described. The inclusion of this complex in the State primary standard of units of magnetic induction, magnetic flux, magnetic moment and magnetic induction gradient GET 12-2011 will ensure the reproduction and direct transmission of the unit of permanent magnetic induction in the ranges of not only weak (10–3–1 mT), but medium (1–25 mT) and strong (0.025–1 T) magnetic fields. A quantum cesium magnetometer based on the resolved structure of cesium atoms was created to transmit the unit of magnetic induction to the region of medium fields. The procedure for calculating the frequency conversion coefficients to magnetic induction of the created quantum cesium magnetometer is described. The uncertainty budget for reproducing a unit of magnetic induction of a constant field using the created complex is estimated.

Status and development prospects of standard means for reproducing units of volumetric activity of radon and thoron and radon flux density from the soil surface

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
S.G. Birjukov ◽  
O.I. Kovalenko ◽  
A.A. Orlov
Keyword(s):  
Flux Density ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Volumetric Activity ◽  
Standard Means ◽  
Radon Flux ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Development Prospects ◽  
Physical Principles

The approach to creating standard means for reproducing units of volumetric activity of radon and thoron and flux density of radon from the soil surface is described based on the physical principles of reproducing these units of quantities and using as technical means for reproducing bubblers with a radioactive solution of radium salt, reference capacities of known volume, emanation chambers for generation of a toron, a gamma spectrometer with a semiconductor detector from highly pure germanium and radon radiometers. Reproduction consists in the physical realization of units in accordance with their definition as applied to the formation of radon and thoron in the radioactive rows of radium and thorium. The proposed approach will allow to determine the structural, structural and other technical solutions of standard measuring instruments, as well as specific techniques and methods of working with them. The creation of standard tools and technologies for reproducing units of volumetric activity of radon and thoron and the density of radon flux from the soil surface will ensure the unity and reliability of measurements in the field of ionizing radiation, traceability of units and bringing the characteristics of national standards in line with world achievements.

The working standard of the unit of power of electromagnetic waves in the frequency range from 37,5 to 220 GHz

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
A. V. Koudelny ◽  
I. M. Malay ◽  
V. A. Perepelkin ◽  
I. P. Chirkov
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Power ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Primary Standard ◽  
The State ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Working Standard ◽  
Extended Frequency Range ◽  
Effective Efficiency ◽  
Extended Frequency ◽  
Good Agreement

The possibility of using bolometric converters of microwave power from the State primary standard of the unit of power of electromagnetic waves in waveguide and coaxial paths GET 167-2017, which has a frequency range from 37,5 to 78,33 GHz, in an extended frequency range up to 220 GHz, is shown. Studies of semiconductor bolometric converters of microwave power in an extended frequency range have confirmed good agreement and smooth frequency characteristics of the effective efficiency factor of the converters. Based on the research results, the State working standard of the unit of power of electromagnetic waves of 0,1–10 mW in the frequency range from 37,5 to 220 GHz 3.1.ZZT.0288.2018 was approved. The technical characteristics of the working standard of the unit of power of electromagnetic oscillations in an extended frequency range from 37,5 to 220 GHz are given.

scholarly journals Nonlinear modelling of the seismic response of masonry structures: Calibration strategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Maria D’Altri ◽  
Francesco Cannizzaro ◽  
Massimo Petracca ◽  
Diego Alejandro Talledo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Shear Stiffness ◽  
Model Material ◽  
National Standards ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Nonlinear Modelling ◽  
Various Boundary Conditions ◽  
Panel Stiffness

AbstractIn this paper, a simple and practitioners-friendly calibration strategy to consistently link target panel-scale mechanical properties (that can be found in national standards) to model material-scale mechanical properties is presented. Simple masonry panel geometries, with various boundary conditions, are utilized to test numerical models and calibrate their mechanical properties. The calibration is successfully conducted through five different numerical models (most of them available in commercial software packages) suitable for nonlinear modelling of masonry structures, using nonlinear static analyses. Firstly, the panel stiffness calibration is performed, focusing the attention to the shear stiffness. Secondly, the panel strength calibration is conducted for several axial load ratios by attempts using as reference the target panel strength deduced by well-known analytical strength criteria. The results in terms of panel strength for the five different models show that this calibration strategy appears effective in obtaining model properties coherent with Italian National Standard and Eurocode. Open issues remain for the calibration of the post-peak response of masonry panels, which still appears highly conventional in the standards.

scholarly journals Modelling the impact of delaying vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 assuming unlimited vaccine supply

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Amaku ◽  
Dimas Tadeu Covas ◽  
Francisco Antonio Bezerra Coutinho ◽  
Raymundo Soares Azevedo ◽  
Eduardo Massad
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The World ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background At the moment we have more than 177 million cases and 3.8 million deaths (as of June 2021) around the world and vaccination represents the only hope to control the pandemic. Imperfections in planning vaccine acquisition and difficulties in implementing distribution among the population, however, have hampered the control of the virus so far. Methods We propose a new mathematical model to estimate the impact of vaccination delay against the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the number of cases and deaths due to the disease in Brazil. We apply the model to Brazil as a whole and to the State of Sao Paulo, the most affected by COVID-19 in Brazil. We simulated the model for the populations of the State of Sao Paulo and Brazil as a whole, varying the scenarios related to vaccine efficacy and compliance from the populations. Results The model projects that, in the absence of vaccination, almost 170 thousand deaths and more than 350 thousand deaths will occur by the end of 2021 for Sao Paulo and Brazil, respectively. If in contrast, Sao Paulo and Brazil had enough vaccine supply and so started a vaccination campaign in January with the maximum vaccination rate, compliance and efficacy, they could have averted more than 112 thousand deaths and 127 thousand deaths, respectively. In addition, for each month of delay the number of deaths increases monotonically in a logarithmic fashion, for both the State of Sao Paulo and Brazil as a whole. Conclusions Our model shows that the current delay in the vaccination schedules that is observed in many countries has serious consequences in terms of mortality by the disease and should serve as an alert to health authorities to speed the process up such that the highest number of people to be immunized is reached in the shortest period of time.

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