scholarly journals Made In China 2025 and New Trends of Entrepreneurship Education of China: A Socio-Economic-Educational Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyun Wu ◽  
Spencer A. Benson
Keyword(s):  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Educational Perspective ◽  
Made In China ◽  
Future Economic Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

The importance of entrepreneurship for economic growth and job creation has gained wide acceptance around the world. The Chinese government is dedicated to innovation and entrepreneurship, realizing the critical importance in meeting this dual purpose lies in entrepreneurship education (EE) and its integration across the government, academic and business sectors. This paper outlines the emergence of entrepreneurship and the emerging trends in EE of China by looking at the past and present of China’s economy, education and government policies through a socio-economic-educational perspective. It focuses on Made In China 2025, an important 10-year national plan, that outlines China’s objectives in future economic development, and the future directions for China’s EE. By looking at past and emerging trends this study presents a historical and current picture of EE within China. The socio-economic-educational perspective of this study results in the following observations: the change from government programmed economy to a more open briskness driven economy, the close relationship between China’s reform in economy and education, the impact of government policies and mandates on China’s entrepreneurship education, EE in China, a new facet of China’s education reform, which has moved from education for the elite to the masses, and lastly, Made In China 2025’s call for innovation and reform in educational practices of EE in China. The application of a socio-economic-educational perspective provides for broader and deeper insights into the direction for the further development of EE in China.

Platform Capitalism ‘Made in China’? Intelligent Manufacturing, Taobao Villages and the Restructuring of Work

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boy Lüthje
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Manufacturing ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Social Shaping Of Technology ◽  
Social Shaping ◽  
Made In China ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Conditions Of Employment ◽  
Made In

The article examines the development of advanced digital manufacturing (as outlined in the ‘Made-in-China 2025’ government plan) from the perspective of the changing socio-technical paradigms of production. The analysis focuses on the transformations of value chains and work, based on theories of social shaping of technology, regulation theory and regimes of production. Analytically, the author proposes to distinguish between ‘production-driven’ and ‘distribution-driven’ pathways of manufacturing digitalisation. The transformation of semi-rural industrial areas (‘Taobao villages’, named after China’s largest e-commerce platform Taobao) into mass production clusters for e-commerce is depicted as a paradigmatic model of distribution-driven transformation and as a characteristic Chinese strategy in this field. The article examines the impact on industry supply chains and work, leading to ever-more precarious conditions of employment. Policy recommendations focus on local strategies to stabilise supply chain structures and working conditions, as an alternative to the present top-down approaches to manufacturing modernisation in China.

scholarly journals An Empirical Study on the Key Factors of Intelligent Upgrade of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengxin Wang ◽  
Minghuan Shou ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Ruinan Dai ◽  
Keqian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Labor Cost ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Policy Environment ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
New Type ◽  
Made In China ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Major Industry ◽  
Made In

Promoting the intelligent upgrades of small and medium-sized enterprises is one of the important tasks of implementing “Made in China 2025” in China. As a front runner of nation-level reform, Zhejiang Province has provided much room for innovation and development, along with the emergence of a new type of ecology, accelerated formation of two ecosystems and international cooperation, and a supportive policy environment. Therefore, this paper uses 173 Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) from Zhejiang Province as the research objects, builds a binary selection model, and analyzes the dynamic and constraining mechanism of intelligent upgrades of SMEs with regard to employee qualification, technology, capital, policy environment, and so on. The study finds that: First, among three main industries, manufacturing is the major industry for the intelligent upgrades of SMEs and there are significant demonstration effects and industry heterogeneity. Secondly, the willingness to upgrade intelligently for SMEs is relatively strong. More than half of SMEs that have not intelligently upgraded show willingness to implement intelligent upgrades. Thirdly, factors such as corporate profitability, human capital quality, and industry intelligence level have significantly promoted the intelligent upgrades of SMEs, while the impact of labor cost, capital structure, government subsidies, and other variables are not significant. This conclusion still works after a number of robustness tests. Last but not least, based on the above conclusions, this paper proposes corresponding policy recommendations which are practically beneficial to the development of SMEs in China.

scholarly journals The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on retailer performance: empirical evidence from India

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Amgad S.D. Khaled ◽  
Nabil Mohamed Alabsy ◽  
Eissa A. Al-Homaidi ◽  
Abdulmalek M.M. Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brand Protection ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Current Reality

The study aims to synthesize the challenges that retailers are facing during the COVID-19 emergency. The research is definitive, informative, and based on a single design of cross-sectional research. Quantitative data based on the research instrument were produced (a questionnaire). Five hundred responses were collected from employees of major retail stores in India. Retailer performance is considered a dependent variable, whereas employee well-being, customer and brand protection, use of technology, government policies, and supply chain are used as independent variables. The current study results indicated that employee well-being and government policies have a significant positive impact on retailer performance, while customer and brand protection, use of technology, and supply chain have a significant positive impact on retailers’ performance. This study will help retailers develop strategies for their employees to protect them and understand that technology is needed in the new normal times. This study highlights the need to be flexible in executing strategic strategies, but retailers need to develop comprehensive action plans, including selecting managers of initiative and defining goals and deadlines. Provided that retailers’ current reality is different from the old normal, no time is lost in taking audacious action.

US moves against Chinese technology may backfire

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Investment Policies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chinese Investment ◽  
Made In China ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

Subject The impact of US tariffs on China's Made In China 2025 industrial policy framework. Significance 'Made in China 2025' has become a byword for US grievances against China's trade and investment policies. US tariffs against Chinese products are primarily aimed not at trimming the bilateral trade deficit, but at forcing China to abandon policies by which it hopes to challenge the US position as the global high-tech leader. As such, the tariffs target the high-tech sectors Beijing seeks to develop. Impacts China will step up efforts to reduce reliance on US suppliers. Washington may press other countries to block Chinese investment or supplies of key components. China will seek greater high-tech cooperation with Russia; Russia will oblige. China may make greater use of cyberattacks in order to obtain advanced US technology.

The crisis of social reproduction and 'Made-in-China' feminism

Soundings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (79) ◽  
pp. 10-23
Author(s):  
Yige Dong
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Made In China ◽  
Made In

Crises of care and social reproduction have led to new debates and social movements around the world, but there has been little scholarly scrutiny in the global North on these issues as they are unfolding in China. Facing rapid population ageing and historically low birth rates, the Chinese government believes the country is suffering from a demographic crisis. Yet, the so-called population question is fundamentally a political one: who is bearing the brunt of biologically and socially reproducing the Chinese labour force who have fuelled the Chinese economy in the last four decades? As this essay unpacks, the country's long-existing urban-rural divide and the unchecked patriarchal-capitalist mode of accumulation have produced uneven consequences among different social groups, intersectionally defined by class, gender and urban/rural citizenship, and thus have exacerbated existing inequalities. Rural migrants and the urban poor, mostly women, have become domestic servants for urban middle-class families, at the cost of their own well-being and of their families and communities. Across social classes, Chinese women are making their voices heard and taking actions to protest against systemic appropriation and exploitation of their care and reproductive labour, in what is a hostile political environment. Ranging from organised protests to individuals' spontaneous complaints, 'made-in-China' feminism can shed new light on future feminist movements and solidarity building with feminists in the international community.

scholarly journals The Impact of TBT and SPS Measures on Japanese and Korean Exports to China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 6141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Wood ◽  
Jie Wu ◽  
Yilin Li ◽  
Jungsuk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Coverage Ratio ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Dummy Variable ◽  
Frequency Index ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures ◽  
Made In China ◽  
The Impact

(1) Background: As countries with troubled histories, China, Japan, and Korea have, in recent times, attempted to overcome political and economic differences in a bid to forge strong trade relationships. However, Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) have emerged in recent times, which has the potential to complicate matters. (2) Method: Our study analyzes the impact that two forms of NTM, technical barriers to trade (TBT) and sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS), have on Japanese and Korean exports to China. In order to effectively measure their impact, we utilize a modified version of the Gravity model and the Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood method (PPML). Using three measures (coverage ratio, frequency index, and the dummy variable) to determine their impact, our study displayed a range of findings. (3) Results: The key results from our study showed that from a coverage ratio perspective, our research clearly demonstrates that Chinese TBT measures, reduce Japan and Korea’s manufacturing and total exports as a whole, while Chinese SPS measures encourage Korean agricultural exports. Moreover, the frequency index results and dummy variable estimations in the main also supported the coverage ratio findings with SPS measures promoting Korean agricultural goods exports. (4) Conclusions: Our research highlights the important role the TBT measures have played to shelter China’s emerging industrial sector from the rigors of highly competitive Korean and Japanese exporters. In doing so, the Chinese government is able to actively pursue some of its key sustainable development strategies such as “Made in China 2025” and “Industrial 4.0”.

Wuhan lockdown will leave mark on China’s tech sector

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Large Fibre ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Made In China ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Made In

Subject The impact of the Wuhan COVID-19 lockdown on China's high-tech development plans. Significance The city of Wuhan -- the origin and epicentre of the COVID-19 epidemic, and target of the country’s longest and most severe lockdown -- plays a significant role in the China’s Made In China 2025 plan to develop indigenous high-tech industries. Impacts Wuhan will suffer long-lasting stigma as the origin of COVID-19, which may affect its ability to compete with other tech hubs for talent. The city’s large fibre-optic sector may in the long run lose out from efforts by customers to diversify their suppliers. Tech firms are likely to be made a priority in government recovery spending. Key people in strategic sectors may have got priority medical treatment, but COVID-19 may still adversely affect the high-tech workforce.

scholarly journals Research on the influence of the COVID-19 epidemic on work stress of returning workers in China: A study based on empirical analyses of industrial enterprises

Work ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
Qiang Yang ◽  
Jiale Huo ◽  
Jiang Li ◽  
Yushi Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Perceived Organizational Support ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 epidemic not only cast a shadow on China’s economic development but also caused phased panic and anxiety among the Chinese population. At the stage when the spread of the epidemic is not completely controlled, the business activities will surely cause employees to worry and produce a work stress reaction. OBJECTIVE: This study explores the impact of psychosocial stress caused by the COVID-19 epidemic on the work stress of returned workers. Furthermore, we explore the boundary conditions for reducing work stress from the perspectives of perceived organizational support, perceived social support and epidemic awareness. METHODS: Data were collected within two weeks after the Chinese government announced the work resumption of industrial enterprises. During this period, 526 returned workers participated in the study. RESULTS: The results showed that the psychosocial stress caused by the epidemic had a positive impact on work stress. Both perceived organizational support and perceived that social support can alleviate the impact of psychosocial stress on work stress. The moderating effect of epidemic awareness was only established in non-severe epidemic areas. CONCLUSIONS: In the current period of the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic, the conclusions of this study have a certain theoretical significance and practical value.

An Analysis of the Trade Barriers to the Chinese Cultural Trade

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
Jingchen Jiang ◽  
Yanqing Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Brighter Future ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Limited Scope ◽  
Made In

Chinese cultural trade possesses great developing potential. However, the strengths of Chinese cultural trade are hindered by barriers either set by other countries or induced by inherent differences. Although it is impossible to completely eliminate the effects of such trade barriers, yet efforts can be made in improving product quality, reforming government policies, perfecting human resources and designing marketing strategies, in order to alleviate the negative impacts of trade barriers. Given the limited scope of the present study, there are still many other crucial factors that are left out of the discussion of this paper, such as the influence of treaties in the WTO and the relationship between China and other countries. However, the unrelenting endeavor of the Chinese government and Chinese companies is sure to be paid off and Chinese cultural trade will embrace a brighter future.

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