Grape berry development : A review

OENO One ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paraskevi Diakou-Verdin ◽  
Jean-Pierre Carde ◽  
Jean-Pierre Gaudillère ◽  
François Barrieu ◽  
Nathalie Ollat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Berry Development ◽  
Growth Structure ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Highly Sensitive

<p style="text-align: justify;">Grape berry development is reviewed with special focus on berry growth, structure, substances imported, organic acid and sugar metabolism. Berry growth is divided into two growth periods. Berry structure and ultra structure are adapted to sink function. Exocarp cells are characterized by intensive metabolic capacities, flesh cells by a storage role. Early growth is highly sensitive to internal and external parameters. Berry size is largely defined during the first growth period. After "véraison", the berry becomes a major storage sink. Many changes occur in berry metabolism and gene expression. Genomic researches are promising to elucidate the mechanisms of berry development.</p>

scholarly journals Enzyme activities and gene expression of starch metabolism provide insights into grape berry development

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xudong Zhu ◽  
Chaobo Zhang ◽  
Weimin Wu ◽  
Xiaopeng Li ◽  
Chuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Berry Development ◽  
Starch Metabolism

scholarly journals Transcriptomic analysis of grape berry softening during ripening

OENO One ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Glissant ◽  
Fabienne Dédaldéchamp ◽  
Serge Delrot
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Berry Development ◽  
Cell Wall Metabolism ◽  
Study Gene Expression ◽  
Berry Ripening

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong>: The aim of this paper was to use recent transcriptomic tools available for grape in order to understand berry softening.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: A microarray bearing specific 50 mer oligonucleotide for 3,200 genes was used to study gene expression along 8 stages of berry development in Chardonnay and Shiraz berries. Transcripts corresponding to aquaporin genes and to genes involved in cell wall metabolism were studied in detail and ranked according to their pattern of expression.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Several structural and regulatory genes whose expression pattern correlated with the late phases of ripening were identified. Significance and impact of study: This study provides a preliminary molecular basis to identify molecular markers of berry ripening.</p>

scholarly journals X chromosome-dependent disruption of placental regulatory networks in hybrid dwarf hamsters

Genetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas D Brekke ◽  
Emily C Moore ◽  
Shane C Campbell-Staton ◽  
Colin M Callahan ◽  
Zachary A Cheviron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
First And Second Generation

AbstractEmbryonic development in mammals is highly sensitive to changes in gene expression within the placenta. The placenta is also highly enriched for genes showing parent-of-origin or imprinted expression, which is predicted to evolve rapidly in response to parental conflict. However, little is known about the evolution of placental gene expression, or if divergence of placental gene expression plays an important role in mammalian speciation. We used crosses between two species of dwarf hamsters (Phodopus sungorus and Phodopus campbelli) to examine the genetic and regulatory underpinnings of severe placental overgrowth in their hybrids. Using quantitative genetic mapping and mitochondrial substitution lines, we show that overgrowth of hybrid placentas was primarily caused by genetic differences on the maternally inherited P. sungorus X chromosome. Mitochondrial interactions did not contribute to abnormal hybrid placental development, and there was only weak correspondence between placental disruption and embryonic growth. Genome-wide analyses of placental transcriptomes from the parental species and first- and second-generation hybrids revealed a central group of co-expressed X-linked and autosomal genes that were highly enriched for maternally biased expression. Expression of this gene network was strongly correlated with placental size and showed widespread misexpression dependent on epistatic interactions with X-linked hybrid incompatibilities. Collectively, our results indicate that the X chromosome is likely to play a prominent role in the evolution of placental gene expression and the accumulation of hybrid developmental barriers between mammalian species.

scholarly journals Transversal gene expression panel to evaluate intestinal health in broiler chickens in different challenging conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Criado-Mesas ◽  
N. Abdelli ◽  
A. Noce ◽  
M. Farré ◽  
J. F. Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Nutrient Transport ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Barrier Failure ◽  
Expression Of Genes

AbstractThere is a high interest on gut health in poultry with special focus on consequences of the intestinal diseases, such as coccidiosis and C. perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis (NE). We developed a custom gene expression panel, which could provide a snapshot of gene expression variation under challenging conditions. Ileum gene expression studies were performed through high throughput reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. A deep review on the bibliography was done and genes related to intestinal health were selected for barrier function, immune response, oxidation, digestive hormones, nutrient transport, and metabolism. The panel was firstly tested by using a nutritional/Clostridium perfringens model of intestinal barrier failure (induced using commercial reused litter and wheat-based diets without exogenous supplementation of enzymes) and the consistency of results was evaluated by another experiment under a coccidiosis challenge (orally gavaged with a commercial coccidiosis vaccine, 90× vaccine dose). Growth traits and intestinal morphological analysis were performed to check the gut barrier failure occurrence. Results of ileum gene expression showed a higher expression in genes involved in barrier function and nutrient transport in chickens raised in healthy conditions, while genes involved in immune response presented higher expression in C.perfringens-challenged birds. On the other hand, the Eimeria challenge also altered the expression of genes related to barrier function and metabolism, and increased the expression of genes related to immune response and oxidative stress. The panel developed in the current study gives us an overview of genes and pathways involved in broiler response to pathogen challenge. It also allows us to deep into the study of differences in gene expression pattern and magnitude of responses under either a coccidial vaccine or a NE.

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