scholarly journals Effect of early contamination by Botrytis cinerea on the development of Grey mould on Muscat d’Italie in Tunisian vineyard

OENO One ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Samir Chebil ◽  
Jean Roudet ◽  
Abdelwahed Ghorbel ◽  
Bernadette Dubos
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Very High

<p style="text-align: justify;">Grey rot, caused by <em>Botrytis cinerea</em>, is nowadays the most damaging disease of the Tunisian vineyard. The fungus attacks berries at the maturation stage and causes important economic losses. The protection of vineyard against this disease is very difficult due to the fungus characteristics. In fact <em>B. cinerea</em> is in the border of parasitism and saprophytism, in pre-veraison it usually survive as saprophyte then it attacks berries before their maturation. The purpose of this study is to highlight the role of pre-veraison’s contamination by <em>B. cinerea</em> on the development of the Grey rot on the berries after veraison.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">The results revealed that at the pre-veraison stage, <em>B. cinerea</em> grows as a saprophyte. The fungus’s rate presence is low on the barks (less than 10 %), very high on the floral buds (between 5 and 27 %) and relatively high in the immature berries (about 20 %). The quantification of bunches pollution, showed that the rate of contaminations by <em>B. cinerea</em> is very high (more than 70 %).</p><p style="text-align: justify;">On the other hand, the mapping out showed up that outbreak of the disease happened after veraison on Muscat d’Italie. Also, the rate of berries’ rot, were different each year, in relation to the climatic conditions and plant’s physiology. We found that the rate of rot inside bunches is relatively high (between 15 and 40 %) due to condia on stem or <em>B. cinerea</em> latent. The statistical analysis showed significant relationships between the rate of latent <em>B. cinerea</em> and the appearance of the disease after the veraison stage. Also, the scoring of conidia observed in the air showed a big activity of the fungus during flowering and the maturation of berries.</p>

Was This in Your Statistics Textbook? IV. Frequency Data

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
D. J. Finney
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Contingency Tables ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frequency Data ◽  
Significance Tests ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Jumping To Conclusions ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
Measure Of Association

SUMMARYObservations that are frequencies rather than measurements often call for special types of statistical analysis. This paper comments on circumstances in which methods for one type of data can sensibly be used for the other. A section on two-way contingency tables emphasizes the proper role of χ2 a test statistic but not a measure of association; it mentions the distinction between one-tail and two-tail significance tests and reminds the reader of dangers. Multiway tables bring new complications, and the problems of interactions when additional classificatory factors are explicit or hidden are discussed at some length. A brief outline attempts to show how probit, logit, and similar techniques are related to the analysis of contingency tables. Finally, three unusual examples are described as illustrations of the care that is needed to avoid jumping to conclusions on how frequency data should be analysed.

scholarly journals Comparison of morphological characters of different poplar species (Populus, Salicaceae) using the example of Russian and Central Asian Tacamahaca (Spach) Penjkovsky subgenus representatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Nasimovich ◽  
Natalia Vasilieva
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Central Asian

Statistical analysis of 10 quantitative and 9 qualitative diagnostic characters of leaves and shoots of three Russian (Populus laurifolia Ledeb., P. nigra L., P. suaveolens Fisch.) and two Central Asian (P. usbekistanica Komarov, P. macrocarpa (Schrenk.) N. Pavl. et Lipsch.) poplar species of the Tacamahaca (Spach) Penjkovsky subgenus was performed. It was shown that according to studied quantitative characters P. nigra (Aegirus section) and P. suaveolens (Tacamahaca section) belong to opposite “poles”. This could be possibly due to the fact that the first species is the most common for lowlands poplar in said group, and the second species is the most mountainous and confined to the most severe climatic conditions. The natural areas of these two species are also geographically extremely far from one another. The other three species occupy an intermediate position both in their characters, in terms of growth, and geographically. In addition, they all hybridize in nature with Populus nigra, and Populus laurifolia also with P. suaveolens, which can also explain the intermediate nature of their characters. It was shown that the leaf characters, such as leaf length and width, leaf length and width ratio etc., reflect the specificity of the studied species somewhat worse than a number of specific characters (leaf maximum width position, leaf teeth height and lateral edge radius of curvature, leaf top length and width).

scholarly journals Lack of influence of low temperature, light and growth substances on phytochrome resynthesis in coleoptiles of irradiated oat seedlings

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-278
Author(s):  
Jan Kopcewicz ◽  
Mariusz Cymerski ◽  
Kazimierz Madela
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Elongation Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Growth Substances ◽  
Etiolated Seedlings ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

The photoconversion of phytochrome P<sub>R</sub> into the P<sub>FR</sub> form causes at the same time the destruction of the initial large fraction of phytochrome found in the coleoptiles of etiolated oat seedlings. Factors such as low temperature, light of different wavelengths or growth substances are not capable of preventing the progressive destruction and restore the synthesis of phytochrome. Thus an abnormally high level of phytochrome is found only in etiolated seedlings. Such seedlings, on the other hand, are characterized by a very high rate of elongation growth. The role of phytochrome in the control of deetiolation of seedlings is discussed.

The Effects of Habitat Structure and Floristics on the Densities of Bird Species in Wandoo Woodland.

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
GW Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Habitat Structure ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Open Forest ◽  
Eucalyptus Wandoo ◽  
Very High ◽  
Habitat Variables

Censuses were taken in the springs of 3 consecutive years of the birds in twelve 2-ha sites in remnants of wandoo woodland in SW Western Australia. The sites were distributed between 3 vegetation types: (a) Eucalyptus wandoo open forest; (b) E. accedens open forest with Dryandra sessilis; and (c) Casuarina/Acacia low open forest. The 3 vegetation types had similar numbers of birds but different species diversities. Although the relative numbers in each group of species changed from year to year, the relative numbers were the same each year in the different vegetation types. The avian communities of (a) and (c) had a higher diversity than in (b). In (c) there were significantly fewer nectar and bark feeders than in (a) or (b), but more ground insectivores. In (a) there were significantly more parrots and leaf gleaners than in the other vegetation types, whereas (b) had very high numbers of nectar feeders but low numbers of ground/low shrub insectivores. Statistically significant relationships were established between the abundance of 13 of the most common bird species and habitat variables. These regressions showed that both floristics and structure strongly affected the abundance of a species. Between 42 and 95% of the variance in numbers was accounted for.

The role of high rates of glycolysis and glutamine utilization in rapidly dividing cells

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Newsholme ◽  
B. Crabtree ◽  
M. S. M. Ardawi
Keyword(s):  
Partial Oxidation ◽  
Metabolic Pathway ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Macromolecular Synthesis ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Very High

The rates of utilization of both glucose and glutamine are high in rapidly dividing ceils such as enterocytes, lymphocytes, thymocytes, tumour cells; the oxidation of both glucose and glutamine is only partial, glucose to lactate and glutamine to glutamate, alanine or aspartate; and these partial processes are termed glycolysis and glutaminolysis respectively. Both processes generate energy and also provide precursors for important biosynthetic processes in such cells. However, the rates of utilization of precursors for macromolecular biosynthesis are very low in comparison to the rates oi partial oxidation, and energy generation per se may not be the correct explanation for high rates of glycolysis and glutaminolysis in these cells since oxidation is only partial and other fuels can be used to generate energy. Both the high fluxes and the metabolic characteristics of these two processes can be explained by application of quantitative principles of control as applied to branched metabolic pathway s (Crabtree & Newsholme, 1985). If the flux through one branch is greatly in excess of the other, then the sensitivity of the flux of the low-flux pathway to regulators is very high. Hence, it is suggested that, in rapidly dividing ceils, high rates of glycolysis and gtutaminolysis are required not for energy or precursor provision per se but for high sensitivity of the pathways involved in the use of precursors for macromolecular synthesis to specific regulators to permithigh rates of proliferation when required for example, in lymphocytes in response to a massive infection.

scholarly journals The Role of Legal Conflictology in the Training of Lawyers

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Sandra Kaija
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Human Suffering ◽  
Very High

Conflicts are everyday occurrences in people’s lives, social groups and international relations. In all historic times, in all cultures, groups and countries, the quest for peace has been ongoing. Costs incurred because of conflicts are very high: human suffering, economic losses and moral degradation. Conflict resolution, transformation, mediation and management describe the scientific and multi-disciplinary approach of legal conflictology. The aim of this article is to popularize and develope in Latvia a new branch of science, education and practice - legal conflictology.

Humorous communication, verbal aggressiveness, and father–son relational satisfaction

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Neuendorf ◽  
Jill E. Rudd ◽  
Paul Palisin ◽  
Elizabeth B. Pask
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relational Satisfaction ◽  
Communication Behaviors ◽  
Verbal Aggressiveness ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Very High

AbstractThis study examines the role of humor orientation and reported humorous communication behaviors during father–son conflict in predicting relational satisfaction. In addition, the main effect and interaction effect (with humor orientation) of verbal aggressiveness on relational satisfaction is investigated. A survey of adult father–son pairs pinpoints an interesting network of findings linking general humor orientations, verbal aggressiveness, reported use of humorous messages during conflict, and relational satisfaction within the father–son relationship. Key findings include: Sons’ relational satisfaction is predicted by lower fathers’ verbal aggressiveness for those with fathers who report a very high humor orientation. On the other hand, fathers’ relational satisfaction is predicted by lower levels of sons’ humor orientation, and not by verbal aggressiveness. Further, sons’ relational satisfaction is negatively related to the reported use of

scholarly journals Study on the Penicillin-content of botrytized wines and noble rotted berries in Tokaj-region

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kállay ◽  
Zs. Bene
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Penicillium Chrysogenum ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Penicillin V ◽  
The World

Favourable parameters are offered to the formation of noble rot caused by Botrytis cinerea by the climatic conditions, soil circumstances and grape-varietes of Tokaj-region. As the result of noble rot, aszú-berries represent the most important raw material of the world-wide known Tokaji Aszú Wine. The objective of this study was to measure the penicillin-content of aszú-berries and Tokaj Wine Specialities. As the result of infection of Botrytis free way can be opened in front of other mould strains, especially Penicillium and Aspergillus. There is a possibility to the presence of Penicillium chrysogenum on the surface of aszú-berries during noble rotting process. P. chrysogenum was found to produce the so called Naturally Derived Penicillins such as Penicillin-V (phenoximethyl-penicillin). According to our findings the Penicillin-V content was detected between 0.4 and 26 mg/1 wine and 0-74 mg/kg aszú-berry. These values do net have therapeutic effect, but physiological benefit and it can be a basis to the qualification of the raw material of Tokaj Wine Specialities naturally together with the other component of noble rotted berries and botrytized wines.

scholarly journals Some Remarks on the Problem of Occurrence of Denarii Subaerati in Barbaricum

2021 ◽  
pp. 167-178
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Dymowski
Keyword(s):  
High Probability ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Migration Period ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Roman Coins ◽  
Very High

The rapid increase in the corpus of finds of denarii subaerati in the territory of Barbaricum in the last two decades has allowed us to expand our knowledge about the occurrence of these coins in this area. To date, only subaerati have been recorded in finds while recently previously unnoticed categories of non-silver denarii from unofficial issues have been noticed. Furthermore, it is possible to state with a very high probability that denarii subaerati were manufactured in eastern areas of Barbaricum at least since the end of the 3rd century. This of course does not mean that all subaerati that were found in Barbaricum were made there. On the other hand, it is still a very surprising conclusion, due to the fact that until recently it has been considered obvious that all subaerati found in Barbaricum are imports from the territory of the Empire. Thanks to new finds research on subaerati (and on denarii from irregular issues in general) which are situated within a broader context of examinations of finds of Roman coins and their imitations and copies in Barbaricum turn out to be more and more crucial for understanding of the role of Roman Imperial denarii (and Roman money in general) among the Barbarians in the Roman Period and the Migration Period.

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