scholarly journals Simple Thin-Layer Chromatographic and UV-Spectrophotometric Analysis of Promethazine and its N-Demethylation Metabolites from Biological Fluids

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-324
Author(s):  
Bunu J. Samuel ◽  
Ere Diepreye ◽  
Wilson O. Diana
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Chromatographic Techniques ◽  
Study Population ◽  
No Elimination ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Intermediate Metabolizers

Several Ultra-Violet spectrophotometric analytical method has been made available in the analysis of phenothiazine group of drugs but Thin-Layer Chromatographic techniques are not fully utilized. Hence, we were able to develop a succinct, simple and cost-effective TLC and UV-spectrophotometric quantification method for the analysis promethazine and metabolites from biological fluids, validating previous studies. The proposed method was found to be precise, accurate and phenotypic determination and categorization were successfully estimated among the test samples. From the chromatogram intensities, 33.3% of the study population were classified as poor metabolizers, 40% were intermediate metabolizers, and 26.67% extensive metabolizers. Little or no elimination of N-desmethylpromethazine was observed for subjects with poor metabolism in correlation with the severity. Therefore, the phenotypic knowledge will help in the clinical choices as an individual from the same family may likely metabolize a giving drug in the same manner due to their genetic similarities. Keywords : Promethazine, Metabolites, Thin-Layer Chromatography, cytochrome P450.

scholarly journals Biological Fingerprinting of Herbal Samples by Means of Liquid Chromatography

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Cieśla
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Fingerprint Analysis ◽  
Chromatographic Techniques ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Chromatographic Fingerprinting

Biological chromatographic fingerprinting is a relatively new concept in the quality control of herbal samples. Originally it has been developed with the application of HPLC, and recently herbal samples' biological profiles have been obtained by means of thin-layer chromatography (TLC). This paper summarizes the application of liquid chromatographic techniques for the purpose of biological fingerprint analysis (BFA) of complex herbal samples. In case of biological TLC fingerprint, which is a relatively novel solution, perspectives of its further development are outlined in more detail. Apart from already published data, some novel results are also shown and briefly discussed. The paper aims at drawing scientists' attention to the unique solutions offered by biological fingerprint construction.

Determination of Ibuprofen and Phenylephrine in Tablets by High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography and in Plasma by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 592-599
Author(s):  
Marwa A A Ragab ◽  
Mohamed H Abdel-Hay ◽  
Hytham M Ahmed ◽  
Sara M Mohyeldin
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Diode Array ◽  
Simultaneous Extraction ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract Two chromatographic methods (high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and high performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector (HPLC-DAD)), were addressed for the analysis of a mixture consisted of phenylephrine hydrochloride and ibuprofen in two forms bulk and their combined dosage form. This binary mixture is considered to be a challenging one as the two drugs differ greatly in their chemical and physical properties. Not only this affects their simultaneous analysis, but also hinders their simultaneous extraction from biological fluids as plasma. That is the reason the literature lacks any report for the simultaneous extraction and analysis of these drugs from biological fluids. The concentration ranges of both drugs were 0.1–2.5 μg/spot and 0.1–100 μg/mL by HPTLC and HPLC, respectively. Not only was the HPLC-DAD method applied to the investigated drugs determination in pharmaceutical preparations, but also in spiked human plasma. Extensive study was conducted to optimize their simultaneous extraction from plasma as it was a crucial step for the in vivo analysis. The results obtained by proposed methods and a reference one were statistically comparable by analysis of variance test. No significant difference was recorded between the mean percent levels determined by the proposed methods and the reference one.

scholarly journals Visualization of Aspalathin in Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) Plant and Herbal Tea Extracts Using Thin-Layer Chromatography

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Amor Stander ◽  
Wesley Williams ◽  
Fanie Rautenbach ◽  
Marilize Le Roes-Hill ◽  
Yamkela Mgwatyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Herbal Tea ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Aspalathus Linearis ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Aspalathin, the main polyphenol of rooibos (Aspalathus linearis), is associated with diverse health promoting properties of the tea. During fermentation, aspalathin is oxidized and concentrations are significantly reduced. Standardized methods for quality control of rooibos products do not investigate aspalathin, since current techniques of aspalathin detection require expensive equipment and expertise. Here, we describe a simple and fast thin-layer chromatography (TLC) method that can reproducibly visualize aspalathin in rooibos herbal tea and plant extracts at a limit of detection (LOD) equal to 178.7 ng and a limit of quantification (LOQ) equal to 541.6 ng. Aspalathin is a rare compound, so far only found in A. linearis and its (rare) sister species A. pendula. Therefore, aspalathin could serve as a marker compound for authentication and quality control of rooibos products, and the described TLC method represents a cost-effective approach for high-throughput screening of plant and herbal tea extracts.

scholarly journals Steroidal saponin concentrations in Brachiaria decumbens and B. brizantha at different developmental stages

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Bonucielli Brum ◽  
Mitsue Haraguchi ◽  
Mirella Biasoli Garutti ◽  
Fernanda Nogarol Nóbrega ◽  
Beneval Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Steroidal Saponin ◽  
Steroidal Saponins ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Seed Fall ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Brachiaria species contain steroidal saponins and are involved in outbreaks of hepatogenous photosensitization. This research presents the levels of a steroidal saponin, protodioscin, in the seeds and aerial parts of B. brizantha and B. decumbens during different developmental stages (growth, bloom, fructification and seed fall). The butanolic fraction of the ethanolic extract of each stage was submitted to thin layer chromatography (TLC) and spectrophotometric analysis through the Ehrlich reagent in 515nm. The chromatograms in TLC of the butanolic fraction of B. brizantha and B. decumbens showed similar spots as the protodioscin standard. The estimated level of protodioscin isomers in B. brizantha and B. decumbens ranged from 0.5% to 2.1%, having the highest level at the end of their developmental stages during seed falling comparison with the previous one. Protodioscin was not detected in the seeds. Outbreaks of Brachiaria spp. poisoning in central Western Brazil are frequently observed in pastures that had been more than 30 days without animals grazing, and also during the growing or blooming stage of the pastures. Other saponin determinations in toxic and non toxic pastures are necessary to determine the saponin concentrations that cause intoxication.

A Direct Enzymic Assay for 7α-Hydroxy Bile Acids and Their Conjugates

1973 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. D. Haslewood ◽  
G. M. Murphy ◽  
Judith M. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Enzymic Assay ◽  
Bile Acids And Salts ◽  
Secondary Bile Acids

1. A 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase preparation isolated from a strain of Escherichia coli provides a specific and rapid means for the determination of 7α-hydroxy bile acids and their conjugates. 2. When used in conjunction with 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase the method enables the concentrations of primary and secondary bile acids and salts in biological fluids to be determined directly without the use of thin-layer chromatography. 3. When used with thin-layer chromatography the method allows the specific quantitative determination of chenodeoxycholic acid or its conjugates in the presence of deoxycholic acid and its derivatives.

Isolation and Identification of Paracetamol Metabolites

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
R S Andrews ◽  
C C Bond ◽  
J Burnett ◽  
A Saunders ◽  
K Watson
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
Chromatographic Techniques ◽  
Main Technique ◽  
Therapeutic Doses ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
New Metabolites

A comparison has been made of the urinary metabolites of volunteers who had taken therapeutic doses of paracetamol with those of persons who had taken an overdose in an attempt to highlight the metabolic changes associated with massive doses. The main technique for examining urine samples was two-dimensional thin layer chromatography. Other chromatographic techniques were used for the isolation and purification of metabolites. The urinary metabolites after a therapeutic dose of paracetamol were identified as free paracetamol, paracetamol sulphate, 3-hydroxy-paracetamol-3-sulphate, 3-methoxy-paracetamol sulphate, paracetamol glucuronide, 3-methoxy-paracetamol glucuronide, paracetamol 3-cysteine conjugate and paracetamol 3-mercapturate. The same metabolites were also present in urine following overdosage but the proportions were quite different. There was particularly a big increase in the relative amounts of cysteine and mercapturic acid conjugates excreted. No new metabolites were found. The significance of these findings is briefly discussed in relation to the metabolism and toxicology of paracetamol.

A simple, cost-effective and rapid method for simultaneous determination of Strychnos nux-vomica alkaloids in blood and Ayurvedic medicines based on ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction–thin-layer chromatography-image analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev Jain ◽  
Rohitashva Mani Tripathi ◽  
Archna Negi ◽  
Shishir Pratap Singh
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Dispersive Liquid Liquid Microextraction ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Microextraction

Abstract A simple, rapid, cost-effective and green analytical method is developed based on ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (US-DLLME) coupled to thin-layer chromatography (TLC)-image analysis for the simultaneous determination of two major alkaloids of Strychnos nux-vomica L i.e., strychnine and brucine. The method is composed of three steps, namely (i) US-DLLME by injecting a mixture of 100-μL chloroform (extraction solvent) and 1-mL methanol (disperser solvent) in 5 mL of aqueous sample, followed by ultrasonication and centrifugation, (ii) TLC of 20 μL of sedimented phase with methanol: ammonia (100:1.5, v/v) as the mobile phase and visualization under ultraviolet radiation (254 nm) and (iii) photography of TLC plate and quantification of spots by image analysis using freely available imageJ software (National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). The limit of detection and limit of quantification for both alkaloids were found to be in the range of 0.12–0.15 and 0.36–0.48 μg/spot, respectively. The method was found to be linear in the range of 0.5–5 μg/spot with correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.995 and 0.997 for strychnine and brucine, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of strychnine and brucine in Ayurvedic formulations and blood samples. The method does not require any sophisticated instrument and handling skills and can be adopted for rapid analysis of strychnine and brucine in forensic toxicological laboratories.

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