scholarly journals A ÉTICA CRISTÃ DO AMOR EM KIERKEGAARD

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Domingos Manuel Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Erotic Love ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Expression ◽  
Works Of Love ◽  
Christian Love

RESUMO: O mandamento do amor ao próximo constitui o âmago das Obras do Amor de Kierkegaard. Nesta obra, o amor cristão é definido em contraposição ao amor natural, nomeadamente ao amor erótico e à amizade. Em virtude da sua natureza passional, o amor natural é uma forma de amor de si mesmo e não comporta exigência ética. No amor cristão, pelo contrário, o outro é amado como próximo, não em resultado de predileção, mas porque Deus ordena esse amor. Não obstante as dissemelhanças entre o amor natural e o amor cristão, não existe relação antitética entre estas duas formas de amor. Do ponto de vista cristão, o que é problemático no amor natural é a exclusividade egoísta, que o mandamento do amor ao próximo erradica ao estabelecer a equidade no amor. A proeminência dada ao mandamento do amor será considerada à luz da concomitante ênfase de Kierkegaard em esforço e dom, obras e graça, lei e amor. A interpretação Kierke­gaardiana da doutrina do amor tem sido frequentemente criticada por descurar a dimensão social da ética cristã e espiritualizar o amor ao próximo. Embora seja inegável a existência de um certo desapreço por uma ética do amor orientada para transformações sociais, tal não implica menosprezo pela importância de promover o bem-estar social e material da pessoa humana. Kierkegaard visa antes mostrar a diferença qualitativa que existe entre a prática do amor cristão e a expressão política e social de generosidade organizada.ABSTRACT: The command of loving one’s neighbor is at the core of Kiekegaard’s Works of Love. In this book, Christian love is defined in opposition to natural love, namely erotic love and friendship. Due to its passionate nature, natural love is aform of self-love and contains no ethical demand. In Christian love, on the con­trary, the other is loved as one’s neighbor, not because of preference, but because God commands that love. Notwithstanding the dissimilarities between natural love and Christian love, these two forms of love are not antithetically related. From a Christian point of view, what is problematic in natural love is its egotistic exclusivity, which love for the neighbor eliminates by establishing equality in loving. The prominence given to the command of love will be considered in light of Kierkegaard’s simultaneous emphasis on effort and gift, works and grace, law and love. The Kierkegaardian interpretation of the doctrine of love has often been criticized for neglecting the social dimension of Christian ethics. While a certain disregard for an ethic of love directed towards social change is undeniably pres­ent, this does not imply disdain for the importance of promoting the social and material well-being of the human person. Kierkegaard’s concern is, rather, to show that a qualitative difference exists between the practice of Christian love and the political and social expression of organized generosity.

scholarly journals A ÉTICA CRISTÃ DO AMOR EM KIERKEGAARD

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Domingos Manuel Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Erotic Love ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Expression ◽  
Works Of Love ◽  
Christian Love

RESUMO: O mandamento do amor ao próximo constitui o âmago das Obras do Amor de Kierkegaard. Nesta obra, o amor cristão é definido em contraposição ao amor natural, nomeadamente ao amor erótico e à amizade. Em virtude da sua natureza passional, o amor natural é uma forma de amor de si mesmo e não comporta exigência ética. No amor cristão, pelo contrário, o outro é amado como próximo, não em resultado de predileção, mas porque Deus ordena esse amor. Não obstante as dissemelhanças entre o amor natural e o amor cristão, não existe relação antitética entre estas duas formas de amor. Do ponto de vista cristão, o que é problemático no amor natural é a exclusividade egoísta, que o mandamento do amor ao próximo erradica ao estabelecer a equidade no amor. A proeminência dada ao mandamento do amor será considerada à luz da concomitante ênfase de Kierkegaard em esforço e dom, obras e graça, lei e amor. A interpretação Kierke­gaardiana da doutrina do amor tem sido frequentemente criticada por descurar a dimensão social da ética cristã e espiritualizar o amor ao próximo. Embora seja inegável a existência de um certo desapreço por uma ética do amor orientada para transformações sociais, tal não implica menosprezo pela importância de promover o bem-estar social e material da pessoa humana. Kierkegaard visa antes mostrar a diferença qualitativa que existe entre a prática do amor cristão e a expressão política e social de generosidade organizada.ABSTRACT: The command of loving one’s neighbor is at the core of Kiekegaard’s Works of Love. In this book, Christian love is defined in opposition to natural love, namely erotic love and friendship. Due to its passionate nature, natural love is aform of self-love and contains no ethical demand. In Christian love, on the con­trary, the other is loved as one’s neighbor, not because of preference, but because God commands that love. Notwithstanding the dissimilarities between natural love and Christian love, these two forms of love are not antithetically related. From a Christian point of view, what is problematic in natural love is its egotistic exclusivity, which love for the neighbor eliminates by establishing equality in loving. The prominence given to the command of love will be considered in light of Kierkegaard’s simultaneous emphasis on effort and gift, works and grace, law and love. The Kierkegaardian interpretation of the doctrine of love has often been criticized for neglecting the social dimension of Christian ethics. While a certain disregard for an ethic of love directed towards social change is undeniably pres­ent, this does not imply disdain for the importance of promoting the social and material well-being of the human person. Kierkegaard’s concern is, rather, to show that a qualitative difference exists between the practice of Christian love and the political and social expression of organized generosity.

scholarly journals Comparative characteristics of social approval of the phenomenon of vegetarianism in Russia and the UK

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
V. A. Pitkin ◽  
L. A. Holodnaya
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Social Approval ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Uk

The article presents an analysis of the social phenomenon of vegetarianism from a historical, medical and sociological point of view. The purpose of this article is to analyze secondary data from cross-cultural studies in Russia and the UK. The main task was to highlight the main features of the attitude towards vegetarianism in the framework of the "Western" mentality and to study the perception of the phenomenon of vegetarianism in the minds of Russians, to compare the data obtained. To accomplish the set tasks, the analysis of theoretical material on the topic of vegetarianism as a phenomenon of modern society, its main types, specificity as a system of sociocultural patterns was carried out. In the course of an empirical analysis of intercountry trends in the field of attitudes towards vegetarianism, the following points were recorded using the example of two countries. The proportion of people on a vegetarian or vegan diet is higher in the UK. However, both in Russia and in the UK, 10–15% of respondents were found who could try this type of diet and stick to it for about a month. In Russia, personal well-being and health is more often the argument in favor of a vegetarian diet, while in the UK people are more interested in protecting the environment.

scholarly journals Loodus tuleb tagasi: delfiinid ja saurused. Libauudistest, photoshop-muistenditest ja meemidest koroonakarantiini ajal

Mäetagused ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 167-184
Author(s):  
Eda Kalmre ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fake News ◽  
The Social ◽  
Truth Value ◽  
Positive Effect

The article follows the narrative trend initiated by the social media posts and fake news during the first months of the corona quarantine, which claims that the decrease of contamination due to the quarantine has a positive effect on the environment and nature recovery. The author describes the context of the topic and follows the changes in the rhetoric through different genres, discussing the ways in which a picture can tell a truthful story. What is the relation between the context, truth, and rhetoric? This material spread globally, yet it was also readily “translated” into the Estonian context, and – what is very characteristic of the entire pandemic material – when approaching this material, truthful and fabricated texts, photos, and videos were combined. From the folkloristic point of view, these rumours in the form of fake news, first presented in the function of a tall tale and further following the sliding truth scale of legends, constitute a part of coping strategies, so-called crisis humour, yet, on the other hand, also a belief story presenting positive imagery, which surrounds the mainly apocalyptically perceived pandemic period and interprets the human existence on a wider scale. Even if these fake news and memes have no truth value, they communicate an idea – nature recovers – and definitely offer hope and a feeling of well-being.

scholarly journals Gastronomy unravelled by physics: Gastrophysics

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mie Thorborg Pedersen ◽  
Per Lyngs Hansen ◽  
Mathias Porsmose Clausen
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Food Science ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Shed Light

Useful attempts to shed light on the nature of gastronomy from a scientific point of view and to unravel the crucial connection between food, eating and well-being are currently underrepresented in the scientific literature. However, several scientific disciplines ranging from the natural to the social sciences offer valuable new perspectives on gastronomy. As one of the key disciplines in natural science, physics offers original and rigorous perspectives on all processes and structures constrained by the laws of nature. The emerging discipline called gastrophysics employs the full range of concepts, techniques and methods from physics to generate useful scientific input to the complex and holistic reflections on gastronomy. Relying on a review of the existing literature, this article illustrates how a science-based gastrophysics emerges, to a large extent from the convoluted history of food science as well as from various recent – and often overlapping – attempts to combine modern scientific methodology to questions from gastronomy. However, the present review also insists on a physics-inspired methodology to handle scale and complexity in food preparation and consumption across length scales from sub-molecular to entire foods. We exemplify how gastrophysics directly helps to develop gastronomy and how it adds to current approaches in traditional food science. We also suggest that gastrophysics may prove relevant in the context of the ongoing food transformation, which focuses strongly on sustainability, but where the importance of gastronomic aspects in this transformation is greatly needed.

scholarly journals Panggilan Sosial Gereja Berdasarkan Pelayanan Yesus dalam Lukas 4:18-19: Sebuah Upaya Merevitalisasi Pelayanan Gereja

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-112
Author(s):  
Herry Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Church Ministry ◽  
Book Of Isaiah ◽  
The Third ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Church

Salah satu unsur penting dalam pelayanan gereja yang terabaikan adalah peran sosial gereja untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan. Padahal warga jemaat berhadapan dengan berbagai isu sosial. Salah satu yang cukup krusial adalah kemiskinan. Dalam upaya merevitalisasi pelayanan gereja, salah satu yang perlu diwujudkan adalah integrasi antara kepedulian sosial dan pelayanan gereja. Artikel ini akan menjelaskan bahwa gereja memiliki panggilan dan tanggung jawab sosial. Fondasi bagi gagasan ini adalah karakteristik pelayanan Yesus yang termuat dalam Lukas 4:18-19, yang merupakan kutipan dari Yesaya 61:1-2; 58:6. Berdasarkan penggunaan Yesaya 61:1-2 yang dikombinasikan dengan Yesaya 58:6, artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa penulis Injil Ketiga memodifikasi kutipan tersebut untuk memperkuat karakteristik sosial dalam pelayanan Yesus. Dimensi sosial pelayanan Yesus merupakan landasan penting untuk membangun pelayanan gerejawi yang memiliki kesadaran sosial untuk membentuk kehidupan umat secara menyeluruh. Dalam menguraikan gagasannya, artikel ini akan menerapkan metode kualitatif yang berorientasi pada studi literatur dan analisis hermeneutika. Adapun pendekatan hermeneutika yang akan diterapkan berfokus pada pembacaan Injil sebagai biografi Yunani-Romawi. Prinsip-prinsip yang umum digunakan dalam metode kritik naratif juga akan diterapkan. Karena adanya kutipan dari Kitab Yesaya, pendekatan hermenutika yang digunakan juga akan menganalisis cara penulis Injil Ketiga menggunakan teks Yesaya tersebut. Artikel ini akan berfokus pada tiga aspek, yaitu karakteristik sosial Injil Ketiga, karakteristik sosial pelayanan Yesus berdasarkan Lukas 4:18-19, dan implikasi dimensi sosial pelayanan Yesus bagi upaya revitalisasi pelayanan gereja. One important element that neglected in church ministry is the social responsibility of the church in realizing the well-being of the community. Whereas the congregation is dealing with various social issues. One that is quite crucial is poverty. In an effort to revitalize church ministry, one that needs to be realized is the integration of social care and church ministry. This article will explain that the church has social calling and responsibility. The foundation for this idea is the characteristics of Jesus' ministry conveyed by Luke 4:18-19, which is a quotation from Isaiah 61:1-2; 58:6. Based on the use of Isaiah 61:1-2 combined with Isaiah 58:6, this article shows that the writer of the Third Gospel modified the quotation to strengthen social characteristics in Jesus' ministry. The social dimension of Jesus' ministry is an important foundation for building church ministries that have social awareness to shape the lives of believers holistically. This article will apply qualitative methods that focus on literary study and hermeneutical analysis. The hermeneutical approach applied here focuses on reading the Gospels as Greco-Roman biography. The principles commonly used in narrative criticism will also be applied. Because of the quotation from the Book of Isaiah, this article will also analyze the way the writer of the Third Gospel used the text of Isaiah. This article will focus on three aspects, namely the social characteristics of the Third Gospel, the social characteristics of Jesus' ministry based on Luke 4: 18-19, and the implications of the social dimension of Jesus' ministry for revitalizing church ministry.

scholarly journals ПОНЯТТЯ ТА СУТНІСТЬ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ІНКЛЮЗІЇ У СОЦІАЛЬНІЙ РОБОТІ

2019 ◽  
pp. 233-241
Author(s):  
О. О. Стрельнікова
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Mechanism ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ukrainian Society

The present article is devoted to the problems of inclusion in modern Ukrainian society. The concept and essence of inclusion are studied from the point of view of the theory of social comprehension (of the essence of inclusive group), dynamics of social structure and social interactions. The inclusion is divided into social and educational forms according to the modern approaches to considering types of inclusion. The main forms of inclusion are analyzed from the point of view of pedagogical and social sciences. Special attention is given to the social inclusion in modern Ukrainian society. The comparative analysis of the categories «integration» and «inclusion» is carried out and the main common and distinctive features of these categories are determined in the article. It is said that social inclusion can be analyzed only in context of social exclusion, because they are both parts of the same social process. The potential of such further analysis are researched. The peculiarities of the process of social inclusion in modern Ukrainian society are analyzed. The main characteristics of social inclusion are described in the article on the basis of analysis of modern scientific literature. Special attention is given to the social inclusion in social work and social science. From the point of view of socio-pedagogical science social inclusion is analyzed as democratic action about comprehension somebody or the whole social group into some activity or cultural process. Social inclusion in modern Ukrainian society becomes social mechanism, some kind of an instrument, aimed at overcoming the barriers and constraints on the path to social well-being, which radically changes the existing state social politics. The results of the research are used in the social work, pedagogical and social sciences.

scholarly journals Economic Integration versus Social Avoidance: Assessing Neighborhood Relationships Between the Shanty Town of Calabar and its Surrounding Upper-class Gated Communities | Integração econômica vs evitamento social: analisando relações de bairro entre a favela de Calabar e os condomínios de elite circundantes

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Stephan Treuke
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Shanty Town ◽  
The Impact

This research assesses the impact of neighborhood effects on the well-being of thirty inhabitants in Calabar, a shanty-town set within an upper-class area of Salvador (Brazil). We adopted a threefold methodological framework in order to explore the material, social and symbolic dimensions of the neighborhood effects based on a set of interviews. With regard to  the material dimension, cross-class interactions via the employment nexus are fostered through geographic proximity; however social segmentation regarding access to schools, hospitals and leisure activities have reinforced the social hierarchies. In the social dimension, a high degree of cohesion and solidarity has entailed positive implications for the job search processes, access to resources and a strengthening of territorial identity. With the symbolic dimension, statistical discrimination has entailed deleterious effects on economic integration. In conclusion, the hypothesis of an opportunity-enriching environment should be subjected to careful scrutiny since the economic integration of the inhabitants neither bridges the social distances nor impedes place-based discrimination.

scholarly journals On the Notion of Person in Confucianism

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-141
Author(s):  
Bogumił Gacka
Keyword(s):  
Personal Development ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Boston University ◽  
Universal Love ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Will

The article presents the notion of person in Confucianism in the context of biographical background of Confucius (551-479 B.C.). As an itinerant sage Confucius taught the practical significance of moral values in the social and political life. His disciples collected his teachings in Analects, in which Confucius noticed that at his age of 50 he knew the will of Heaven (A 11:4). He began to teach Humanism with respect to Transcendence (T’ien).According to the great specialists, Prof. Tu Wei-Ming (Harvard University) and Prof. John Berthrong (Boston University), “the social dimension” of the human person in Confucianism is important and the person is conceived as “a center of relationships” and as a self of personal development (selfhood as creative transformation). There are five universal ways in human relations which are governed by five moral principles. The five ways are those governing the relationships between ruler and minister, between father and son, between husband and wife, between elder and younger brothers, and those in the intercourse between friends. The core of the human person is humanity (jen or ren).Just as “compassion” is the greatest Buddhist virtue, and “love” the Christian, jen is the ultimate goal of conduct and self-transformation for the Confucian. According to Confucius, education reforms a personal life as well as a social and political life in order to realize a universal love and a personal development of man (juncy).

scholarly journals Gift Game Metatheory: Social Interaction and Interpersonal Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Alonso-Bastarreche ◽  
Alberto I. Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Moral Agent ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Philosophical Methodology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Systematic Character ◽  
Philosophical Framework

This paper analyzes Game Theory (GT) from the point of view of moral psychology and makes explicit some of its assumptions regarding the human person as a moral agent, as well as the ends of human action, and reciprocity. Using a largely philosophical methodology, we will argue that GT assumes an instrumental form of rationality underpinned by a logic of self-interest, hence placing individuals, communities, and their social practices in service of external goods and their maximization. Because of this, GT is not adequate to describe the entirety of human social existence and interaction. Nevertheless, by revealing these assumptions, GT can be amplified with another form of rationality based on realist ethics and a personalist anthropology reinforced by the logic of gift. This rationality values the singularity of each person as a holistic unity, as the center of the social realm and as an end in herself called to growth and flourishing with others, nurturing the human community through giving and receiving. We will thus provide a wider philosophical framework for GT with a series of non-mathematical axioms of what can be called a Game Metatheory (GMt). These axioms refer to society as a complex system, not to particular interactions. GMt axioms are not a model of social games, but rather an axiomatic description of social life as a game, revealing its systematic character, complexity, and possible deterioration.

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