scholarly journals UMA CONFRONTAÇÃO (AUSEINANDERSETZUNG) DE MARTIN HEIDEGGER COM EDMUND HUSSERL. EM BUSCA DE UMA CONCEPÇÃO HERMENÊUTICA DA FENOMENOLOGIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (142) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Jorge Augusto Da Silva Santos

Resumo: O artigo trata da confrontação crítico-positiva de Martin Heidegger com Edmund Husserl com base em dois momentos importantes de seu Denkweg ao longo da atividade docente nas Universidades de Freiburg e Marburg. O primeiro emerge no curso friburguense de 1919 intitulado “A ideia da filosofia e o problema da visão de mundo” (GA 56/57), onde Heidegger esboça sua con­cepção hermenêutica da fenomenologia com a introdução da expressão “intuição hermenêutica” no final da preleção acadêmica. O segundo momento selecionado da confrontação se dá no curso do semestre de inverno de 1923-1924 intitulado “Introdução à investigação fenomenológica” (GA 17), onde não somente critica diretamente as obras de seu mestre, mas também através da “destruição” tanto do “ponto de partida” quanto do “escopo” da fenomenologia, a saber: a apro­priação husserliana de R. Descartes. Nesse sentido, trata-se de uma “polêmica contra Husserl disfarçada de crítica a Descartes”. Do syn-philosophein inicial com Husserl (“A fenomenologia somos eu [Husserl] e Heidegger, de resto mais ninguém”), mesmo dentro de uma contínua tensão, Heidegger passa a uma ruptura cada vez mais radical até se consumar no parricídio completo ora nas preleções do semestre de verão de Marburg intituladas “Prolegômenos para a história do conceito de tempo” (GA20), ora na tentativa fracassada da elaboração a duas mãos do artigo “Fenomenologia” para a Encyclopaedia Britannica em 1927.Abstract: The article deals with the critical - positive confrontation of Martin Heidegger with Edmund Husserl, based on two important moments of Heidegger’s Denkweg, throughout his teaching activity in the universities of Freiburg and Marburg. It is first in his 1919 Freiburg course, entitled “The idea of philoso­phy and the problem of world view” (GA 56/57), that Heidegger outlines his hermeneutic conception of phenomenology, with the introduction of the term “hermeneutic intuition”, at the end of his academic lectures. The second mo­ment of confrontation takes place in the winter semester of 1923-1924 and is entitled “Introduction to phenomenological research” (GA 17). There, Heidegger criticizes his master’s works, both directly and through the “destruction” of the “starting point” and “scope” of phenomenology, namely Husserl’s appropria­tion of R. Descartes. In this sense, it is a “polemic against Husserl disguised as criticism against Descartes.” In a context of continuous tension, Heidegger moves away from the early syn-philosophein with Husserl - “Phenomenology is myself [Husserl] and Heidegger, nobody else”. The philosopher makes an increasingly radical break until the parricide is consummated with both his Marburg summer lectures, entitled “Prolegomena to the history of the concept of time” (GA20) and the failed attempt to prepare, together with Husserl, the article “Phenomenology” for the Encyclopaedia Britannica in 1927

2021 ◽  

Martin Heidegger (b. 1889–d. 1976) is a central figure in 20th-century philosophy. Especially in his early works, most notably Being and Time (1927), Heidegger critically continues the tradition of phenomenology inaugurated by Edmund Husserl (b. 1859–d. 1938). Heidegger’s philosophy has been a major influence on a number of important philosophers in their own right, including Hans-Georg Gadamer (b. 1900–d. 2002), Maurice Merleau-Ponty (b. 1908–d. 1961), Hannah Arendt (b. 1906–d. 1975), Paul Ricoeur (b. 1913–d. 2005), Michel Foucault (b. 1926–d. 1984), Jacques Derrida (b. 1930–d. 2004), and Richard Rorty (b. 1931–d. 2007). His work has also impacted other disciplines, such as theology, literary and cultural studies, art theory, and the theory of architecture. Heidegger is primarily known for his work in metaphysics and existential philosophy, but he has also made much-discussed contributions to a wide range of philosophical topics, including the study of numerous authors from the history of philosophy. The German edition of his collected works (Gesamtausgabe, or GA) includes published writings, lecture courses, seminars, and manuscripts. Once completed, it will include 102 volumes. To manage this rich material, Heidegger’s philosophy is often divided into different periods. Although how to demarcate these periods is itself a matter of scholarly debate, Oxford Bibliographies divides his work into an early, middle, and later period. This entry treats the middle period of his thought (roughly 1933–1945). It coincides with the rise to power of the German National Socialist Party, in which Heidegger was involved as rector of the University of Freiburg, the Second World War, and the Holocaust. Although Heidegger rarely addresses these events directly, this period in particular should not be considered without taking into account these events and the dominant ideologies of the time. Heidegger’s major concerns during this period are with the experience of art, the philosophy of history, and the history of Western philosophy in particular. Heidegger gives a few important lectures and lecture series during this time that were later edited. These should be the starting point for any reading. The major body of his writing during this period, however, consists of manuscripts, notes, and course materials, which are more difficult to assess. In using this bibliography, be sure to also check the entries on the early and later period of Heidegger’s works. Although the focus of Heidegger’s philosophical concern shifts, many themes continue to be relevant throughout his works. Often, scholars writing on Heidegger take into account his development as whole, and relevant literature may be treated in another entry. This bibliography aims to be inclusive with regard to schools of thought and interpretations of Heidegger. It is not exhaustive but rather an attempt to identify useful starting points for individual study within the more recent literature on Heidegger.


Author(s):  
Julio Quesada

Mi ensayo ha querido explicar genealógicamente y de forma contextualizada el desencuentro entre Ernst Cassirer y Martin Heidegger en Davos, y la deriva de éste hacia el nazismo desde los presupuestos de su filosofía existencial. ¿Qué papel juega el antisemitismo espiritual en la crítica heideggeriana al neokantismo y la fenomenología trascendental? ¿Por qué la fenomenología de Edmund Husserl es "una monstruosidad"? ¿Por qué Kant se convierte en batalla y campo de batalla de la Kulturkampf? ¿Por qué se lee a Heidegger como se lee? ¿Qué sentido tiene la práctica de la historia de la filosofía en el “final” de la filosofía?My essay wanted to explain genealogically and in a contextualized way the disagreement between Cassirer and Heidegger in Davos, and its drift towards Nazism from the budgets of their existential philosophy. What role does spiritual anti-Semitism play in the Heideggerian critique of neo-Kantianism and transcendental phenomenology? Why is Husserl's phenomenology "a monstrosity"? Why does Kant become the battle and battlefield of the Kulturkampf? Why do you read Heidegger as you read? What is the meaning of the practice of the history of philosophy in the “final” of philosophy?


Author(s):  
Françoise Dastur ◽  
Robert Vallier

This chapter examines R. Hermann Lotze's interpretation of the theory of ideas and how it influenced the development of Husserlian phenomenology by offering a reading of Lotze's third book of his Logic. It suggests that, although he had assimilated Lotze's theory of validity (Geltung) and theory of ideas, Edmund Husserl proposes a theory of knowledge that is different from Lotze's. It argues that, as Martin Heidegger did in his Winter Semester 1925–1926 course, Husserl rejoins Aristotle's theory of the reciprocal opposition of the known and the knower, and thus begins to escape the impasse to which the modern notion of object leads at the level of the sixth of his Logical Investigations. For, as Heidegger claims, with the Lotzian theory of Geltung, the final stage of the decadence of the question of truth is not yet achieved.


Author(s):  
Jens Zimmermann

The history of hermeneutics is a conversation about knowledge. ‘Hermeneutics: a brief history’ begins with knowledge in the ancient world, where not only mathematics and logic, but also poetry, rhetoric, and philosophy were counted as important sources of objective truth. This view of knowledge changed from the 14th century onwards. The ancients asked how knowledge could enable a virtuous life; moderns focus more on the epistemological question: ‘how we can know that something is true?’ But whose interpretation of truth was the right one? The thinking of René Descartes, Daniel Friedrich Schleiermacher, Wilhelm Dilthey, Edmund Husserl, and Martin Heidegger is explained before considering hermeneutics after Heidegger.


Pflege ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 361-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Schoppmann ◽  
Martin Pohlmann

Der vorliegende Aufsatz beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, welche philosophischen Traditionen der phänomenologischen Perspektive in der Pflegeforschung zugrunde liegen. Der Begriff «Phänomenologie» wird häufig sowohl auf wissenschaftstheoretischer als auch auf methodischer Ebene synonym verwendet. Neben dieser Namensgleichheit der Phänomenologie als philosophische Tradition und als Forschungsansatz finden sich in der pflegewissenschaftlichen Literatur weitere Benennungen wie beispielsweise hermeneutische, interpretive oder auch interpretative Phänomenologie. Es fällt damit zunächst schwer, diese unterschiedlichen Ansätze zu differenzieren und so für eine konkrete pflegewissenschaftliche Fragestellung zu nutzen. Die Unterschiede und die daraus resultierenden Konsequenzen für phänomenologische Forschungsansätze in der Pflegewissenschaft sollen hier beschrieben werden, wobei Gedanken von Edmund Husserl und Martin Heidegger besondere Berücksichtigung finden.


Author(s):  
Ivan Blecha

Unlike Martin Heidegger, who was always critical of Plato’s role in the history of philosophy, and Jan Patočka, who was more charitable but still had serious misgivings about Plato, Edmund Husserl saw Plato truly positively. However, his view resulted from the fact that he had simplified Plato’s theory substantially and adapted it to his own view of philosophy. According to Husserl, Plato was an inspirational figure as a founder of philosophical ‘theory of science’, and because he sought abstract knowledge of the Forms, he could serve as a useful contrast to the one-sided philosophy of modern empiricism. This paper attempts to present Husserl’s position in a greater detail and assess it.


Rural History ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Courtney

The publication of The Art and Mystery of Historical Archaeology, a festschrift in honour of James Deetz, makes a useful starting point for assessing the remarkable development of American historical archaeology over the last four decades. The discipline of ‘historical archaeology’ is the New World equivalent of British post-medieval archaeology. It is the study of the material culture of colonial and industrial America. Unlike its highly marginalised British counterpart, the discipline has seen an enormous growth in America over the last two decades, reflected in the creation of numerous posts both in universities and public-sector archaeology. This article seeks firstly to discuss some of the main contributions to the festchrift and areas of promise for future research. Secondly it will assess the relevance of some recent contributions on the history of consumption to Deetz's concept of the ‘Georgian world view’ and the notion of radical change in eighteenth-century material culture.


2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-779
Author(s):  
David Gutkin

H. Lawrence Freeman's “Negro Jazz Grand Opera,” Voodoo, was premiered in 1928 in Manhattan's Broadway district. Its reception bespoke competing, racially charged values that underpinned the idea of the “modern” in the 1920s. The white press critiqued the opera for its allegedly anxiety-ridden indebtedness to nineteenth-century European conventions, while the black press hailed it as the pathbreaking work of a “pioneer composer.” Taking the reception history of Voodoo as a starting point, this article shows how Freeman's lifelong project, the creation of what he would call “Negro Grand Opera,” mediated between disparate and sometimes apparently irreconcilable figurations of the modern that spanned the late nineteenth century through the interwar years: Wagnerism, uplift ideology, primitivism, and popular music (including, but not limited to, jazz). I focus on Freeman's inheritance of a worldview that could be called progressivist, evolutionist, or, to borrow a term from Wilson Moses, civilizationist. I then trace the complex relationship between this mode of imagining modernity and subsequent versions of modernism that Freeman engaged with during the first decades of the twentieth century. Through readings of Freeman's aesthetic manifestos and his stylistically syncretic musical corpus I show how ideas about race inflected the process by which the qualitatively modern slips out of joint with temporal modernity. The most substantial musical analysis examines leitmotivic transformations that play out across Freeman's jazz opera American Romance (1924–29): lions become subways; Mississippi becomes New York; and jazz, like modernity itself, keeps metamorphosing. A concluding section considers a broader set of questions concerning the historiography of modernism and modernity.


2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-244
Author(s):  
Ralf Becker ◽  
Egbert Witte ◽  
Meike Siegfried ◽  
Ernst Wolfgang Orth ◽  
Annette Hilt ◽  
...  

Edmund Husserl: Wahrnehmung und Aufmerksamkeit. Texte aus dem Nachlass (1893-1912); Martin Heidegger: Geschichte der Philosophie von Thomas von Aquin bis Kant; Thomas Bedorf, Kurt Röttgers (Hg.): Die französische Philosophie im 20. Jahrhundert. Ein Autorenhandbuch; Günter Figal: Verstehensfragen. Studien zur phänomenologisch-hermeneutischen Philosophie; Guy van Kerckhoven: Epiphanie. Reine Erscheinung und Ethos ohne Kategorie; Christian Lotz: From Affectivity to Subjectivity. Husserl’s phenomenology revisited; Claus Stieve: Von den Dingen lernen. Die Gegenstände unserer Kindheit


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