scholarly journals Quantum Cosmology vs. Observational Cosmology (A Simple, Curious and Advanced Approach)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. V. S. Seshavatharam ◽  
S. Lakshminarayana
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Hubble Parameter ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Critical Density ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Critical Energy ◽  
Observational Cosmology ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Cosmic Expansion ◽  
Expansion Speed

With reference to Planck scale Hubble parameter, super luminal expansion speeds, super luminal rotation speeds, Mach’s principle and Holographic principle, we review the current cosmological observations with eight simple assumptions. By understanding Yuri N. Obukhov and V.A. Korotky proposed cosmic rotational effects of polarization of radiation due to massive bodies, to some extent cosmic rotation can be deep-rooted in an observational approach and the ratio of current angular velocity and Hubble parameter can be estimated. It is possible to show that, at H0 =70 km/sec/Mpc, current cosmic temperature, age, radius, mass, mass density are 2.721 K, 4.41x1017 sec, 90 billion light years, 1.14654x1054 kg, 0.0482 times the current critical density respectively. Clearly speaking, current universe seems to constitute 267 Hubble spheres. Important point to be noted is that, current rotational kinetic energy is 0.6667 times the current critical energy. Based on the estimated current mass density and current rotational kinetic energy, current cosmic dark matter density can be shown to be 0.2851 times the current critical density. These numerical coincidences cast serious doubt on the on the real existence of currently believed ‘dark energy’. Initial and current expansion speeds are 3x108 m/sec and 3.56x109 m/sec respectively. With increasing cosmic age and increasing cosmic expansion speed, current universe is expanding with a speed of 11.885c. By knowing the time to time future cosmic temperatures, future Hubble parameters and corresponding future cosmic expansion speeds can be estimated and thus future expansion speed can be understood. Starting from ‘speed of light’, our model assumes a continuous increase in expansion speed and attains a current radius of 90 billion light years (without inflationary concepts) and casts a serious doubt on the actuality of currently believed ‘inflation’.

scholarly journals Quantum Cosmology vs. Observational Cosmology (A Simple, Curious and Advanced Approach)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. V. S. Seshavatharam ◽  
S. Lakshminarayana
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Hubble Parameter ◽  
Quantum Cosmology ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Critical Density ◽  
Observational Cosmology ◽  
Cosmic Expansion ◽  
Expansion Speed ◽  
The Future

With reference to Planck scale Hubble parameter, super luminal expansion speeds, super luminal rotation speeds and Mach’s principle, we review the current cosmological observations. With our revised assumptions, it is possible to show that, at H0 =70 km/sec/Mpc, current cosmic temperature, age, radius, mass, mass density and rotational kinetic energy are 2.721 K, 4.41 x 1017 sec, 90 billion light years, 1.14654 x 1054 kg, 0.0482 times the current critical density and 0.6667 times the current critical energy density respectively. Based on the estimated current mass density and current rotational kinetic energy density, current cosmic dark matter density can be shown to be 0.2851 times the current critical density. Initial and current expansion speeds are 3 x 108 m/sec and 3.56 x 109 m/sec respectively. Proceeding further, we developed two interesting methods for understanding cosmic scale factor with reference to a temperature of 3000 K, redshift of 1100 and age of 3,69,000 years. Finally we would like to suggest that, with increasing cosmic age and increasing cosmic expansion speed, current universe is expanding with a speed of 11.885c. Magnitude of the future cosmic expansion speed depends on the magnitude of the future Hubble parameter. By knowing the time to time future cosmic temperatures, corresponding future Hubble parameters can be estimated and corresponding future cosmic expansion speeds can also be estimated.Proceeding further, a unified model of evolving quantum cosmology can be developed.

scholarly journals The 2Mass Redshift Survey

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 487-491
Author(s):  
J. Huchra ◽  
E. Tollestrup ◽  
S. Schneider ◽  
M. Skrutski ◽  
T. Jarrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Galaxy Clusters ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Local Density ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Density Field ◽  
Observational Cosmology ◽  
Microwave Background ◽  
Flow Measurements

With the current convergence of determinations of the Hubble Constant (e.g. The Extragalactic Distance Scale, 1997, Livio, Donahue and Panagia, eds.) to values within ±25% rather than a factor of two, and the clear possibility of determining q0 using high redshift supernovae (Garnavich et al. 1998), the major remaining problem in observational cosmology is the determination of Ω — what is the dark matter, how much is there, and how is it distributed? The most direct approach to the last two parts of the question has been to study galaxy dynamics, first through the motions of galaxies in binaries, groups and clusters, and in the last decade and a half, driven by the observation of our motion w.r.t. the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and thenotion that DM must be clumped on larger scales than galaxy clusters if (Ω is to be unity, through the study of large scale galaxy flows. The ratio of the mass density to the closure mass density, Ω, is thought by most observers to be ~0.1-0.3, primarily based on the results of dynamical measurements of galaxy clusters and, more recently, gravitational lensing studies of clusters. In contrast, most theoretical cosmologists opt for a high density universe, Ω = 1.0, based on the precepts of the inflation scenario, the difficulty of forming galaxies in low density models given the observed smoothness of the microwave background radiation, and the observational evidence from the matching of the available large scale flow measurements (and the absolute microwave background dipole velocity) to the local density field. However this last result is extremely controversial—matching the velocity field to the density field derived from IRAS (60μ) selected galaxy samples yields high Ω values (e.g., Dekel et al. 1993) but matching to optically selected samples yields low values (Hudson 1994; Lahav et al. 1994; Santiago et al. 1995). On small scales, the high Ω camp argues that the true matter distribution is much more extended than the distribution of galaxies, so the dynamical mass estimates are biased low.

The “still point” cosmology

2005 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
pp. 514-515
Author(s):  
Ivan I. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Scalar Field ◽  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Hubble Parameter ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Critical Density ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Universe

Recent results on supernovae as standard candles (Riess et al. 1998; Perlmutter et al. 1999) and on CMB anisotropy (Lineweaver 1998) indicate that ΩM ≍ 0.3-0.4, Ωv ≍ 0.6-0.7, ΩM + Ωv ≍ 1. By definition, ΩM = ρM/ρcr, ΩV = ρv/ρcr, where ρM is the matter density, ρv is the vacuum density; the critical density ρcr = 3H2/8πG; H is the Hubble parameter, G is the gravitational constant. In the standard Friedmann-Lemaître cosmologies, these results seriously constrain the non-dimensional cosmological constant (as defined below): Δ ≫ 1, meaning that the Universe expands forever. If a scalar field is present, the future evolution may be different.

scholarly journals Surrounding matter theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Frederic Lassiaille
Keyword(s):  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gravitational Force ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Critical Density ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Newtonian Potential ◽  
Alternative Theory ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Matter Theory

S.M.T. (Surrounding Matter Theory), an alternative theory to dark matter, is presented. It is based on a modification of Newton's law. This modification is done by multiplying a Newtonian potential by a given factor, which is varying with local distribution of matter, at the location where the gravitational force is exerted. With this new equation the model emphasizes that a gravitational force is roughly inversely proportional to mass density at the location where this force is applied. After presentation of the model, its dynamic is quickly applied to cosmology and galaxy structure. Some possible caveats of the model are identified. But the simple mechanism described above suggests the idea of a straightforward solution to the following issues: virial theorem mystery, the bullet cluster (“1E 0657-56” galaxy clusters) issue, the strong relative velocity of its subclusters, the value of cosmological critical density, the fine tuning issue, and expansion acceleration. Nucleosynthesis is not explained and would require a different model for radiation era. But a de Sitter Universe is predicted, this means that the spatial curvature, K, is 0, and today's deceleration parameter, q, is -1. The predicted time since last scattering is 68 h-1Gyr. With this value SMT explains heterogeneities of large scale structure and galaxy formation. Each kind of experimental speed profiles are retrieved by a simulation of a virtual galaxy. In the simulations, ring galaxies are generated by SMT dynamic itself, without the help of any particular external event. Those studies give motivation for scientific comparisons with experimental data.

Observational cosmology

2021 ◽  
pp. 398-416
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Steane
Keyword(s):  
Deceleration Parameter ◽  
Hubble Parameter ◽  
Statistical Error ◽  
Simple Calculation ◽  
Observational Cosmology ◽  
Spatial Curvature ◽  
Sky Surveys ◽  
Redshift Surveys ◽  
Accelerating Expansion ◽  
Age Estimates

The main strands of observation in cosmology are presented. These are redshift surveys using standard candles; galaxy distributions; age estimates drawing on a number of strands of evidence; and the CMB radiation. The chapter begins with a discussion of systemtic and statistical error in measurements, and explains the terminology of “Lambda CDM” model. Observations are combined with the Friedman equation in order to constrain the density parameters in a LCDM model. Data from supernova surveys are used to obtain the Hubble parameter and the deceleration parameter, and hence evidence of an accelerating expansion. Evidence of the BAO process is deduced from sky surveys, and used to constrain the spatial curvature. The CMB radiation is discussed at length. The Sachs-Wolfe effect is obtained by a simple calculation,. The method to deduce spatial curvature from the position of the acoustic peaks is outlined. Further features such as spectal index and polarization are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Long-term implications of observing an expanding cosmological civilization

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jay Olson
Keyword(s):  
Angular Separation ◽  
Separation Distance ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Single Observation ◽  
Cosmic Expansion ◽  
Cosmological Distance ◽  
First Mover Advantage ◽  
Expansion Speed ◽  
The Universe

AbstractSuppose that advanced civilizations, separated by a cosmological distance and time, wish to maximize their access to cosmic resources by rapidly expanding into the universe. How does the presence of one limit the expansionistic ambitions of another, and what sort of boundary forms between their expanding domains? We describe a general scenario for any expansion speed, separation distance and time. We then specialize to a question of particular interest: What are the future prospects for a young and ambitious civilization if they can observe the presence of another at a cosmological distance? We treat cases involving the observation of one or two expanding domains. In the single-observation case, we find that almost any plausible detection will limit one's future cosmic expansion to some extent. Also, practical technological limits to expansion speed (well below the speed of light) play an interesting role. If a domain is visible at the time one embarks on cosmic expansion, higher practical limits to expansion speed are beneficial only up to a certain point. Beyond this point, a higher speed limit means that gains in the ability to expand are more than offset by the first-mover advantage of the observed domain. In the case of two visible domains, it is possible to be ‘trapped’ by them if the practical speed limit is high enough and their angular separation in the sky is large enough, i.e. one's expansion in any direction will terminate at a boundary with the two visible civilizations. Detection at an extreme cosmological distance has surprisingly little mitigating effect on our conclusions.

The Mass Density of the Universe

2005 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
pp. 322-329
Author(s):  
Neta A. Bahcall
Keyword(s):  
Dark Energy ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Critical Density ◽  
Light Distribution ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Clusters Of Galaxies ◽  
Light Function ◽  
The Universe

One of the most fundamental questions in cosmology is: How much matter is there in the Universe and how is it distributed? Here I show that several independent measures-including those utilizing clusters of galaxies-all indicate that the mass-density of the Universe is low-only ˜20% of the critical density. Recent measurements of the mass-to-light function-from galaxies, to groups, clusters, and superclusters-provide a powerful new measure of the universal density. The results reveal a low density of 0.16±0.05 the critical density. The observations suggest that, on average, the mass distribution follows the light distribution on large scales. The results, combined with the recent observations of high redshift supernovae and the spectrum of the CMB anisotropy, suggest a Universe that has low density (Ωm ⋍0.2), is flat, and is dominated by dark energy.

scholarly journals An Accelerating and Rotating Planck-Hubble Universe (A Very Simple Model of Quantum Cosmology)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. V. S. Seshavatharam ◽  
S. Lakshminarayana
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Hubble Parameter ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Cosmic Acceleration ◽  
Expansion Velocity ◽  
Ordinary Matter

With reference to Planck scale, increasing support for large scale cosmic anisotropy and preferred directions and by considering an increasing ratio of Hubble parameter to angular velocity, right from the beginning of Planck scale, we make an attempt to estimate ordinary matter density ratio, dark matter density ratio, mass, radius, temperature, age and expansion velocity (from and about the baby universe in all directions). We would like suggest that, from the beginning of Planck scale, 1) Dark matter can be considered as a kind of cosmic foam responsible for formation of galaxies. 2) Cosmic angular velocity decreases with square of the decreasing cosmic temperature. 3) Increasing ratio of Hubble parameter to angular velocity plays a crucial role in estimating increasing cosmic expansion velocity and decreasing density ratios of dark matter and ordinary matter. 4) There is no need to consider dark energy for understanding cosmic acceleration.

scholarly journals Light Speed Expansion and Rotation of a Very Dark Machian Universe Having Internal Acceleration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
U.V.S. Seshavatharam ◽  
S. Lakshminarayana
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Hubble Parameter ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Angular Acceleration ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Light Speed ◽  
Visible Matter

With reference to Mach’s relation, an attempt has been made to develop a practical model of cosmology. Main features of this integrated model are: eternal role of Planck scale and Mach’s relation, light speed expansion and rotation, slow thermal cooling, internal acceleration and anisotropy. At any stage of cosmic expansion, there exists a tight correlation between gravitational self energy density, thermal energy density, cosmic angular velocity and Hubble parameter. In this model, total cosmic matter is dark matter only. During cosmic evolution, part of galactic dark matter is slowly transforming to visual mass. Magnitude of galactic dark mass is proportional to . Considering the current cosmic maximum angular acceleration, MOND’s approach implicitly seems to support the cosmological estimation of 95% invisible matter and 5% visible matter. Estimated flat rotation speeds of DD168, Milky Way and UGC12591 are 49.96 km/sec, 199.66 km/sec and 521.75 km/sec respectively. As per the reference data, their corresponding flat rotation speeds are 52 km/sec, 202.6 km/sec and 500 km/sec respectively. Within a range of (50 to 500) km/sec, these striking coincidences are strongly supporting our proposed concepts. We are working on collecting data for most of the galaxies and updating this draft with detailed tables and figures in our next revision. Proceeding further, applying our idea to Sun and Proton, their current dark masses are and respectively. Current cosmic graviton wave length seems to be around 3.6 mm. Even though, this model is free from ‘big bang’, ‘inflation’, ‘dark energy’, ‘flatness’ and ‘red shift’ issues, at estimated present Hubble parameter is cosmic radius is 146.3 times higher than the Hubble radius, angular velocity is 146.3 times smaller than the Hubble parameter and cosmic age is 146.3 times the Hubble age. With future observations and advanced telescopes, it may be possible to see far distance galaxies and very old stars far beyond our Milk Way.

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