scholarly journals Recent Advances in Photo-Responsive Polypeptide Derived Nano-Assemblies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Yang ◽  
Houliang Tang ◽  
Hao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Spatiotemporal Control

Stimuli-responsive polymeric materials have attracted significant attentions in a variety of high-value-added and industrial applications during the past decade. Among various stimuli, light is of particular interest as a stimulus due to its unique advantages such as precisely spatiotemporal control, mild conditions, ease of use, and tunability. In recent years, a lot of effort toward synthesis of biocompatible and biodegradable polypeptide has resulted in many examples of photo-responsive nanoparticles. Depending on the specific photochemistry, those polypeptide derived nano-assemblies are capable of crosslinking, disassembling, or morphing into other shapes upon light irradiation. In this mini-review, we aim to assess the current state of photo-responsive polypeptide based nanomaterials. First, those “smart” nanomaterials will be categorized by their photo-triggered events (i.e., crosslinking, degradation, and isomerization) which are inherently governed by photo-sensitive functionalities including o-nitrobenzyl, coumarin, azobenzene, cinnamyl, and spiropyran. In addition, the properties and applications of those polypeptide nanomaterials will be highlighted as well. Finally, the current challenges and future directions of this subject will be evaluated.

Reflections on Thirty Years of Muqarnas

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülru Necipoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Board Members ◽  
Islamic Art ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Advisory Boards ◽  
Current State ◽  
Thirtieth Anniversary ◽  
History Of ◽  
Art And Architecture ◽  
State Of The Field

In this volume marking the thirtieth anniversary of Muqarnas, the Editor reflects on the evolution of the journal over the years. To that end, the members of the Editorial and Advisory Boards were sent a questionnaire, asking them to comment on the contributions of Muqarnas and its Supplements series to the field of Islamic art and architecture studies over the past three decades, and to provide suggestions for future directions. Their observations, thoughts, and hopes for Muqarnas have been anonymously incorporated into this essay, which, in conversation with their comments, looks back on the history of the publication and offers some possibilities for the path it might take going forward.
The goal here is neither to assess the historiography nor to examine the current state of the field thirty years after the opening essay of volume 1. Instead, the focus is on the development and impact of both Muqarnas and the Supplements series in a highly specialized field with relatively few and short-lived or sporadic journals, before turning to the successes and shortcomings of these publications, as outlined by some of the board members. 


scholarly journals Machine Learning Interpretability: A Survey on Methods and Metrics

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo V. Carvalho ◽  
Eduardo M. Pereira ◽  
Jaime S. Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Learning Systems ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Black Boxes ◽  
Interpretable Models

Machine learning systems are becoming increasingly ubiquitous. These systems’s adoption has been expanding, accelerating the shift towards a more algorithmic society, meaning that algorithmically informed decisions have greater potential for significant social impact. However, most of these accurate decision support systems remain complex black boxes, meaning their internal logic and inner workings are hidden to the user and even experts cannot fully understand the rationale behind their predictions. Moreover, new regulations and highly regulated domains have made the audit and verifiability of decisions mandatory, increasing the demand for the ability to question, understand, and trust machine learning systems, for which interpretability is indispensable. The research community has recognized this interpretability problem and focused on developing both interpretable models and explanation methods over the past few years. However, the emergence of these methods shows there is no consensus on how to assess the explanation quality. Which are the most suitable metrics to assess the quality of an explanation? The aim of this article is to provide a review of the current state of the research field on machine learning interpretability while focusing on the societal impact and on the developed methods and metrics. Furthermore, a complete literature review is presented in order to identify future directions of work on this field.

scholarly journals Economics in the Former Soviet Union

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Alexeev ◽  
Clifford Gaddy ◽  
Jim Leitzel
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Economics Profession

One of the most notable, but least discussed, aspects of the halting attempts during the past six years to reform the economies of the Soviet Union, and now those of its successor states, has been the prominent role played by professional economists. Not since the mid-1920s has the Soviet political leadership felt so strongly the need to draw upon the expertise of the economics profession to help determine its course of action. In this paper, we attempt to characterize the current state of economics in the former Soviet Union, investigate the implications that the condition of Soviet economics has for reform, and suggest possible future directions for the discipline. Our information comes from four main sources: professional publications of Soviet and Western economists, published remarks by Soviet economists, personal interviews and discussions which we conducted with young Soviet economists in the summers of 1990 and 1991, and a questionnaire administered to Soviet economists and graduate students in the Soviet Union.

Microwave Processing of Ceramics - An Overview

1992 ◽  
Vol 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willard H. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Microwave Processing ◽  
Microwave Energy ◽  
Early Developmental Stage ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Early Developmental

ABSTRACTDuring the past decade, many exploratory studies and experiments have been performed on the microwave heating and processing of ceramics and composite materials. Much of this effort was stimulated by the unique and potential benefits that microwave energy can provide over conventional processing methods. While microwave processing of ceramics is still in an early developmental stage, there are many areas yet to be explored, challenges to be met, and economic and commercial payoffs to be substantiated.Since the first MRS International Symposium on Microwave Processing in 1988, interest in this field has grown and many new developments have occurred. The purpose of this paper is to highlight some of the recent advances, to discuss the current state-of-the-art, and to suggest some future directions.

Shoulder Arthroplasty: Current State of Affairs and Future Directions

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjan Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Arthroplasty ◽  
Implant Design ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Current State ◽  
Reliable Procedure ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Shoulder Arthroplasties

Shoulder arthroplasty is a reliable procedure used to treat glenohumeral arthritis thanks to the efforts of many orthopaedic surgeons and design engineers over the past thirty years. Surgeons such Drs. Charles Neer and Robert Cofield were instrumental to making clinical observations that were effectively translated into improving implant design and clinical outcomes. Yet, there remains much room for further growth and development. With the increase numbers of shoulder arthroplasties performed, new observations and problems have been recognized that remain unanswered.

HYDRODYNAMIC THRUST BEARINGS WITH POLYMER LINING

Tribologia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 268 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał WODTKE
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Hydrodynamic Bearings ◽  
Thrust Bearings ◽  
Sliding Surfaces ◽  
Current State ◽  
Tilting Pad ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bearing Design ◽  
Experimental Researches

Polymeric linings of sliding surfaces of the hydrodynamic bearings have been used successfully for over 50 years. Despite of their long history of operation and research, they have not become widespread in industrial applications. This fact may be surprising, considering the conclusions that have been published concerning bearing operation and design. This paper summarizes the current state of the art of the tilting-pad thrust bearings with a polymer lining of pad sliding surfaces. Bearing design and the most commonly used polymeric materials are described. The results of the latest theoretical and experimental researches by both bearing manufacturers and at scientific centres are presented. Observed properties of the bearings with polymer lining were compared to the properties of the bearings covered with Babbitt, which is the most frequently material used as lining for hydrodynamic bearings.

Report from the 2nd Int. Workshop on Education through Advanced Software Engineering and Artificial Intelligence (EASEAI '20)

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-29
Author(s):  
Benoît Vanderose ◽  
Julie Henry ◽  
Benoît Frénay ◽  
Xavier Devroey
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Software Engineering ◽  
Engineering Education ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Software Engineering Education ◽  
Current State ◽  
Amount Of Knowledge ◽  
Software Engineering Tools

In the past years, with the development and widespread of digi- tal technologies, everyday life has been profoundly transformed. The general public, as well as specialized audiences, have to face an ever-increasing amount of knowledge and learn new abilities. The EASEAI workshop series addresses that challenge by look- ing at software engineering, education, and arti cial intelligence research elds to explore how they can be combined. Speci cally, this workshop brings together researchers, teachers, and practi- tioners who use advanced software engineering tools and arti cial intelligence techniques in the education eld and through a trans- generational and transdisciplinary range of students to discuss the current state of the art and practices, and establish new future directions. More information at https://easeai.github.io.

scholarly journals Robotic manipulation and sensing of deformable objects in domestic and industrial applications: a survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 688-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Sanchez ◽  
Juan-Antonio Corrales ◽  
Belhassen-Chedli Bouzgarrou ◽  
Youcef Mezouar
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Robotic Manipulation ◽  
Deformable Objects ◽  
Food Handling ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Deformable Object ◽  
Surgical Assistance ◽  
Current State

We present a survey of recent work on robot manipulation and sensing of deformable objects, a field with relevant applications in diverse industries such as medicine (e.g. surgical assistance), food handling, manufacturing, and domestic chores (e.g. folding clothes). We classify the reviewed approaches into four categories based on the type of object they manipulate. Furthermore, within this object classification, we divide the approaches based on the particular task they perform on the deformable object. Finally, we conclude this survey with a discussion of the current state-of-the-art approaches and propose future directions within the proposed classification.

Chemical Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for the Production of Bioproducts: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim ◽  
Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas ◽  
Norizan Mohd Nurazzi ◽  
Mohd Saiful Asmal Rani ◽  
Mahamud Siti Nur Atikah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Steam Explosion ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Chemical Pretreatment ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ammonia Fiber Explosion ◽  
The Common ◽  
Future Direction

Lignocellulosic biomass has attracted great interest from researchers. It was due to the abundance of this valuable material which can be converted into value-added materials such as nanocellulose, biocomposites, bioelectricity, biohydrogen and biosugars. Lignocellulosic biomass is consisting of the three major components which are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. In order to utilize lignocellulosic biomass for bioproducts manufacturing, they need to be pretreated prior to further processing. Pretreatment can be carried out either by mechanical, chemical, biological or combination of all these methods. Chemical pretreatment are the common method used to pretreat the lignocellulosic biomass in order to completely or partially remove the components. During the past few years, a large number of chemical pretreatment including lime, acid, steam explosion, sulfur dioxide explosion, ammonia fiber explosion, ionic liquid and others have been discovered for efficient pretreatment of biomass. Several types of chemical pretreatment of fibers and their future direction and also challenges were tackled in this review. This review could be beneficial for future directions in the pretreatment of fiber for the development of several products.

Current state and future directions of neurochemical biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniëlle de Jong ◽  
Berry P.H. Kremer ◽  
Marcel G.M. Olde Rikkert ◽  
Marcel M. Verbeek
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Amyloid Β Protein ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Β Protein ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers ◽  
Made In

AbstractIn this comprehensive review, we summarize the current state-of-the-art of neurochemical biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Predominantly, these biomarkers comprise cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers directly related to the pathophysiology of this disorder (such as amyloid β protein, tau protein). We particularly pay attention to the innovations in this area that have been made in technological aspects during the past 5 years (e.g., multiplex analysis of biomarkers, proteomics), to the discovery of novel, potential biomarkers (e.g., amyloid β oligomers, isoprostanes), and to the extension of this research towards identification of biomarkers in plasma.Clin Chem Lab Med 2007;45:1421–34.

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