scholarly journals Science-sustainability Transformational Paradox: An Interdisciplinary and Inter-Institutional Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq H. Malik ◽  
Huo Chunhui
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Institutional Analysis ◽  
Institutional Context ◽  
Energy Science ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Face ◽  
The One ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

The Science-Sustainability poses an interdisciplinary paradox. On the one hand, the science for sustainability has increased in OECD economies in and in China as well as in the US in particular; on the other hand; the sustainability situation has worsened (Co2 emission has risen). On the face value, the adverse correlation shows a paradox. However, without explicating the science-sustainability relationship, it leads to a premature conclusion. In this study, we have drawn on three concrete questions for concrete answers. First, whether and how interdisciplinary sciences—energy science and environmental science—contribute to the sustainability. Second, whether and how the Sino-US inter-institutional analysis varies in the science-sustainability paradox. The empirical analysis from a panel data in the interdisciplinary and inter-institutional context show mixed patterns in three ways. First, the increase in the environmental science shows an improvement in the sustainability; the energy science shows a decline in the sustainability. Second, the Chinese environmental science has a comparative advantage to American environment science for the sustainability development, and the Chinese energy science has a comparative disadvantage to the US in the sustainability development. Third, the environmental science mediates the energy science in the science-sustainability relationships. Standing alone, the increase in the energy science harms sustainability; mediated by environmental science, it benefits sustainability. The study explains the adverse role of energy science in Jevons Paradox. The study also offers some policy paths for further research how capitalisms differently innovate, form strategies, and implement the practice.

scholarly journals Energy Saving as an Important Factor in Ensuring Product Competitiveness

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (48) ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
O. P. Vashkiv ◽  
◽  
S. B. Smereka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprise ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Face ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The article is aimed at studying the features of energy saving at a manufacturing enterprise and establishing a cause-and-effect relationship between energy saving and product competitiveness. Due to analyzing and generalizing the research results of domestic and foreign scientists the views of researchers on the process of energy saving at a manufacturing enterprise are systematized; the growing role of energy saving in ensuring energy efficiency and, consequently, product competitiveness is established. The research results show that energy saving at an enterprise is one of its most important assets, the impact of which on the level of product competitiveness is becoming increasingly important in the face of the exacerbating energy and environmental crises. Energy saving, basically focusing on the intensification of production processes and use of energy and energy resources, on the one hand, reduces the level of specific energy consumption and, consequently, the price of the released product while maintaining or increasing its quality; on the other hand, it reduces the carbon loading on the environment, thus contributes to the growth of the company's image among its consumers and partners. Both components are the most important factors in ensuring product competitiveness. The development and implementation of energy saving measures at industrial enterprises, with regard to the industry-specific character of economic entities, market conditions, and the requirements of environmental standards can serve as prospects for further research

The Resilient Constitution

2021 ◽  
pp. 277-309
Author(s):  
David Dyzenhaus ◽  
Alma Diamond
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Extreme Pressure ◽  
The Face ◽  
Justice Process ◽  
The One

This chapter evaluates the so called 'transitional constitution' of South Africa and the 'permanent constitution' of Colombia. Through a comparative approach, it contends that constitutions are better understood in terms of their resilience rather than either being transitional or permanent, and that a 'resilient constitution' is the one capable of springing back even after being subjected to extreme pressure, as long as leaders maintain their commitment to governing within the limits of the law. In this sense, the differences between the Colombian transitional justice and the South African case do not stem primarily from the 'permanence' of its Constitution, but rather from the difficulties and tensions inherent to any transitional justice process, because it derives from some of the very rights it is designed to promote. The chapter then details how the jurisprudence of the Colombian Constitutional Court on transitional matters can be understood as having moved from an understanding of the Constitution as permanent, to one of resilience that does not represent a new power grabbed by the Court. Rather than that, it signals an understanding of the role of the Court in maintaining a constitutional order even in the face of existential threats to it.

The Great Complement Shift and the role of understood subjects: The case of fearful

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Gentens ◽  
Juhani Rudanko
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Diachronic Change ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Senses ◽  
Control Patterns ◽  
The One

Abstract This article reports on a corpus-based study of diachronic change and constructional competition in the system of English complementation, with a focus on variation in non-finite complements of the adjective fearful. Fearful occurs with prepositional (of -ing) subject-controlled gerunds and with to-infinitives, which can further be distinguished into subject extraposition, subject control, and tough-constructions. Recent decades show a drastic decline of the to-infinitival patterns, concomitant to the loss of one of the senses of fearful. We examine the diachronic distribution and competition of the two construction pairs that show functional overlap, i.e. tough-constructions and extraposition constructions on the one hand, and infinitival and gerundial subject-control patterns on the other. This allows us to show the import of the ‘Great Complement Shift’ in the face of constructional attrition and to investigate new principles motivating the choice for either the to-infinitival or the gerundial subject-control construction. More specifically, the study provides further evidence for the ‘Choice Principle’, which involves the (lack of) agentivity of the understood subject in the event described by the lower clause. In this way, the study adds new explanatory factors and descriptive insights to our knowledge of the broader diachronic change known as the Great Complement Shift.

scholarly journals Does Protection Really Matter? A Case Study from Central European Oak Forests

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Kamila Reczyńska ◽  
Krzysztof Świerkosz
Keyword(s):  
Oak Forests ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
The Face ◽  
Phytosociological Relevés ◽  
Sw Poland ◽  
The One ◽  
Duration Of Protection

In the face of a rapidly changing global environment, detailed research into the actual role of protected areas (PAs) in preventing the destruction of ecosystems and the loss of biodiversity became particularly important. Using 304 phytosociological relevés of oak forests from SW Poland, we monitored their state of preservation reflected by the share of synanthropes (Ws-c index) in relation to (i) duration of protection, (ii) status of protected area, (iii) main topographic factors, and (iv) bedrock type. We show that the Ws-c index of studied forests depends primarily on the habitat conditions, especially bedrock type, while both the duration and status of protection are not relevant. The most disturbed are forests developing on serpentine substrates regardless of whether they are protected or not. Within the rest of the investigated sites, the Ws-c index is significantly lower and does not meaningfully differ between protected and unprotected areas. On the one hand, our results suggest that the fact of establishing protection does not ensure a favourable state of conservation of forest communities. On the other hand, well-preserved forest communities can also be expected outside PAs what makes them an important target for nature protection in the future.

Impotence and Intransigence: State Behavior in the Throes of Deepening Global Crisis

1994 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuwa Wong
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
State Behavior ◽  
Global Crisis ◽  
Group Solidarity ◽  
Common Descent ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The Face ◽  
The One ◽  
Do So

This article approaches the current global environmental crisis from an evolutionary perspective. It identifies two features in contemporary states' behavior: impotence and intransigence in the face of global crisis. These traits stem from humanity's evolutionary past, in which groups had to maintain their integrity while surviving intergroup competition. Contemporary sovereign states are groups that have survived this process, and they guard their sovereignty vigilantly. They do so by instituting coercive measures on the one hand and cultivating members' loyalty on the other. A belief of common descent must be articulated successfully in order for members to feel group solidarity. Hence, states are intransigent in maintaining that they truly represent the welfare of their members. To the extent that states are successful in inculcating a belief of common descent and identity, they are also constrained in acting altruistically—hence, their impotence in the face of deepening global crisis. To find a way out of this dilemma, strategic alternatives are explored. The emerging role of nongovernment organizations, with certain caveats, is seen as promising.

scholarly journals International Law of State Responsibility and COVID-19: An Ideology Critique

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-121
Author(s):  
Robert Knox ◽  
Ntina Tzouvala
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
International Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
State Responsibility ◽  
Ideology Critique ◽  
Capitalist Production ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Us ◽  
The One

Abstract Despite minimal prospects of success, international lawyers spent the first few months of the global pandemic discussing whether the rules of state responsibility could be invoked against states, especially China, for their acts and omissions regarding COVID-19. In this piece, we take these debates seriously, if not necessarily literally. We argue that the unrealistic nature of these debates does not make them irrelevant. Rather, we propose an ideology critique of state responsibility as a legal field. Our approach is two-fold. First, we argue these debates need to be situated within the rise of geopolitical competition between the US and its allies on the one hand and China on the other. In this context, state responsibility is always laid at the feet of one’s opponents. Secondly, we posit that my emphasising the role of states, recourse to state responsibility renders invisible the role of transnational processes of capitalist production and exchange that have profound effects on nature and set the stage for the emergence and spread of infectious diseases. Drawing from the work of the geographer Neil Smith, we argue against the ‘naturalisation’ of disasters performed much of the international legal discourse about COVID-19.

Sounding the Unheard River: Reflections on an Ecological Sound Art Praxis as a Response to Ecosystem Distress

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trish Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Sound Art ◽  
The Face ◽  
Multiple Audiences ◽  
The One ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

This article reflects on a body of academic and practice-based work in the contexts of praxis. It asserts that in the face of systemic issues pertaining to ecosystem crisis, multidisciplinary approaches are required, which also enable the agency of the researcher to continue their work in challenging circumstances. In reflecting on the work conducted, the article aims to offer an insight into multiple ways in which knowledge about ecosystem distress can be communicated to multiple audiences. Furthermore, in providing a reflexive account of an ecological sound art project titled The Miracle of the One Thing, the article aims to shed light on the role of practice-based approaches in communicating ecosystem distress. It implicitly offers an alternative to the ‘ocularcentrism’ of the visual turn. It questions the assumption that communication about ecosystem crisis is necessarily visual or written, and places the role of sonic practices to the fore.

Sustaining Earth: Thoughts on the present and future roles of mineralogy in environmental science

2002 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Hochella
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Delicate Balance ◽  
The Face

AbstractSustaining Earth, in the face of both technology thrusts and population dynamics, depends on our ability to maintain a delicate balance between human-promoted planetary modification and decline thresholds for land (soils), water, atmosphere, and biological systems. Mineralogy, as much as any other single science, will be central to this process. A set of links between Earth sustainability issues and the science of mineralogy are formulated and discussed in this discourse. The strongest ties exist in the areas of mineral-water and mineral-atmosphere interactions. Minerals are also particularly important in human disease generation. In addition, due to the role of minerals as invaluable economic resources, the environmental consequences of mining also come into play. New subdisciplines have recently emerged to bring mineralogy even closer to Earth sustainability issues, particularly mineral-microbe interaction science and nanomineralogy

scholarly journals Payment for legal services in the USA civil procedure: Contingent fee, American rule and their impact on the judicial caseload

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-711
Author(s):  
Dmitrii V. Kniazev ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Judicial System ◽  
Legal Services ◽  
The Us ◽  
Contingent Fee ◽  
Settlement Agreement ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

The article deals with the influential mechanism of the contingent fee and the American rule on the number of filings to the US judicial system, and, consequently, on the judicial caseload as a whole. The author concludes that at the moment there is no uniform idea about the role of contingent fee arrangements and the American rule in the growth of the number of filings to courts. There are two opposing views on this issue: those who stand on the side of the plaintiffs’ attorneys (and therefore for the contingent fee and for the American rule), on the one hand, and those who act on behalf of the defendants (which means against these institutions). With certainty, it can only be argued that the contingent fee and the American rule complement each other. The contingent fee justifies its existence by expanding the accessibility of justice. Under the fee, those who are unable to pay for the services of a lawyer get the opportunity to go to court. And this availability is largely based on the plaintiff ’s belief that even in the event of a loss, he will not have to pay the defendant’s costs. Together, these rules, according to their supporters, make it possible to ensure the implementation of one of the unshakable values — the right of every American to get their “day in court”. At the same time, many facts indicate that the “bundle” of the contingent fee and the American rule has led to an increase in the number of clearly unreasonable, frivolous, nuisance lawsuits that are filed not with the aim of obtaining a positive court decision, but only to persuade the defendant to accept a settlement agreement on the payment of compensation to the plaintiff.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence: Serving American Security and Chinese Ambitions

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
H. Obeid ◽  
F Hillani, ◽  
R. Fakih ◽  
K. Mozannar
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
United States ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Us ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Technological Strength

In recent years artificial intelligence has entered a new era, which gives rise to many hopes for powerful states such as the United States and China. In this paper, we analyze the importance and role of artificial intelligence in technological development in each of the two countries on the one hand, and its influence on China-American relations in terms of technological and geopolitical conflict. To get the right results, we rely on a literature review of dozens of articles published on the phenomenon in order to compare the power of artificial intelligence between the United States and China where we found that the US still has technological strength, especially in the field of artificial intelligence, but we can say that a large force is beginning pose a threat for it which is China that has great technological capabilities so, we can say that the United States should work more in this field. Also, we found that artificial intelligence has a primary goal in both countries, it helps China to achieve its ambitions to be the leader of the world, and this intelligence, on the other hand, provides protection and security to the United States. This paper is divided into three sections. The first section focuses on the importance of artificial intelligence in achieving China’s ambitions, the second section explains the role of artificial intelligence in the US protection service, and the third section describes the technological and geopolitical conflict resulting from the competition in artificial intelligence between these two countries. Keywords: Artificial intelligence, United States, China, Conflict, leader.

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