scholarly journals Control of Hydraulic Pulse System Based on the PLC and State Machine Programming

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juraj PANCIK ◽  
Pavel MAXERA
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
State Machine ◽  
Pulse System ◽  
System User ◽  
Control Electronics ◽  
Multithreaded Program ◽  
Functional Prototype ◽  
Hydraulic Pulse

In the paper is described the control electronics for an industrial pneumatic – hydraulic system based on a low-cost PLC. The developed system is a hydraulic pulse system and it generates series of high pressure hydraulic pulses (max. 200 bar). We describe requirements, an overall concept of the embedded control system, user interface, security features and network connectivity. In the description of the software solution we describe implementation of hierarchical ordered program threads (multithreaded program) and main control state machine. At the conclusion, we describe the calibration method of the system and calibration curves and we present the schematic diagram and a photo of a functional prototype of the system.

scholarly journals Control of Hydraulic Pulse System Based on the PLC and State Machine Programming

Designs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Juraj Pančík ◽  
Pavel Maxera
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
State Machine ◽  
Networked Control System ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Pulse System ◽  
Hydraulic Pulse

In this paper, we deal with a simple embedded electronic system for an industrial pneumatic–hydraulic system, based on a low-cost programmable logic controller (PLC) and industrial electronic parts with 24 V logic. The developed system is a hydraulic pulse system and generates a series of high-pressure hydraulic pulses with up to a max. 200 bar output pressure level and with up to a max. 2 Hz output hydraulic pulses frequency. In this paper we are describing requirements, the concept of the embedded control system in a diagram, security features and its industrial network connectivity (CAN bus, MODBUS). In description of the software solution we describe the implementation of the program threads approach in this low-cost PLC. The PLC programming with threads generate two layers of services—physical and application layer, and as a result, the threads create the main control state machine. In conclusion, we describe the calibration method of the system and the calibration curves. For further study we offer readers the full programming code written in sequential function charts to be used as PLC language. The cost of the described industrial networked control system with industry standard optoelectronic insulated interfaces and certified industrial safety relay does not exceed €1000 Euros.

scholarly journals A DCM Based Attitude Estimation Algorithm for Low-Cost MEMS IMUs

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heikki Hyyti ◽  
Arto Visala
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Extended Kalman Filter ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Direction Cosine ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Attitude Estimation ◽  
Mems Sensors ◽  
Acceleration Sensors ◽  
Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter

An attitude estimation algorithm is developed using an adaptive extended Kalman filter for low-cost microelectromechanical-system (MEMS) triaxial accelerometers and gyroscopes, that is, inertial measurement units (IMUs). Although these MEMS sensors are relatively cheap, they give more inaccurate measurements than conventional high-quality gyroscopes and accelerometers. To be able to use these low-cost MEMS sensors with precision in all situations, a novel attitude estimation algorithm is proposed for fusing triaxial gyroscope and accelerometer measurements. An extended Kalman filter is implemented to estimate attitude in direction cosine matrix (DCM) formation and to calibrate gyroscope biases online. We use a variable measurement covariance for acceleration measurements to ensure robustness against temporary nongravitational accelerations, which usually induce errors when estimating attitude with ordinary algorithms. The proposed algorithm enables accurate gyroscope online calibration by using only a triaxial gyroscope and accelerometer. It outperforms comparable state-of-the-art algorithms in those cases when there are either biases in the gyroscope measurements or large temporary nongravitational accelerations present. A low-cost, temperature-based calibration method is also discussed for initially calibrating gyroscope and acceleration sensors. An open source implementation of the algorithm is also available.

Gyro Drift Calibration in Low Cost Inertial System

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Zhao ◽  
Rong Ma ◽  
Weiguo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Fuzzy Reasoning ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Inertial System ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Dynamic Estimation ◽  
Gyro Drift

Abstract An intelligent gyro drift calibration method for low-cost inertial system is presented in this paper. This method based on fuzzy reasoning and dynamic estimation can calibrate time-varying gyro drift in the motion of vehicle. Experiments have been done on three strapdown inertial all-attitude systems constituted of piezoelectric rate gyros. The result shows that this method is effective by which the residual of piezoelectric gyro drift can be reduced to about one percent of its original drift value.

Paperometer: A Low-Cost Incentive Spirometer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shonit Nair Sharma ◽  
Devrina Chidambaram ◽  
Gianna Mizzi ◽  
Daniel Rosen ◽  
Kristin Slaughter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Innovative Solution ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Functional Prototype ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Respiratory Rehabilitation

Abstract As a preemptive response to the widespread need for respiratory medical devices developing in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, we propose a low-cost incentive spirometer for respiratory rehabilitation in patients with reduced lung function. An incentive spirometer manufactured entirely out of recyclable material, termed “Paperometer,” aims to address the multifaced problem of medical device inaccessibility: high cost, lack of user- or environmental-friendliness, and unavailability to those who need them the most. Operating in accordance with governing physical formulae including Ohm’s law and the Hagen-Poiseuille equation, Paperometer is intended to improve the user’s lung function through repeated use of the device, which facilitates slow, deep breaths of air. Several prototypes were created based on a list of design criteria established through background research and stakeholder interviews. From four initial prototypes, all created predominantly from simple foldable geometries, one design was selected for further iteration. The most promising functional prototype was crafted from recyclable plastic and paper folded into various shapes including a box, tube, and pinwheel. The Paperometer concept stands as an innovative solution to reduce the cost and environmental burden of meeting the demand for medical devices. Once validated, the device may serve as an important tool in combating the ongoing global pandemic.

scholarly journals A Fast Calibration and Compensation Method for Magnetometers in Strap-Down Spinning Projectiles

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 4157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dafeng Long ◽  
Xiaoming Zhang ◽  
Xiaohui Wei ◽  
Zhongliang Luo ◽  
Jianzhong Cao
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Attitude Estimation ◽  
Attitude Measurement ◽  
Angle Error ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Zero Bias ◽  
Launch Site ◽  
Spinning Projectile

Attitude measurement is an essential technology in projectile trajectory correction. Magnetometers have been used for projectile attitude measurement systems as they are small in size, lightweight, and low cost. However, magnetometers are seriously disturbed by the artillery magnetic field during launch. Moreover, the error parameters of the magnetometers, which are calibrated in advance, usually change after extended storage. The changed parameters have negative effects on attitude estimation of the projectile. To improve the accuracy of attitude estimation, the magnetometers should be calibrated again before launch or during flight. This paper presents a fast calibration method specific for a spinning projectile. At the launch site, the tri-axial magnetometer is calibrated, the parameters of magnetometer are quickly obtained by optimal ellipsoid fitting based on a least squares criterion. Then, the calibration parameters are used to compensate for magnetometer outputs during flight. The numerical simulation results show that the proposed calibration method can effectively determine zero bias, scale factors, and alignment angle errors. Finally, a semi-physical experimental system was designed to further verify the performance of the calibration method. The results show that pitch angle error reduces from 3.52° to 0.58° after calibration. The roll angle error is reduced from 2.59° to 0.65°. Simulations and experimental results indicate that the accuracy of magnetometer in strap-down spinning projectile has been greatly enhanced, and the attitude estimation errors are reduced after calibration.

New Calibration Method for Implementing Machine Learning in Low-Cost Sensor Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Niko Murrell ◽  
Ryan Bradley ◽  
Nikhil Bajaj ◽  
Julie Whitney ◽  
George T.-C. Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Sensor Applications

scholarly journals MANUFACTURE OF A DIE PROTOTYPE FOR DIDACTIC PURPOSES IN MECHATRONIC ENGINEERING

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
ELIEL EDUARDO MONTIJO-VALENZUELA ◽  
SAUL DANIEL DURAN-JIMENEZ ◽  
LUIS ALBERTO ALTAMIRANO-RÍOS ◽  
JOSÉ ISAEL PÉREZ-GÓMEZ ◽  
OSCAR SALMÓN-AROCHI
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Die Design ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Technological Institute ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Models ◽  
Functional Prototype ◽  
Definition Of

The objective of this research is to manufacture a prototype of a teaching die for the specialty of precision mechanical design in mechatronic engineering, in order to achieve the skills required in unit two, regarding dies. The methodology used consists of five stages: 1. Definition of the preliminary conditions. 2. Theoretical calculations for die design. 3. Design, modeling and assembly using computer-aided software (CAD) of the parts that make up the die. 4. Validation with simulation of finite element analysis (AEF). 5. Manufacture of parts and physical assembly of the die. A functional prototype was obtained with which the teacher and student can perform calculations, designs and CAD models, AEF analysis of the static and fatigue type, manufacture of rapid prototypes using 3D printing, the identification of the parts that make up a die and their functioning. The advantage of this prototype, compared to metal die-cutting machines, is its low cost of production and manufacturing, it does not require expensive and specialized machinery for manufacturing, specific designs can be made by the students and its subsequent manufacture within the laboratories of the Technological Institute of Hermosillo.

scholarly journals High Quality Zenith Tropospheric Delay Estimation Using a Low-Cost Dual-Frequency Receiver and Relative Antenna Calibration

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Krietemeyer ◽  
Hans van der Marel ◽  
Nick van de Giesen ◽  
Marie-Claire ten Veldhuis
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Tropospheric Delay ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Mean Square Errors ◽  
Antenna Calibration

The recent release of consumer-grade dual-frequency receivers sparked scientific interest into use of these cost-efficient devices for high precision positioning and tropospheric delay estimations. Previous analyses with low-cost single-frequency receivers showed promising results for the estimation of Zenith Tropospheric Delays (ZTDs). However, their application is limited by the need to account for the ionospheric delay. In this paper we investigate the potential of a low-cost dual-frequency receiver (U-blox ZED-F9P) in combination with a range of different quality antennas. We show that the receiver itself is very well capable of achieving high-quality ZTD estimations. The limiting factor is the quality of the receiving antenna. To improve the applicability of mass-market antennas, a relative antenna calibration is performed, and new absolute Antenna Exchange Format (ANTEX) entries are created using a geodetic antenna as base. The performance of ZTD estimation with the tested antennas is evaluated, with and without antenna Phase Center Variation (PCV) corrections, using Precise Point Positioning (PPP). Without applying PCVs for the low-cost antennas, the Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE) of the estimated ZTDs are between 15 mm and 24 mm. Using the newly generated PCVs, the RMSE is reduced significantly to about 4 mm, a level that is excellent for meteorological applications. The standard U-blox ANN-MB-00 patch antenna, with a circular ground plane, after correcting the phase pattern yields comparable results (0.47 mm bias and 4.02 mm RMSE) to those from geodetic quality antennas, providing an all-round low-cost solution. The relative antenna calibration method presented in this paper opens the way for wide-spread application of low-cost receiver and antennas.

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