scholarly journals Relationship between Vitamin C and Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akio Tada ◽  
Hiroko Miura
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Blood Level ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Vitamin C is important in preventing and slowing the progression of many diseases. There is significant evidence linking periodontal disease and vitamin C. We aimed to systematically review studies addressing the relationship between vitamin C and periodontal disease and the preventive ability of vitamin C against periodontal disease. Electric searches were performed using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Studies addressing the relationships between periodontal disease and vitamin C in adults aged over 18 years were included. Quality assessment was done using Critical Appraisal Skills Program guideline and GRADE-CERQual. Seventy hundred and sixteen articles were retrieved and fifteen articles (7 cross-sectional studies, 2 case-control studies, 2 cohort studies, and 4 randomized controlled trial [RCT]) were selected by reviewing all articles. Vitamin C intake and blood level were negatively related to periodontal disease in all 7 cross-sectional studies. Subjects who suffer from periodontitis presented lower vitamin C intake and lower blood vitamin C level than subjects without periodontal disease in the two case-control studies. Patients with lower dietary intake or lower blood level of vitamin C showed greater progression of periodontal disease than did the controls. Intervention using vitamin C administration improved gingival bleeding in gingivitis but not in periodontitis. Alveolar bone absorption was also not improved. The present systematic review suggested that vitamin C contributes to reduced risk of periodontal disease.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Vitamin C and Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 2472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akio Tada ◽  
Hiroko Miura
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
The Relationship

Vitamin C is important for preventing and slowing the progression of many diseases. There is significant evidence linking periodontal disease and vitamin C. We aimed to systematically review the studies addressing the relationship between vitamin C and periodontal disease, and the preventive ability of vitamin C against periodontal disease. Electric searches were performed using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Studies addressing the relationships between periodontal disease and vitamin C in adults aged over 18 years were included. Quality assessment was done using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program guideline and GRADE-CERQual. There were 716 articles that were retrieved and 14 articles (seven cross-sectional studies, two case-control studies, two cohort studies, and three randomized controlled trials (RCT)) were selected after reviewing all of the articles. The vitamin C intake and blood levels were negatively related to periodontal disease in all seven cross-sectional studies. The subjects who suffer from periodontitis presented a lower vitamin C intake and lower blood-vitamin C levels than the subjects without periodontal disease in the two case-control studies. The patients with a lower dietary intake or lower blood level of vitamin C showed a greater progression of periodontal disease than the controls. The intervention using vitamin C administration improved gingival bleeding in gingivitis, but not in periodontitis. Alveolar bone absorption was also not improved. The present systematic review suggested that vitamin C contributes to a reduced risk of periodontal disease.

The Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus in Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Inês Rosa ◽  
Geraldo Doneda Silva ◽  
Priscyla Waleska Targino de Azedo Simões ◽  
Meriene Viquetti Souza ◽  
Ana Paula Ronzani Panatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectiveWe performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in ovarian cancer.MethodsA comprehensive search of the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CANCERLIT, LILACS, Grey literature and EMBASE was performed for articles published from January 1990 to March 2012. The following MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms were searched: “ovarian tumor” or “ovarian cancers” and “HPV” or “human papillomavirus.” Included were case-control and cross-sectional studies, prospective or retrospective, that evaluated clinical ovarian cancer and provided a clear description of the use of in situ hybridization, Southern blot hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction. The statistical analysis was performed using REVMAN 5.0.ResultsIn total, 24 primary studies were included in this meta-analysis. Studies from 11 countries on 3 continents contained data on HPV and ovarian cancer, including 889 subjects. Overall, the HPV prevalence in patients with ovarian cancer was 17.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.0%–20.0%). Human papillomavirus prevalence ranged from 4.0% (95% CI, 1.7%–6.3%) in Europe to 31.4% (95% CI, 26.9%–35.9%) in Asia. An aggregate of 4 case-control studies from Asia showed an odds ratio of 2.48 (95% CI, 0.64–9.57).ConclusionsWe found a high prevalence of HPV-positive DNA in ovarian cancer cases, but the role of HPV in ovarian cancer remains inconclusive. Further studies are needed to control case to answer this question.

scholarly journals Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 640
Author(s):  
Daniela Lembo ◽  
Francesco Caroccia ◽  
Chiara Lopes ◽  
Francesco Moscagiuri ◽  
Bruna Sinjari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Background and Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between periodontal disease and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Materials and Methods: Electronic search using PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, and Cochrane library was carried out for randomized controlled trials, cohort, case-control, longitudinal and epidemiological studies on humans published from January 2009 until September 2020. The participants had to be male and female adults who were diagnosed with OSAS either by overnight polysomnography (carried out at a sleep laboratory or at home) or by a home sleep testing monitor (Apnea Risk Evaluation System). Methodological quality assessment was carried out using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) for case-control studies while an adapted form of NOS was used for cross-sectional studies. Results: Ten studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria of our review, 5 were case-control studies, and 5 cross-sectional. Sample size ranged from 50 to 29,284 subjects, for a total of 43,122 subjects, 56% of them were male, their age ranged from 18 to 85 years old. The heterogeneity among the studies regarding the classification of periodontal disease, and the different methods for OSAS severity assessment, complicated the comparison among the studies. Conclusions: There is low evidence of a possible association between OSAS and periodontitis. The pathophysiological mechanism, cause-effect, or dose-response relationship are still unclear. Further studies are needed and should use a precise classification of OSAS subjects, while the new classification of periodontitis from the World Workshop of Chicago 2017 should be used for the periodontal assessment.

scholarly journals Neurology and neuropsychiatry of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the early literature reveals frequent CNS manifestations and key emerging narratives

2021 ◽  
pp. jnnp-2021-326405
Author(s):  
Jonathan P Rogers ◽  
Cameron J Watson ◽  
James Badenoch ◽  
Benjamin Cross ◽  
Matthew Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Literature ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

There is accumulating evidence of the neurological and neuropsychiatric features of infection with SARS-CoV-2. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to describe the characteristics of the early literature and estimate point prevalences for neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL up to 18 July 2020 for randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies and case series. Studies reporting prevalences of neurological or neuropsychiatric symptoms were synthesised into meta-analyses to estimate pooled prevalence. 13 292 records were screened by at least two authors to identify 215 included studies, of which there were 37 cohort studies, 15 case-control studies, 80 cross-sectional studies and 83 case series from 30 countries. 147 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The symptoms with the highest prevalence were anosmia (43.1% (95% CI 35.2% to 51.3%), n=15 975, 63 studies), weakness (40.0% (95% CI 27.9% to 53.5%), n=221, 3 studies), fatigue (37.8% (95% CI 31.6% to 44.4%), n=21 101, 67 studies), dysgeusia (37.2% (95% CI 29.8% to 45.3%), n=13 686, 52 studies), myalgia (25.1% (95% CI 19.8% to 31.3%), n=66 268, 76 studies), depression (23.0% (95% CI 11.8% to 40.2%), n=43 128, 10 studies), headache (20.7% (95% CI 16.1% to 26.1%), n=64 613, 84 studies), anxiety (15.9% (5.6% to 37.7%), n=42 566, 9 studies) and altered mental status (8.2% (95% CI 4.4% to 14.8%), n=49 326, 19 studies). Heterogeneity for most clinical manifestations was high. Neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms of COVID-19 in the pandemic’s early phase are varied and common. The neurological and psychiatric academic communities should develop systems to facilitate high-quality methodologies, including more rapid examination of the longitudinal course of neuropsychiatric complications of newly emerging diseases and their relationship to neuroimaging and inflammatory biomarkers.

scholarly journals Is Premenstrual Syndrome Associated with Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status? A Systematic Review of Case–Control and Cross-Sectional Studies

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Dominika Granda ◽  
Maria Karolina Szmidt ◽  
Joanna Kaluza
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a cyclically occurring combination of various symptoms, leading to decreased life quality among approximately 30% of women of childbearing age. PMS etiology remains unknown; however, there are some suggestions that inappropriate inflammatory response and oxidative stress are involved. This study aimed to systematically review case–control and cross-sectional studies investigating inflammation markers, oxidative stress, and antioxidant status among women with PMS and controls. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (no. CRD42020178545), and the authors followed the guidelines for performing a systemic review recommended by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). By searching PubMed and Scopus databases (up to 8 January 2021), six case–control studies and five cross-sectional studies of medium or high quality were classified to the review. The systematic review included 652 women with PMS and 678 controls, for whom 36 eligible markers were determined. Limited evidence indicates increased levels of inflammatory parameters and suggests decreased antioxidant status in PMS women. Insufficient data with inconsistent results made it impossible to formulate a firm conclusion on the contribution of oxidative stress in PMS occurrence. To acknowledge the role of inflammation, oxidative stress, and antioxidant status in the pathophysiology of PMS, further research with case–control design and large study groups is needed.

scholarly journals The neurology and neuropsychiatry of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the early literature reveals frequent CNS manifestations and key emerging narratives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P Rogers ◽  
Cameron Watson ◽  
James Badenoch ◽  
Benjamin Cross ◽  
Matthew Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Literature ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Objectives There is accumulating evidence of the neurological and neuropsychiatric features of infection with SARS-CoV-2. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to describe the characteristics of the early literature and estimate point prevalences for neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo and CINAHL up to 18 July 2020 for randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies and case series. Studies reporting prevalences of neurological or neuropsychiatric symptoms were synthesised into meta-analyses to estimate pooled prevalence. Results 13,292 records were screened by at least two authors to identify 215 included studies, of which there were 37 cohort studies, 15 case-control studies, 80 cross-sectional studies and 83 case series from 30 countries. 147 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The symptoms with the highest prevalence were anosmia (43.1% [35.2-51.3], n=15,975, 63 studies), weakness (40.0% [27.9-53.5], n=221, 3 studies), fatigue (37.8% [31.6-44.4], n=21,101, 67 studies), dysgeusia (37.2% [30.0-45.3], n=13,686, 52 studies), myalgia (25.1% [19.8-31.3], n=66.268, 76 studies), depression (23.0 % [11.8-40.2], n=43,128, 10 studies), headache (20.7% [95% CI 16.1-26.1], n=64,613, 84 studies), anxiety (15.9% [5.6-37.7], n=42,566, 9 studies) and altered mental status (8.2% [4.4-14.8], n=49,326, 19 studies). Heterogeneity for most clinical manifestations was high. Conclusions Neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms of COVID-19 in the pandemic's early phase are varied and common. The neurological and psychiatric academic communities should develop systems to facilitate high-quality methodologies, including more rapid examination of the longitudinal course of neuropsychiatric complications of newly emerging diseases and their relationship to neuroimaging and inflammatory biomarkers.

Determining the Correlation Between Antiphospholipid Antibodies and Epilepsy: A Systematic Review

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 4629-4629
Author(s):  
S Tanzil Rahman ◽  
Jorge Burneo ◽  
Blanca Del Pozzo-Magana ◽  
Erin Boyce ◽  
Alejandro Lazo-Langner
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibodies ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibody ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Seizure Disorders ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Abstract 4629 Background: Seizures are frequently found in patients with autoimmune diseases such as lupus and APS. Recent publications concluded that APLAs are associated with seizures and their presence results in more poor control. Conversely, the presence of auto-antibodies directed against different targets, including APLA, voltage-gated potassium channels, c-aminobutyric acid B receptor, GAD, and others, have been identified in up to 20% of newly-diagnosed epilepsy patients and there is increasing evidence of their pathogenic role. Objective: We sought to evaluate the relationship between epilepsy and antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA) and/or antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). This was done by means of a systematic review of the literature. We sought to answer four questions: 1) Are epilepsy and seizure disorders more prevalent among pts. with aPLAS/aPLAs?; 2) Is aPLAS more prevalent among patients with epilepsy or seizure disorders?; 3) In those with seizure disorders, is there a heightened prevalence of aPLAs?; 4) Does the presence and titre of aPLAs determine the severity and/or frequency of seizures, in these patients? Design/Methods: We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the relationship between APLA (including anticardiolipin Ab, anti beta-2-glycoprotein-1 Ab, and lupus anticoagulant) and epilepsy. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Healthstar, the Cochrane library, LILACS, Scopus and grey literature. We included cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies studying the prevalence of epilepsy in patients with APS and/or +APLA, the prevalence of +APLA and/or APS in patients with epilepsy, and the severity of the seizures in patients with +APLA and/or APS. Results: The search retrieved 837 relevant references and 79 were retrieved for full review. We included in the final review 24 studies (19 case-control, 3 cohort and 2 cross-sectional). In 3 cohorts, including 1585 patients with APS, the frequency of epilepsy ranged between 3.4 and 8.5%. In 16 case-control studies, including 3893 patients, the OR for +APLA and/or APS in patients with epilepsy ranged from 0.60 to 13.3 in individual studies. In 2 case-control studies, including 804 patients, the OR for epilepsy in patients with +APLA and/or APS ranged from 0.83 to 2.82 in individual studies. An OR or RR could be calculated in only 17 studies, and within this group, twelve positive and five negative studies were identified. No meta-analysis was conducted due to the high heterogeneity of designs. In 4 studies, an association was found between +APLA and seizure frequency and severity. In positive studies there was no correlation between +APLA, epilepsy and cerebral ischemia. Conclusions: We conclude that +APLA/APS might be related with higher risk and severity of epilepsy, however further studies using accepted consensus definitions for APLA positivity, more stringent methodology and appropriate subgroup analysis are needed. Disclosures: Lazo-Langner: Pfizer: Honoraria; Leo Pharma: Honoraria.

scholarly journals The Effect of Prophylactic HPV Vaccines on Oral and Oropharyngeal HPV Infection—A Systematic Review

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1339
Author(s):  
Kristoffer Juul Nielsen ◽  
Kathrine Kronberg Jakobsen ◽  
Jakob Schmidt Jensen ◽  
Christian Grønhøj ◽  
Christian Von Buchwald
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Oropharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Hpv Vaccines ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Human papillomavirus (HPV) imposes an increased risk of developing cervical, anal and oropharyngeal cancer. In the Western world, HPV infection is currently the major cause of oropharyngeal cancer. The effectiveness of HPV vaccines for oral or oropharyngeal HPV infection is yet to be determined. This study conducted a systematic literature search in Pubmed and Embase. Studies investigating the impact of HPV vaccines on oral or oropharyngeal HPV infection were enrolled. This review reports the relative prevention percentage (RPP), including a risk of bias assessment as well as a quality assessment study. Nine studies were included (48,777 participants): five cross-sectional studies; one randomized community trial study (RCT); one longitudinal cohort study; and two case-control studies. A significant mean RPP of 83.9% (66.6–97.8%) was calculated from the cross-sectional studies, 82.4% in the included RCT and 83% in the longitudinal cohort study. Further, two case-control studies that measured antibody response in participants immunized with HPV vaccines were included. Respectively, 100% and 93.2% of participants developed HPV-16 Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in oral fluids post-vaccination. Analysis of the studies identified a significant decrease in vaccine-type oral or oropharyngeal HPV infections in study participants immunized with HPV vaccines across study designs and heterogenous populations. Further, a significant percentage of participants developed IgG antibodies in oral fluid post-vaccination.

scholarly journals Psychosis in children of separated parents: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Ayerbe ◽  
María Pérez-Piñar ◽  
Quintí Foguet-Boreu ◽  
Salma Ayis
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Parental Separation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Abstract Background. Parental separation is a very common childhood adversity. The association between other adverse childhood experiences and an increased risk of psychosis has been reported. However, the evidence on the risk of psychosis for children of separated parents is limited. In this systematic review, cohort, case–control, and cross-sectional studies, comparing the risk of psychotic disorders for people with and without separated parents, were searched, critically appraised, and summarized. Methods. Studies were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and the Web of Science, from database inception to September 2019. A meta-analysis, using random-effects models, was undertaken to obtain pooled estimates of the risk of psychosis among participants with separated parents. Results. Twelve studies, with 305,652 participants from 22 countries, were included in the review. A significantly increased risk of psychosis for those with separated parents was observed, with a pooled odds ratio: 1.53 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29–1.76), p < 0.001. The association remained significant when cohort, case–control, and cross-sectional studies were analyzed separately. The five cohort studies included in this review showed and increased risk of psychosis with odds ratio: 1.47 (95% CI: 1.26–1.69), p < 0.001. Conclusions. Parental separation is a common childhood adversity associated with an increased risk of psychosis. Although the risk for an individual child of separated parents is still low, given the high proportion of couple that separate, the increased rates of psychosis may be substantial in the population. Further studies on the risk of psychosis in those with separated parents, and the explanatory factors for this association, are required.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with premature myocardial infarction: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e023647
Author(s):  
Sagar B Dugani ◽  
Ana Patricia Ayala Melendez ◽  
Roger Reka ◽  
Yousif M Hydoub ◽  
Shannon N McCafferty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Primary Screening ◽  
Premature Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

IntroductionPremature myocardial infarction (MI) generally refers to MI in men ≤55 years or women ≤65 years. Premature MI is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease (CVD), which claimed 17.6 million lives globally in 2016. Reducing premature MI and CVD is a key priority for all nations; however, there is sparse synthesis of information on risk factors associated with premature MI. To address this knowledge gap, we are conducting a systematic review to describe the association between risk factors (demographics, lifestyle factors and biomarkers) and premature MI.Methods and analysisThe following databases were searched from inception to June 2018: CENTRAL, CINAHL, Clinical Trials, EMBASE and MEDLINE. We will include original research articles (case–control, cohort and cross-sectional studies) that report a quantitative relationship between at least one risk factor and premature MI. Two investigators will use predetermined selection criteria and independently screen articles based on title and abstract (primary screening). Articles that meet selection criteria will undergo full-text screening based on criteria used for primary screening (secondary screening). Data will be extracted using predetermined data extraction forms. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for case–control and cohort studies will be used to evaluate the risk of bias and will be adapted for cross-sectional studies. Whenever feasible, data will be summarised into a random-effects meta-analysis.Ethics and disseminationTo our knowledge, this will be the first study to synthesise results on the relationship between risk factors and premature MI. These findings will inform healthcare providers on factors associated with risk of premature MI and potentially improve primary prevention efforts by guiding development of interventions. These findings will be summarised and presented at conferences and through publication in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018076862.

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