Assessment of the tissue respiration intensity after cardiopulmonary bypass by studying erythrocytes morphology

Introduction. It was previously unknown that the form of erythrocytes depends on their interaction with oxygen. The form of red blood cells is reversible and changes both after passing through the lungs (oxygenator), and after gas exchanges in the tissues.Purpose of the study. In order to study the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on the erythrocyte morphology, the intensity of gas exchanges in the body tissues of the patient was determined using morphometric analysis of the form of erythrocytes.Material and methods. To achieve this goal, we developed a method for the morphometric analysis of erythrocytes «in vitro». Blood test was performed before surgery, on the 10th and every 30th minute of CPB, 12 hours after surgery.Results. Using this fact, we studied tissue respiration intensity. We found that normal arterial blood contains 85 % [80–95 %] red blood cells covered with small «villi» (0.3–0.4 μm), whereas venous blood consists mostly of «large-villous» erythrocytes (length of the «villi» 0.4–1.0 μm, 70 % [6–80 %]). During pairwise comparison we found the significant difference in the proportion of «large-villous» red blood cells in arterial blood before (15 % [5–20 %]) and after (35 % [20–50 %]) CPB. Partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide changes throughout CPB and it shows changes in oxygen carrying capacity of blood. Decrease in the oxygen capacity of the blood reflects the intensity of tissue respiration on the one hand, and the degree of mechanical damage to red blood cells on the other.Conclusion. Heart surgery in infrared conditions lead to pronounced shifts in the ratio of discocytes and pathological forms of red blood cells in the blood. Inhibition of the red blood oxygen consumption during CPB indicates changes in the metabolic reactions, erythrocytes morphology and functionality. These data give us more complete understanding of the pathophysiological changes throughout CPB. The proposed method of erythrocytes morphometric analysis can be used as an express blood test in heart surgery with CPB, enabling better understanding of red blood state.

The relationships between ripeness, vigour and methods of harvest of winter wheat grain

The purpose of our vigour tests was to reveal the relationships betwen the viability of wheat grains, their germination rate and capacity and respiration intensity. The wheat grain was collected in two ways. The first grain was removed from the ears immediately after harvest (denoted as series A) and the second grain was left in the ears at room temperature for two weeks after harvest (denoted as series B). This grain was harvested at three stages of ripeness (milk, wax and full ripeness). Our results demonstrated that wheat grain at the full ripeness stage was of better biological quality than that at milk and wax ripeness stages. The grain of series B from all ripeness stages showed a higher viability than the grain of series A. On the other hand, grains at milk, wax and full repeness in series B were more mature than those at milk, wax and full ripeness in series A. Therefore it can be concluded probably that the embryo and endosperm in the latter grains were much more developed and much organic matter was passing from the stalk to the seeds when they were kept in the ear for two weeks after harvest.

Bioactivities and Moisture Absorption of Germinated Wheat during Storage

Two germinated wheat varieties,Zhengmai 366andAikang 58, were stored under relative humidity of 70% and temperatures of 25°C and 30°C, respectively. The successive change of moisture content, germination rate, respiration and microbial activity was determined to assess the storage safety of germinated wheat during moisture absorption. Results showed that the germinated wheat absorbed moisture to the equilibrium level within 5d in the early stored period. The equilibrium moisture at 25°C was higher than at 30°C. The budded wheat exhibited higher germination rate, however, the percentage decreased distinctly as the stored period extended. The microbial activities enhanced greatly in the course of moisture absorption, when moisture equilibrium, the microbial activities dropped continuously as the stored period prolonged. Under the tested temperature, the respiration intensity of germinated wheat with 12% moisture content was weaker, whereas the wheat with 14.5% moisture content represented greater respiration than the former, and the respiration at 30°Cwas observed higher than at 25°C.

Study of Effect on Soil Salinity and Respiration Intensity by the Straw Compost

After the straw fermentation and add in soil for pot experiment, analysis of the soil pH, salinity, respiration intensity, and the relationship between soil pH and respiration intensity, salinity and respiration intensity before and after pot, concluded: pot under experimental conditions help to reduce soil pH and salinity, increase soil respiration intensity, soil pH, salinity and soil respiration intensity trends reverse. Experimental results show that the conditions for the experimental group 19-27 are more conducive to low soil pH and salinity, increase soil respiration intensity, and to improve soil properties, making it suitable for crop growth.

ІНТЕНСИВНІСТЬ ДИХАННЯ ПЛОДІВ АБРИКОСА ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД СПОСОБУ ЇХ ОБРОБКИ АНТИОКСИДАНТНОЮ КОМПОЗИЦІЄЮ АКМ

Встановлено, що із досліджених способів обробкиплодів абрикоса найбільш ефективним є обприску-вання їх розчином антиоксидантної композиціїАКМ перед збиранням, яке сприяє утворенню наповерхні плоду найбільш однорідної захисної плівкитовщиною 7,0–7,5 мкм та забезпечує рівномірнийрозподіл антиоксидантів по їх поверхні. Така об-робка дозволяє в 1,4–1,5 рази знизити інтенсив-ність дихання плодів, відсунути на більш пізністроки настання клімактеричного підйому та, якнаслідок, подовжити термін їх зберігання до 55 діб. It is established that the studied methods of processingthe apricot fruit is the most effective way to spray thefruit with a solution of antioxidant compositions AKMbefore harvest, which provides forming on the apricotssurface film of uniform thickness, which reduces the respiration intensity of fruits in 1,4-1,5 times.

Influence of Iron on Respiration in Corn (Zea Mays) Seedlings

In this paper the influence of iron in different concentrations of FeCl3 solution on the respiration of corn (Zea mays) seedlings was observed. The following variants were used: V1 – as control, V2 = 0.1%FeCl3, V3 = 0.5%FeCl3, V4= 1%FeCl3. The respiration intensity of the 4 variants was determined applying the confined atmosphere procedure (Boysen-Jensen). This is a method based on determining the quantity of produced CO2. In case of this procedure, the contact between vegetal material and atmosphere takes place in a closed recipient, in which CO2 - resulted from respiration – is fixed by a solution of Ba(OH)2. An increase of the respiration intensity was noted, proportional with the increase of the administered FeCl3 solution concentration. Iron ion enters in the structure of cytochromes, which are components of the respiratory chain. Its presence in the growing environment of the corn seedlings led to the respiration increase. The intensity increase quickly evolves with low concentrations of iron, for example the variant with a concentration of 0.1% salt of FeCl3, for which it increased with 184% compared to the control, as the increase intensifies at concentrations of 0.5% with 259%. We note that in the last case, when iron is in the highest concentration of 1%FeCl3, the increase is no more so heightened, as it is higher with only 128% versus the previous variant. Iron highly stimulates the respiration up to a certain concentration, it was remarked