scholarly journals An Overview of SARS‐CoV‐2 and Animal Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mahdy
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Short Review ◽  
World Health ◽  
Zoonotic Infection ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Animal Reservoir ◽  
Animal Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

A novel coronavirus has been reported as the causative pathogen of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak Wuhan city, China in December 2019. Due to the rapid spreading of COVID-19 worldwide, it has been announced as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Hospitalized patients in Wuhan are associated with the Huanan seafood wholesale market where live animals, such as poultry, bats, snakes, frogs, rabbits, marmots, and hedgehogs are sold in that market which suggests a possible zoonotic infection. Therefore, it is essential to identify the potential animal reservoir, and the possibility of infection for other animal species. This short review aims to provide an overview on the relation between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection and animals.

scholarly journals An Overview of SARS‐CoV‐2 and Animal Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mahdy
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Short Review ◽  
World Health ◽  
Zoonotic Infection ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Animal Reservoir ◽  
Animal Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

A novel coronavirus has been reported as the causative pathogen of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak Wuhan city, China in December 2019. Due to the rapid spreading of COVID-19 worldwide, it has been announced as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Hospitalized patients in Wuhan are associated with the Huanan seafood wholesale market where live animals, such as poultry, bats, snakes, frogs, rabbits, marmots, and hedgehogs are sold in that market which suggests a possible zoonotic infection. Therefore, it is essential to identify the potential animal reservoir, and the possibility of infection for other animal species. This short review aims to provide an overview on the relation between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection and animals.

scholarly journals An Overview of SARS-CoV-2 and Animal Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. A. Mahdy ◽  
Waleed Younis ◽  
Zamzam Ewaida
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Short Review ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Animal Infection ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

A novel coronavirus has been reported as the causative pathogen of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan city, China in December 2019. Due to the rapid spread of the virus worldwide, it has been announced as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Hospitalized patients in Wuhan were associated with the Huanan seafood wholesale market where live animals, such as poultry, bats, snakes, frogs, rabbits, marmots, and hedgehogs are sold in that market which suggests a possible zoonotic infection. It was suggested that bat is the natural host of SARS-CoV-2, but the intermediate host is still unclear. It is essential to identify the potential intermediate host to interrupt the transmission chain of the virus. Pangolin is a highly suspected candidate as an intermediate host for SARS-CoV-2. Recently, SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported in cats, dogs, tigers, and lions. More recently SARS-CoV-2 infection affected minks severely and zoonotic transfer with a variant SARS-CoV-2 strain evidenced in Denmark, Netherlands, USA, and Spain suggesting animal-to-human and animal-to-animal transmission within mink farms. Furthermore, experimental studies documented the susceptibility of different animal species to SARS-CoV-2, such as mice, golden hamsters, cats, ferrets, non-human primates, and treeshrews. It is also essential to know the possibility of infection for other animal species. This short review aims to provide an overview on the relation between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and animals.

Treatment Options in COVID-19: The Role of Bioavailable Antiviral Ribonucleoside Analog on NHC in vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Bittmann
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

On December 31, 2019, WHO was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan City, China. A novel coronavirus was identified as the cause by Chinese authorities on January 7, 2020 and was provisionally named "2019-nCoV". This new Coronavirus causes a clinical picture which has received now the name COVID-19. The virus has spread subsequently worldwide and was explained on the 11th of March, 2020 by the World Health Organization to the pandemic.

scholarly journals Relevance of animal infections in SARS-Cov-2 spread: an update after 1 year of pandemic.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frazzini Sara ◽  
Amadori Massimo ◽  
Lauretta Turin ◽  
Federica Riva
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chinese City ◽  
Experimental Infections ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Therapy Studies

In December 2019, several cases of pneumonia caused by a novel Coronavirus, later identified as SARS-CoV-2, were detected in the Chinese city of Wuhan. Due to its rapid, worldwide spread, on 11 March 2020 the World Health Organization declared a pandemic state. Since this new virus is genetically similar to the coronaviruses of bats, it was thought to have a zoonotic origin. Within a year of the appearance of SARS-CoV-2, several cases of infection were also reported in animals, suggesting animal-to-human and animal-to-animal transmission within mammals. Natural infection has been found in both companion and captive animals such as lions, tigers and gorillas. Among farm animals, the only ones found to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection so far are minks. Experimental infections have documented the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 of several animal species, such as humanized mice, hamsters, cats, dogs, ferrets, racoon dogs, cattle and non-human primates. Experimental infections are crucial for both elucidation of the role of animals in transmission and development of appropriate animal models for pathogenesis and therapy studies. This review aims to update the knowledge on natural and experimental SARS-CoV-2 infections in animals.

scholarly journals Another coronavirus, Another challenge

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Rafi A Jan ◽  
Arif Rehman Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Chinese Isolate ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Animal Reservoir ◽  
The World ◽  
Enteric Infections ◽  
The Many ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The world is yet again challenged by the outbreak of a new coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2; disease caused by this virus, now termed as COVID-19,was first reported in Wuhan City, Hubei Province China in the last week of December 2019. As of march 5, WHO reports a total of 80,430 cases of COVID-19 with 3013 deaths from China. The disease has been now reported in all the continents of the world except Antarctica –around 15,053 cases in 85 countries with 273 deaths. Although many cases have been reported in India, whether it going to touch this part of the country too, only time will tell.  It is very likely that by the time this editorial goes in print, the numbers would have changed significantly. It is because of this developing outbreak situation that has engulfed the entire world and has the potential to turn into a pandemic, I decided to focus on this new disease than to comment on one of the many well written papers in this issue of the journal. Understanding of this novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is evolving. This virus belongs to a large family of viruses known as coronaviridae family which are enveloped positive stranded RNA viruses causing respiratory and enteric infections affecting both animals and humans. The animal species infected by various coronaviruses include camels, cattle, cats and bats. Although very uncommon, coronaviruses of animal origin can infect humans and then spread from person to person, sometimes with devastating morbidity and mortality as is the case with MERS-CoV. The other two animal coronaviruses infecting people are SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. All these three viruses are betacoronaviruses and have their origin in bats1. Sequences from SARS-CoV-2 generated from patients outside China are similar to the original Chinese isolate suggesting a likely single emergence of SARS-CoV-2 from an animal reservoir. In the coming months we expect to learn more about the evolution and other pathogenetic aspects of the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2

scholarly journals A Community Based Collaborative Research Model to Fight Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19). A Report on Nairobi, Kenya Covd19 Efforts

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Samson Chama ◽  
◽  
Enouce Ndeche ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Disease ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
World Health ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

The first cases of COVID-19 pneumonia were identified in Wuhan City, China, in December 2019. In January 2020, a novel coronavirus, known as SARS-CoV-2, was identified as the cause of this outbreak. The virus, and the human disease it causes, have evolved into a global pandemic. As of April 29, 2020, according to the World Health Organization, cases have been confirmed in 213 countries, areas, or territories, with 3,090,445 confirmed cases so far, and 217,769 confirmed deaths [1].

scholarly journals Recent Discovery and Development on SARS-CoV-2: A Review of Current Literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Deepak Bamola ◽  
Rama Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Central China ◽  
World Health ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Origin and spread of current novel coronavirus raised serious concerns among stakeholders around the globe. Different speculations which may unfold the mystery in the future are taking roots, but now there is no globally acceptable opinion about the origin and spread of this novel coronavirus. It is reported that Wuhan city of Hubei Province of central China was the epicenter of this outbreak of novel coronavirus. However, initial inadequate preventive measures allowed the infection to cross the borders of China and that pull the world into a drastic public health and economic crisis. This novel coronavirus disease now named as COVID-19 by World Health Organization (WHO) and the responsible coronavirus is named as ‘severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)’. The spread of SARS-CoV-2 is alarming even after five months of inception and WHO further warns the world to be prepared for more intense spread of COVID-19. Different diagnostic tools to detect SARS-CoV-2 are being used around the globe, but the identification of asymptomatic carriers of the disease is a serious challenge in countering the COVID-19 pandemic. There is no specific treatment available, only preventive, symptomatic and supportive treatments are being used for clinical management of COVID-19. The available knowledge is limited therefore any escalation of information on the disease will help to combat with this global challenge of COVID-19. In this review, we have discussed and summarized the available multi-factorial information and recent updates on the SARS-CoV-2 which can support future research and may help in the strategic management of currentCOVID-19 pandemic. The articles available online before 30 April 2020 on bioRxiv, medRxiv, ChemRxiv, Google scholar and PubMed have been assessed for compilation of this review. Information on the official portal of WHO, CDC, ICMR etc were also assessed and used with due credit.

scholarly journals Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-73
Author(s):  
Ernest Kenu ◽  
Joseph Frimpong ◽  
Kwadwo Koram
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Infected Person ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

On 12 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The disease was christened COVID-19 and the pathogen (an RNA virus) identified as SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2).1,2 The virus is primarily spread through contact with small droplets produced from coughing, sneezing, or talking by an infected person. While a substantial proportion of infected individuals may remain asymptomatic, the most common symptoms in clinical cases include, fever, cough, acute respiratory distress, fatigue, and failure to resolve over 3 to 5 days of antibiotic treatment. Complications may include pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome.3 Over five million confirmed cases of COVID-19 has been recorded globally with more than 300,000 deaths as at 25th May 2020. The United States of America has recorded the highest number of cases with more than 1.5 million and over 100,000 deaths.4 In Africa, more than 90,0000 cases have been reported with about 3,000 deaths. South Africa has recorded the highest number of cases with 23,615 cases and 481 deaths. Ghana confirmed its first cases of COVID-19 on 12th March 2020 and had as at 25 May 2020 recorded over 7,000 cases with 34 deaths.5  

A Review on Coronavirus

2021 ◽  
pp. 253-255
Author(s):  
Mahesh. B. Chavan ◽  
Durgesh Tarade ◽  
Kushan. H. Pagare ◽  
Ritik. S. Jain
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Coronavirus disease also termed as covid-19 or SARS-COV-2 infection has been declared as global pandemic disease by World Health Organization (WHO). The first case of covid-19 is reported at the local Huanan Seafood wholesale market in Wuhan city in Hubei in central chain at last of 2019. Covid-19 is rapidly spread throughout the world since December – 2019 from Wuhan city of China. Covid-19 patient has various symptoms like fever, cough, sore throat, breathlessness, fatigue and others. It is very necessary to identify the cases of covid-19 as soon as possible and isolate the suspected people and confirmed cases of Covid-19 to prevent the infection to other peoples.

Experience and Insight Author in Preventing and Curbing the Novel Coronavirus (Covid19) Outbreak

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1si) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Rahmidha Dwijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
World Health ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Exotic Animals ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

Introduction: In December 31, 2019, China gave bad news the World Health Organization (WHO) throughtout an outbreak of a mysterious pneumonia characteristic in Wuhan, which is located in Hubei Province with 11 million people. On 1 January 2020, the source of the Coronavirus outbreak is a seafood market that has been closed. The Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan City, where the virus was first detected, fit that description to a tee, with vendors illegally trading in wild and exotic animals alongside the daily ocean catch. Discussion: This literature review retrieved the articles from databases such as Springer, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The articles on preventing were 17 articles and curbing were 15 articles. The literatur review is a critical and in-depth evaluation of previous research to obtain important information about the dangers of the corona virus and the important of preventing and curbing the corona virus. Guidance regarding personal protective equipment in infection prevention and control is provided by WHO. Goggles and face shield must always be used to protect against potential hazards, and health workers don’t touch mucous membranes (eyes, nose or mouth). Conclusion: Recommendations for preventing health and preventing Covid19 are: limiting physical contact or being in a room with people without symptoms, covering the mouth with a tissue when sneezing or coughing and then throwing the tissue into the trash. If there are no tissues, use your sleeves to avoid liquids or droplets on other people or sticking to nearby objects, do not travel to the red zone against the spread of Covid19, rub hands properly for 20 seconds with soap and water, If it is quite difficult to find water, it is advisable to always have a Hand Sanitizer with an alcohol content of at least 60% which is believed to be able to kill germs. Recommendation for curbing the spread the Covid19 include: lockdown, stay at home, and physical inactivity.

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